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Results for “AVITAMINOSIS”

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PubMed1989

Vitamins, iron, and physical work.

Combined marginal deficiencies of iron, vitamin C, and B-group vitamins are widespread in developing countries. An understanding of the functional implications poses a continuing challenge, both for the development of new techniques of investigation and for the design of effective intervention programmes. Practical intervention in developing countries also needs to take account of the interactions of micronutrient status and disease susceptibility. It is becoming clear that combined deficiencies of certain vitamins, or of iron and vitamins, although less severe than those causing the lesions of classic clinical deficiency, can seriously reduce work performance. Riboflavin, particularly, has a special relation with iron economy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Micronutrition.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Effects of vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin B6 supplements in elderly people with normal serum vitamin concentrations.

In a prospective, multicentre, double-blind controlled study, the effect of an intramuscular vitamin supplement containing 1 mg vitamin B12, 1.1 mg folate, and 5 mg vitamin B6 on serum concentrations of methylmalonic acid (MMA), homocysteine (HCYS), 2-methylcitric acid (2-MCA), and cystathionine (CYSTA) was compared with that of placebo in 175 elderly subjects living at home and 110 in hospital. Vitamin supplement and placebo were administered eight times over a 3-week period. Vitamin supplement but not placebo significantly reduced all four metabolite concentrations at the end of the study in both study groups. The maximum effects of treatment were usually seen within 5-12 days. Initially elevated metabolite concentrations returned to normal in a higher proportion of the vitamin than of the placebo group: 92% vs 20% for HYCS; 82% vs 20% for MMA; 62% vs 25% for 2-MCA; and 42% vs 25% for CYSTA. The response rate to vitamin supplements supports the notion that metabolic evidence of vitamin deficiency is common in the elderly, even in the presence of normal serum vitamin levels. Metabolite assays permit identification of elderly subjects who may benefit from vitamin supplements.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Skin and mucosal manifestations in vitamin deficiency.

The skin and mucosal changes in vitamin deficiency are described. Pellagra, which is the oldest known cutaneous manifestation among vitamin deficiencies, is reviewed. Cutaneous alterations caused by deficiency of the water-soluble vitamins B6, C, B1 and biotin, B12, folic acid, and riboflavin result in more mucosal alterations and are discussed. Alterations caused by fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies (vitamins A and K) are also considered.

Ascorbic Acid Deficiency↗
PubMed2004

Down syndrome and epilepsy: a nutritional connection?

Non-Asian individuals with Down syndrome are much more likely to develop epileptic seizure disorders than individuals without Down syndrome. Examination of nutrient and metabolite levels in patients with these two seemingly disparate disorders reveals numerous similarities. Compared to individuals without these disorders, individuals with Down syndrome and individuals with seizures may have lower levels of vitamin A, vitamin B1, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, magnesium, manganese, selenium, zinc, carnitine, carnosine, choline, and possibly serine. Excesses of copper, cysteine, phenylalanine, and superoxide dismutase are also sometimes encountered in both disorders. In addition to common nutritional lower levels and excesses, disorders of metabolism involving vitamin B6, vitamin D, calcium, and tryptophan may play a common role. This paper hypothesizes that nutritional factors may account for the high joint occurrence of these conditions. Further examination of these data may provide insights into nutritional, metabolic and pharmacological treatments for both conditions.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2001

A new HPLC micromethod to measure total plasma homocysteine in newborn.

Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) in children may be an useful biochemical marker for genetic risk of premature cardiovascular disease. We reported a rapid, isocratic HPLC method able to process very small amount of newborn plasma samples. A blood sample from heel capillary circulation was collected, using a heparinized capillary glass tube. Plasma sample from 1 to 10 microl was derivatized with ammonium-7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulphonate after reduction with tri-n-butylphosphine and analyzed on Discovery C18 column, with a solution of acetonitrile-dihydrogenphosphate 0.1 M (8:92 v/v pH*2.1). This assay ensures a good recovery (95%), precision (CV 4.5%) and linearity (y=2.41x + 0.31, r=1). Due to its simplicity and reliability, our method is suitable for routine analysis of tHcy and other aminothiols (Cys, Cys-Gly, GSH) assessed for clinical and research purposes. With this HPLC method we have assayed tHcy levels in 1400 apparently healthy newborn babies (tHcy mean value=4.9+/-2.7 microM). In conclusion, this accurate and linear HPLC method allows measurement of tHcy in newborn during the routinary capillary blood collection in the fourth living day without any other invasive procedure.

Avitaminosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intravenous vitamins for alcoholics in the emergency department: a review.

It is common practice for emergency physicians to provide i.v. vitamin replacements for alcoholics who present to the emergency department (ED). This article describes vitamin deficiencies in alcoholics and reviews the utility and utilization of vitamins in the emergency department. We conclude that the current data do not support the routine administration of i.v. vitamins to alcoholics who present to the ED and we do not recommend this practice.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2002

Vitamin nutrition in older adults.

Proper vitamin nutrition is essential for all people but especially for elderly persons, because they are at higher risk for deficiency than younger adults. A review of the clinical effects of vitamin deficiency shows how easily deficiency can masquerade as other morbidities, such as skin, neurologic, and gait abnormalities. Given the numerous readily available forms and sources of supplementation, their low cost, and their rather limited potential for harm, the goal of good vitamin nutrition for the elderly is easily attainable. To be successful in this goal, physicians must look for patients at risk and for those with features of frank vitamin deficiency. Laboratory testing is most helpful with respect to vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. Given the great value of clinical assessment, the low cost of vitamins, and the higher cost of laboratory testing, the authors do not recommend testing before instituting multivitamin use or extra supplementation with individual vitamins unless the diagnosis of deficiency is in question or the use of supplementation would put the patient at risk. The authors' general recommendations are * one multivitamin daily * extra vitamin E for patients with cardiovascular risk factors or Alzheimer's dementia * extra vitamin D for patients with known osteoporosis, osteoporosis risk factors, or strong risk factors for vitamin D deficiency * extra folate for patients with cardiovascular risk factors (especially smokers) and alcoholics * extra thiamine for alcoholics.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Vitamin deficiencies in cattle.

Deficiencies of vitamins A, D, K, E and thiamin can cause severe limitations in beef production. In particular, vitamin A and E can be common causes of lost profit, secondary to limitations of reproductive and growth potential. Prolonged dry periods will reduce available A and E in pasture forage, as can ensiling and prolonged storage of harvested feedstuffs. Polioencephalomalacia is a thiamin responsive disorder, associated with high concentrate feeding and lush pastures. Antimetabolites, such as amprolium, will cause thiamine deficiency when fed in excess. Recent information has shown improved performance with supplemental beta carotene and niacin. The positive responses in reproductive performance, noted with cattle fed supplemental beta carotene, was independent of vitamin A. Supplementation of vitamins above National Research Council recommendations can be justified. However, proper evaluation of feed and animal status, and documentation of a response to supplementation is necessary before diagnosing deficiencies of specific nutrients.

Animals↗