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PubMed2006

Comparison between two glass-ionomer sealants placed using finger pressure (ART approach) and a ball burnisher.

PURPOSE: To compare in vitro marginal leakage and fissure penetration depth of sealants placed under finger pressure (ART) and a ball burnisher. METHODS: High-viscosity glass-ionomer hand-mixed Fuji IX GP and encapsulated Fuji IX GP Fast were used to seal 72 patent occlusal pits and fissures according to the ART approach or with the aid of a ball burnisher in surgically removed molars. All teeth were thermocycled for 500 cycles in water between 6 and 55 degrees C, then varnished until 1 mm from the sealant, submerged in 1% methylene blue for 4 hours, had roots dissected, crowns embedded in epoxy resin and sectioned before examination with a light reflection microscope. Marginal leakage at the enamel-sealant interface and fissure penetration depth was measured on a scale of 0 to 4. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in marginal leakage (P= 0.62) and fissure penetration depth (P= 0.46) between sealants placed using the application procedures. One of the operators scored statistically significant lower on the marginal leakage and higher on fissure penetration depth in sealants produced using finger pressure than with a ball burnisher (P= 0.01). All nine sealants placed by this operator using finger pressure and encapsulated glass-ionomer showed no marginal leakage. The mean fissure penetration depth of these sealants was 3.6 (SD=0.9).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Knowledge acquisition for computation of semantic distance between WHO-ART terms.

Computation of semantic distance between adverse drug reactions terms may be an efficient way to group related medical conditions in pharmacovigilance case reports. Previous experience with ICD-10 on a semantic distance tool highlighted a bottleneck related to manual description of formal definitions in large terminologies. We propose a method based on acquisition of formal definitions by knowledge extraction from UMLS and morphosemantic analysis. These formal definitions are expressed with SNOMED International terms. We provide formal definitions for 758 WHO-ART terms: 321 terms defined from UMLS, 320 terms defined using morphosemantic analysis and 117 terms defined after expert evaluation. Computation of semantic distance (e.g. k-nearest neighbours) was implemented in J2EE terminology services. Similar WHO-ART terms defined by automated knowledge acquisition and ICD terms defined manually show similar behaviour in the semantic distance tool. Our knowledge acquisition method can help us to generate new formal definitions of medical terms for our semantic distance terminology services.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1991

The treatment act: an analysis of the clinical art in chiropractic.

This paper discusses the nature of healing as it applies to the clinical art of chiropractic. General concepts of the phenomenology of illness and healing are developed and then applied specifically toward chiropractic care. The role of metaphor in medicine and chiropractic is discussed; chiropractic may make better use of root metaphor than does the practice of medicine. Finally, the paper discusses certain implications of the clinical art of chiropractic as they relate to teaching and research within the chiropractic profession.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1979

Z80.1 and the state of the art.

Ophthalmic standards such as ANSI Z80.1, 1979 (Recommendation for Prescription Ophthalmic Lenses) are developed by the joint effort of many disciplines from eye care practitioners to suppliers and manufacturers. The tolerances, agreed upon by consensus, are fundamentally controlled by the state of the art, that is upon the quality of product which can be reliably produced by competent personnel using standard methods of processing. Research has demonstrated that the Z80.1, 1972 standard had been set at a level above the state of the art for today's lenses. Some of the tolerances in the 1979 revision were therefore lowered so as to establish a more realistic guideline. The new standard, if diligently applied by both laboratories and dispensers, should lead, however, to an increase and not a reduction in product quality.

Eyeglasses↗
PubMed1979

Analytic clinical laboratory precision. State of the art for twenty-nine analytes.

Relationships of concentration and coefficient of variation are described for 29 clinical laboratory analytes. Estimated mean regression curves and the standard deviations of individual laboratory coefficients of variation about the mean regression are calculated. Twenty-seven analytes showed a significant relation between concentration and coefficient of variation. State of the art precision is compared to medical goals. The average coefficient of variation for one analyte, calcium, fails to meet medical goals for manual methods. The distribution of individual laboratory precision above average state of the art figures is discussed. The proportion of laboratories failing to meet medical goals is large for osmolality, as well as manual calcium methods.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experts according to Art. 80, Paragraph IV, Law No. 354, 26 July 1975, and the obligation to professional secrecy].

The multiplicity of advertising "concerns" acts, with a more prominent emphasis in recent times, as the necessary condition for an increasing deterioration of professional reserve to the level of a merely formal statement. Especially as regards the medical profession, as broadly understood, the institution of "specialist categories" directly tied to "public bodies" and to "agencies", private or public, responsible for or helping to effect, the "monitoring" of special characteristics peculiar to the most intimate sphere of subjectivity, remarkable "deviations" can be observed as against the anamnestic (having to do with case histories--trans.), analytic, and clearly therapeutic safeguarding that, to the contrary, ought to receive an inviolable defense on the part of the Italian regulatory system--executive, in the sense of rigorous constitutional provisions. To emphasize the deep erosion of professional reserve, demonstrable to the highest degree by the present levels of penal doctrine and jurisprudence as specifically regards criminal cases sanctioned by art. 622 of the penal code, is therefore equivalent to the bringing into focus of a general social and regulatory problem, one that is obviously expanding, as regards its importance and its capacity to "alarm", within the sphere of the observation of personality and of institutionalized treatment as prescribed by the law of 26 July 1975, no. 354, bearing the title "Penitentiary Organization". The need for establishing a climate of "confidentiality"--confirmed by a number of papers on criminology and "penitentiary technique"--among the convicts, and "therapy", is therefore included within the considerably larger theme of the rights of the condemned person, of his assent to being subjected to "resocializing operations", as well as of the guarantee of not having to undergo further negative consequences, beyond his state of restricted freedom, whether on the legal plane or on the plane of his psycho-physical integrity. Therefore, quite beyond the many-sided (and often these are used as pretexts) "just reasons" brought forth to justify any information, setting specifically aside that of the "consultants spoken of in art. 80" of the law cited, concerning confidential data or anyway sources of harm to the passive subjects, it is urgent that there be given an extremely severe interpretation of the law's provisions, there being symbiotically acknowledged the right to abstain, as regards the consultants themselves, from the "divulging" of any information beyond their strictly medical opinion, and the option for those subjected to observation and treatment to make out a complaint where there are the requisites tending to make the possibility of a crime's having been committed a concrete fact.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1980

Analytic clinical laboratory precision--state of the art for thirty-one analysis.

Relationships of concentration and coefficients of variation for 31 clinical laboratory analytes are described. Estimated mean regression curves and standard deviations of individual laboratory coefficients of variation about the mean regression are calculated. Most analytes showed a significant relationship between concentration and coefficient of variation. State-of-the-art precision is compared with medical goals. The relationship of precision performance standards to the state-of-the-art precision, statistical outliers, and laboratory error is discussed. Statistically significant trends of improving analytic precision are observed for most analytes in both manual and automated methods.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1994

DC-ART: improvement and sustained improvement in function.

Implementation of the DC-ART category requires a quantitative definition of its descriptive components, the first of which is that such therapy "improve and sustain function." While function is generally taken to include physical, social, and emotional elements, a case is made for restricting function, in this context, to physical function. It is acknowledged that at present there are scanty data on which to determine the minimal size of improvement in function needed to satisfy DC-ART criteria and, in so doing, predict longer term benefit. Until more information is available on predictive data on patients with rheumatoid arthritis and natural course effects in healthy individuals, it is reasonable to use the arbitrary 25-50% improvements traditionally considered by clinicians to represent clinically important change.

Antirheumatic Agents↗
PubMed1994

Other special considerations in assessing DC-ART: The need for patient stratification.

Given the heterogeneity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), even in disease of the same duration, it seems likely that some therapeutic regimens will satisfy DC-ART criteria to different degrees in different strata of patients with RA. Since it entails its own problems, it is recommended that the value and feasibility of stratification be evaluated before any attempt to design a DC-ART trial.

Antirheumatic Agents↗
PubMed1994

The art of writing successful research abstracts.

Successful dissemination of your research requires planning. Your abstract is a succinct presentation of a portion of your research specifically designed to capture the attention of the audience you have chosen. The art of writing a successful abstract involves planning, like any other work of art, and is accomplished in stages. This article provides pointers for dissemination of research, describes the stages involved in writing competitive abstracts, and suggests alternative approaches to writing abstracts.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1994

Performing arts medicine.

Arts medicine has come of age, resulting from 3 important developments over the past decade: improved methods of diagnosis and treatment, an awareness that artists suffer from special problems related to their occupation and lifestyle, and the establishment of health programs emphasizing an interdisciplinary approach to these patients. We focus on the patterns of illness afflicting performing artists, specifically dancers, singers, actors, and instrumental musicians, and explain some of the things a health care team can do in treating these patients. The conditions governing these patients' lives--early exposure to high expectations of excellence, incessant demands for perfection, long periods of intense practicing, fierce competition, high levels of anxiety associated with performance, and uncertain careers--need to be understood. Levels of disease and disability are remarkably high, but artists often ignore symptoms. We discuss the musculoskeletal, neurologic, vocal, psychological, and other syndromes found among performers and some of the difficulties in treating them. The prevention of injury, conservative management, collaboration with teachers, and a psychotherapeutic approach are desirable. Arts medicine programs for professional consultation exist in several major cities of the United States and abroad. Although research is needed regarding the effectiveness of health care services for performing artists, the scientific literature devoted to this field is growing.

Dancing↗
PubMed1993

Descriptive cataloging for collections of medical art.

Conserving our profession's historical record would be aided by creating a guide for recording bibliographical information associated with medical art. A guide of this nature should conform to currently accepted national standards for bibliographical listings, reflect the cataloging needs of these specialized materials, and contain a sample data collection sheet. Such a guide would provide a starting point for new or undocumented collections to begin organizing and listing their holdings. This article presents a cataloging guide that is specific to the needs of collecting medical art and that conforms, in both language and structure, to established guidelines for descriptive cataloging.

Archives↗
PubMed1977

Analytical clinical chemistry precision. State of the art for fourteen analytes.

Relationships of concentration and coefficient of variation for 14 clinical chemistry analytes are described. Estimated mean regression curves and standard deviations of individual laboratory coefficients of variation about the mean regression are calculated. Two analytes, calcium and sodium, showed no relationship of concentration to precision. Twelve analytes showed significant relations between concentration and coefficient of variation. State-of-the-art precision is compared with medical goals. The average coefficient of variation for one analyte, calcium, fails to meet medical goals for automated or manual methods. Average precisions for 13 analytes meet medical goals. The distribution of individual laboratory precision above average state-of-the-art figures is discussed. The proportions of laboratories failing to meet medical goals are large for sodium, chloride and glucose, in addition to calcium.

Automation↗
PubMed1996

[Can the art of caring survive?].

The direction that health care has taken in the past few years indicates an urgent need for new models of thinking and new interventions in health care institutions. Despite all of the changes, the nurse remains the one social being the patient can rely on for interpersonal relationships. Can the art of caring, which is at the root of nursing, survive present-day economic pressures? Is it still a useful, accessible and important tool for therapeutic contact? This article, written as a testimonial, gives the author's insights, examples and a short case history on the subject of caring. The author discusses organizational frameworks of health care institutions and encourages readers to review their own nursing practice as a means of improving within their own institutions. Key elements of caring such as altruistic values, sensibility to oneself and others, and the trust-hope relationship are presented. The author's objective is to invite further discussion and promote awareness of the threat to the art of caring.

Altruism↗
PubMed1976

The Accelerated Medical Program and the Liberal Arts at Boston University.

Since September 1961, fifteen classes have matriculated in Boston University's Six- Year College of Liberal Arts--Medical Education Combined Degree Program. The applicant pool is approximately three to four times larger now than in the earlier years, with classes averaging 50 students. Academic qualifications (high-school class rank and Scholastic Aptitude Test and College Board Achievement Test results) of the entering classes have been at a consistently high level. Fifty percent or more of the graduates receive the BA degree with honors; 10% or more receive the MD degree with honors. The degree of flexibility in the liberal arts component of the program has increased and currently exceeds that of the traditional four-year premedical curriculum. These data, together with additional information concerning postgraduate professional activities, indicate that the combined accelerated program has been successful.

Boston↗
PubMed1990

The development of aesthetic facial surgery in Japan: as seen through a study of Japanese pictorial art.

A study of pictorial art in Japan reveals a basic concept of beauty which is very much related to the development of aesthetic surgery for the Japanese face. The eyes, nose, and mouth in a round-to-oval face are traditionally expressed in a unique manner that is based on the Buddhist ideas of harmony and universality. The common facial characteristics of the Japanese were idealized in a manner that was best seen in the oblique view. The key to effective aesthetic surgery for such facial features is suggested in the author's ideas for enhancing facial expression and individuality. This can be seen in the double-eyelid operation and augmentation rhinoplasty, which are the two asthetic surgery procedures that are more popular in Japan than in the West.

Art↗
PubMedDate not supplied

You don't have to be an artist. Foundation for Hospital Art provides projects that work.

Wolfson's Children's Hospital in Jacksonville, Fla., and Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital in St. Louis, were participants in PaintFest, a program by the Foundation for Hospital Art to provide colorful, soothing artwork for hospitals. More than 500 hospitals have participated since the Foundation began in 1984. Seasoned veterans express amazement at the overwhelming reaction by news media.

Art↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Painters and patients: how art informs medicine.

This essay describes three movements in art--impressionism, cubism, and abstract expressionism--and how artists within each movement differed in their portrayal of reality. With this background, the author proposes that inquiry into the motives and methods of artists within each movement may help in our understanding of how a person experiences, interprets, and portrays reality. This, in turn, may translate into a recognition of the multiplicity of perspectives and the uniqueness of each patient's lived experience of his or her illness and that the doctor's vantage point on reality may not mesh with that of the patient.

Art↗