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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Use of duplex sonography to investigate the effect of active and passive movement at the ankle joint for promoting venous return.

Among the joint and muscle pumps that are hemodynamically active and, in particular, bring about venous return in the lower limb, the so-called ankle pump is of paramount importance. The basic anatomical relationship of the talocrural joint to the venous network around the ankle is reviewed. Duplex sonographic measurement of the rate of blood flow in the great saphenous vein at the saphenous opening, at rest and during active and passive movements at the ankle joint, shows that such movements have an important effect on the rate of flow through the adjacent veins. Passive movement of the foot relative to the leg was brought about by a newly developed apparatus that can be either pneumatically or electrically operated. The action of the ankle pump against venous stasis, the arthrogenic congestive syndrome, and chronic venous insufficiency has demonstrated the prophylactic importance of this physiological mechanism. It can, when necessary, be replaced by an appropriately designed apparatus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biomechanical characteristics of the lateral ligament of the ankle joint.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical properties of the lateral ankle ligaments and to correlate these properties with the distribution of mechanoreceptors in the ligaments reported previously. Biomechanical tensile tests were performed by using a video dimension analyzer to monitor the distortion of the lateral ligament at the pole and center in the animals. The mean upward slope of the load-elongation curves of the pole group was 38.1+/-14.2, and that of the center group was 79.1+/-6.5. The pole of the ligaments tended to be elongated more than the center. These biomechanical results suggest that mechanoreceptors in the pole of the ligaments, compared with those in the center, may receive more mechanical stress and be effective in monitoring of tension applied to the ligament.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Current status of magnetic resonance tomography in diagnosis of the ankle joint--a critical evaluation].

Anatomical preparations of the ankle were examined by T1-weighted SE-sequences in three planes to identify normal topography. The current status of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was assessed and illustrated by image examples. Together with conventional radiography, MRI yields relevant information for therapy planning. This technique allows accurate staging of traumatic and degenerative involving the soft tissues of the joint, including tendons and ligaments. MRI clearly delineates joint fluid, osteochondral abnormalities, and is helpful in the diagnosis of inflammatory changes of the synovia and bone marrow. Furthermore, it is the modality of choice for evaluating tissue neoplasma. Its advantages are not only the detection of the process and definition of its extent, but also the determination of local soft-tissue infiltration.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed2000

[Surgical indication of ankle joint supination trauma?].

Even for severe ankle sprains the non-operative, functional treatment is the therapy of choice. The prognosis is good: persisting symptoms and instability are rare and the outcome seems to be independent of initial therapy. An indication for primary operation is an exception. In case of remaining symptoms the patient should be referred to an orthopedic surgeon for further diagnostic studies (MRI) and possibly secondary operative stabilization.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1996

[Revision operations after failed arthrodeses of the upper ankle joint].

Although non-union of ankle arthrodesis is reported to be a common problem there is sparse literature regarding technique and results of revision arthrodesis in this difficult situation. We performed revision arthrodesis in 22 cases, either by means of a resection-compression revision arthrodesis or a tibiotalar sliding graft. According to our experience a subtle operation technique with cancellous bone grafting and particular attention to soft tissue can achieve bone healing with good functional results in about 90% of cases.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Radiographic evaluation of the position of implants in the medial malleolus in relation to the ankle joint space: anteroposterior compared with mortise radiographs.

BACKGROUND: Displaced transverse fractures of the medial malleolus are commonly treated with open reduction and internal fixation with two screws or wires. A mortise radiograph is often used to verify the position of the implants relative to the joint space. However, because the medial and lateral talomalleolar spaces are normally not parallel, the mortise projection (which is colinear with the lateral space) does not provide an accurate radiograph of the medial joint space. METHODS: In ten cadaveric ankles, two wires were inserted into the medial malleolus, as is done for fixation of a fracture, and the distance of the wires from the joint space was measured on an anteroposterior radiograph, on mortise radiographs made with the foot in 15 and 30 degrees of internal rotation, and on anatomical cross section. RESULTS: The measurement on the anteroposterior radiograph exceeded the anatomical measurement in only two specimens, and the discrepancy was 0.5 millimeter in both instances. Measurement of the osseous thickness between the joint surface and the posterior wire on the mortise radiographs always revealed a lower value than the measurements on the anteroposterior radiograph and the anatomical cross section of the same specimen. There was a false appearance of intra-articular placement of the posterior wire on the 15-degree mortise radiographs of four specimens and on the 30-degree mortise radiographs of eight specimens. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that the mortise projection provides an oblique radiograph of the medial joint space that can inaccurately reflect the true position of fixation implants in the medial malleolus. Because an anteroposterior radiograph is made with the articular surface of the medial malleolus tangential to the beam, it provides a more accurate representation of implants in the medial malleolus.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Instrumented measurement of anteroposterior and inversion-eversion laxity of the normal ankle joint complex.

Manual examination is the most common method for the evaluation of ankle anteroposterior (AP) and inversion-eversion (I-E) laxity. Objective assessment data of normal ankle laxity must be provided before comparison with an injured ankle can be made. The purpose of this study was to compare AP translation and I-E rotation at three force loads between dominant and nondominant ankles and to assess the test-retest reliability of a portable arthrometer in obtaining these measurements. The arthrometer consists of a frame that is fixed to the foot, a pad that is attached to the tibia, and a load-measuring handle that is attached to the foot plate through which the load is applied. A six-degrees-of-freedom spatial kinematic linkage system is connected between the tibial pad and the foot frame to measure motion. Instrumented measurement testing of total AP displacement and I-E rotation of both ankles was performed in 41 subjects (21 men and 20 women; mean age, 23.8 +/- 4.4 years). Subjects had no history of ankle injury. Subjects were tested in the supine position while lying on a table with the knee secured in extension and the foot positioned at 0 degrees of flexion. Laxity was measured from total AP displacement (millimeters) during loading to 125 N of AP force and from total I-E rotation (degrees of range of motion) during loading to 4000 N-mm. Reliability was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1) at 75 N, 100 N, and 125 N of AP force and at 2000, 3000, and 4000 N-mm torque loads. Mean differences for displacement and rotation between the dominant and nondominant ankles at each of the force and torque loads were analyzed by dependent t-tests. For both the dominant and nondominant ankles, respectively, the reliability coefficients at each of the force loads for AP displacement (range, 0.82-0.89) and I-E rotation (range, 0.86-0.97) were high. The t-test analyses showed no significant differences (P > or = 0.05) for total AP displacement or I-E rotation between the dominant and nondominant ankles at any of the force loads. The results are clinically useful in providing information about the reliability of measures at different AP and I-E force loads using a portable ankle ligament arthrometer.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The ball and socket ankle joint.

This paper reports fifteen cases of ball and socket articulation at the ankle followed up for an average of twelve years. All patients showed inequality of leg length. Ten patients showed coalitions of the bones of the hindfoot and nine patients had a reduction in the number of bony elements of the forefoot. Other associated anomalies are described. The abnormality seems to be part of a congenital short-limb malformation, perhaps modified by adaptive change associated with rigidity of the hindfoot. Surgical intervention was not required in any patient in the series.

Adolescent↗