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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Immunoassay reagents for psychoactive drugs. I. The method for the development of antibodies specific to amitriptyline and nortriptyline.

Amitriptyline and nortriptyline were structurally modified by the attachment of spacer arms to the aromatic ring which were subsequently attached to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Rabbits inoculated with these conjugates yielded polyclonal antisera with high selectivity and good titers. This approach required novel spacer arms and new conjugation methods. The antisera produced were characterized with respect to their cross-reactivity with amitriptyline, nortriptyline and their hydroxy metabolites as well as selected structurally related compounds.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1982

Effect of chronic treatment with amitriptyline and haloperidol on high affinity uptake of choline by synaptosomes from various regions of rat brain.

Changes in high affinity uptake of choline were determined in crude synaptosomal (P2) preparations from cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus of rats given either single or repeated (for 7, 14 or 21 days) doses of amitriptyline (5 mg/kg/day) or haloperidol (1 mg/kg/day). A single dose of amitripytyline failed to affect the high affinity choline uptake in the cortex and hippocampus and produced a slight (11%) decrease in the uptake of choline in the striatum. In contrast, chonic treatment with this antidepressant resulted in a significant enhancement of high affinity choline uptake (by 10-43%) in all brain regions examined. Haloperidol, after a single dose, caused a significant increase of high affinity choline uptake (18%) only in the cortex, but repeated administration of the antipsychotic drug produced consistent augmentation of choline uptake in both cortical and striatal synaptosomes. In the hippocampus, high affinity choline uptake was enhanced after 7 days but returned to control values or was decreased after 14 and 21 days of treatment, respectively. Whereas blockade of dopamine receptors is likely to induce the observed alterations in high affinity choline uptake after administration of haloperidol, an antimuscarinic action may be involved in compensatory high affinity choline uptake increases after treatment with amitriptyline.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1985

Serotonin uptake and imipramine binding in rat platelets after chronic dexamethasone and amitriptyline treatment.

Chronic adrenocorticotrophin treatment was shown to decrease platelet 5HT uptake, increase Km and decrease Vmax. Similarly, chronic dexamethasone treatment decreased 5HT uptake, but had no effect on the Kd and Bmax of high affinity imipramine binding sites in the platelets. Chronic amitriptyline treatment induced similar changes, with the exception that the drug induced a decrease in the number of high affinity imipramine binding sites. Chronic dexamethasone treatment potentiated the effects of amitriptyline and decreased the IC50 of imipramine and desipramine as 5HT uptake inhibitors in vitro. The results suggest that whereas 5HT uptake is related to high affinity imipramine binding sites, it can be modified independently of the high affinity imipramine binding.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

The acute effects of amitriptyline, iprindole and trazodone on blood pressure and heart rate in rats.

The cardiovascular effects of the tricyclic anti-depressant amitriptyline, a monoamine uptake inhibitor, and iprindole and trazodone, two novel anti-depressants of unknown mechanism, were monitored in urethane anesthetized rats following intravenous (IV) or intracerebroventricular (IVT) injection. Amitriptyline (2 mg IV or 0.25 mg IVT) produced hypotension that might reflect an action of norepinephrine on the anterior hypothalamus. Iprindole (2 mg IV) produced hypertension and (0.25 mg IVT) tachycardia that is consistent with a partial beta-agonist mechanism. Trazodone (1 mg IV or 0.25 mg IVT) produced hypotension and bradycardia that is consistent with the activation of noradrenergic neurons in the anterior hypothalamus perhaps as a result of trazodone acting on presynaptic alpha 2 receptors or on presynaptic serotonin receptors to increase the release of norepinephrine. All three of these anti-depressants have the potential to precipitate cardiovascular complications, particularly in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular abnormalities.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1995

Stress-induced changes in histaminergic system: effects of diazepam and amitriptyline.

The involvement of the histaminergic system in the regulation of weak stress was studied in rats. The parameters examined were the brain receptors and corticosterone (CS) plasma levels. The benzodiazepine diazepam [(2 mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP)] influenced neither foot-shock-induced changes in CS levels nor [3H]-histamine [(3H)-HA] binding site constants, whereas the tricyclic antidepressive amitriptyline (10 mg/kg IP) partially counteracted a plasma CS increase and prevented changes in [3H]-HA binding in the stressed rat brain. These observations are in agreement with the known activities of amitriptyline on monoaminergic metabolism and receptors. Moreover, these data provide further experimental evidence of the functional role of the central histaminergic system in organized stress response.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1980

A re-examination of the clinical effects of imipramine and amitriptyline in depressive illness.

A double-blind trial of amitriptyline and imipramine was conducted in patients suffering from depressive illness. The results failed to confirm the prevalent belief that amitriptyline has a greater sedative effect and superior anxiolytic properties than imipramine. The therapeutic effect of these drugs was not shown to be related to their sedative properties and with regard to anxiety the reverse appeared to be true.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1982

Lithium + L-tryptophan compared with amitriptyline in endogenous depression.

Endogenously depressed in-patients were treated for four weeks with either lithium + L-tryptophan (N = 22) or amitriptyline (N = 21) in an open study. Before and weekly during treatment the patients were evaluated by means of Hamilton rating scale, and blood samples were collected for determination of serum concentration of lithium, or amitriptyline and nortriptyline. Both groups responded significantly and the two treatments were not significantly different in antidepressive efficacy. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between clinical improvement and steady-state serum drug levels. From this study it appears that lithium combined with L-tryptophan may be effective in the treatment of endogenous depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Does lofepramine have fewer side effects than amitriptyline? Results of a comparative trial.

A double blind trial was carried out comparing the tricyclic antidepressant lofepramine with amitriptyline in the treatment of patients suffering from moderate to markedly severe depression. No difference was demonstrated between the two drugs in terms of their antidepressant effect, but patients treated with lofepramine suffered from significantly less side effects than patients treated with amitriptyline. Both groups of patients had a high drop out rate but this was less marked in the groups of patients treated with lofepramine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Responses to phenelzine and amitriptyline absence of differential predictors by multiple regression analysis.

Multiple regression analyses using initial symptoms to predict outcome were carried out on data from an outpatient controlled comparison of amitriptyline, phenelzine and placebo. Separate analyses were carried out in the three treatment groups and regression equations were compared. Significant prediction was obtained only for phenelzine. On only one of three outcome measures analysed, however were there significant differences between treatment groups in regressions. Individual predictors were not easily interpretable. There was little evidence for different clinical predictors or response to phenelzine and amitriptyline in this sample.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Peripheral adrenoceptors and serotonin receptors in depression. Changes associated with response to treatment with trazodone or amitriptyline.

Changes in platelet and lymphocyte adrenoceptor densities, platelet serotonin uptake and aggregatory response to serotonin were assessed in a group of moderately depressed patients before and during treatment with either trazodone or amitriptyline. Platelet serotonin receptor activity and uptake were lower before the start of treatment in all patients than in those patients responding to treatment. The densities of alpha 2- and beta-adrenoceptors tended to be higher in the patients before treatment and returned to control values after effective therapy. There were no major differences in the biochemical changes between the patients treated with trazodone or amitriptyline. When the biochemical data was correlated with the clinical history of the patients, it was found that only endogenously depressed patients, and not those with non-endogenous depression, had a significantly reduced platelet serotonin uptake rate. In addition, female depressives had a slightly lower platelet 5-HT aggregatory response than males irrespective to the type of depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A controlled study of a specific MAO A reversible inhibitor (R011-1163) and amitriptyline in depressive illness.

A double blind comparative study of amitriptyline and a new reversible MAO A inhibitor R011-1163 was conducted in 25 depressed inpatients over 4 weeks. Response to treatment was assessed with the Hamilton depression rating scale, the Carroll depression self rating scale and the Visual analogue scale. Both drugs produced significant changes in depressive symptomatology (P less than 0.01, MANOVA) and there were no statistically significant differences between drugs (P greater than 0.05 MANOVA). Side effects were of mild to moderate severity with dry mouth the most commonly reported side effect of amitriptyline and vague, generalised headache in patients, treated with R011-1163.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictors of therapeutic benefit from amitriptyline in mild depression: a general practice placebo-controlled trial.

General practice depressives were treated for 6 weeks with amitriptyline or placebo in a controlled trial. Overall, drug was found strongly superior to placebo. Interactions were examined between drug effects and a number of variables, principally reflecting demographic characteristics, history of illness, severity of illness, and endogenous depression separately in symptoms and stress. Only in the area of severity were significant interactions found. Amitriptyline was superior to placebo in probable or definite major depression on the Research Diagnostic Criteria, but not in minor depression. It was also superior to placebo in subjects with initial scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale of 13-15, and 16 or more, but not with lower scores. Findings indicate that tricyclic antidepressants are of considerable benefit in relatively mild depressions, except in the mildest range.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Platelet MAO and amitriptyline treatment.

Some tricyclic antidepressants have been reported to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in vitro in addition to blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and/or serotonin. While the inhibition of MAO is reversible, platelet MAO activity in depressed patients responding to amitriptyline treatment has been reported to be reduced after drug treatment. In a reverse design, we measured platelet MAO activity and drug levels in patients chronically being treated with amitriptyline and again 2 and 4 weeks after stopping the medication. Although tricyclic drug concentrations were initially within the therapeutic range and undetectable on placebo treatment, platelet MAO activities were unchanged.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1982

Plasma levels, psychophysiological variables, and clinical response to amitriptyline.

Hamilton depression scale ratings and physiological measurements were made for 37 patients with primary depression before treatment with amitriptyline (150 mg/day) and again after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment; plasma drug levels were determined weekly. Improvement was maximal at mean amitriptyline + nortriptyline concentrations of 125-200 ng/ml (14 patients), while at lower levels the outcome was significantly poorer (12 patients). Highly variable results were seen in 11 patients with levels between 200 and 301 ng/ml, with lesser improvement occurring in those patients who exhibited poor habituation of the skin resistance response before treatment. Other psychophysiological variables showed significant changes during treatment, but no correlation with clinical results or drug levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of amitriptyline on endocrine responses to intravenous L-tryptophan.

The endocrine responses to the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) precursor, L-tryptophan, were assessed in 10 depressed patients before and after at least 4 weeks of treatment with amitriptyline. Overall, amitriptyline did not alter either prolactin or growth hormone responses to L-tryptophan. When three subjects with severe pretreatment weight loss were excluded, however, the remaining seven patients showed a significant increase in the prolactin response to L-tryptophan, consistent with other published studies. The findings suggest that severe recent weight loss may alter the effects of tricyclic antidepressants on 5HT-mediated prolactin release.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Identifying delirious states and autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction associated with amitriptyline treatment by standardized analysis of heart rate.

Ninety-one patients treated with amitriptyline and 60 normal control subjects underwent a standardized heart rate analysis in supine posture. Tests included the determination of time- and frequency-derived measurements of heart rate variability. The patients differed significantly from the control subjects in all parameters investigated. Two-thirds of the patients treated with a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) reached values that met the criteria for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Our results provide evidence that heart rate analysis might be a more sensitive tool in diagnosing amitriptyline-associated anticholinergic delirium than determination of TCA plasma levels. Further research is needed to elucidate what implications the TCA-associated alteration of autonomic cardiovascular function might have for patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Amitriptyline plus fluphenazine to prevent chemotherapy-induced emesis in cancer patients: a double-blind randomized cross-over study.

In a population of 51 ambulant cancer patients treated with doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy we conducted a double-blind cross-over randomized trial, comparing the anti-emetic efficacy of a combination of amitriptyline (25 mg p.o. q 6 hr X 4) and fluphenazine (2.5 mg p.o. q 6 hr X 4) (AF) with that of metoclopramide (20 mg q 6 hr X 4) (M). Thirty-three out of the 51 patients vomited less than six times during treatment with AF as opposed to 26/51 with M. This difference was not significant. However, 55% of patients preferred AF to M, compared to 30% with the reverse preference (P less than 0.1). The main side-effect was drowsiness, which patients reported significantly more frequently when on AF. With both anti-emetic regimens men vomited less frequently than women. The combination of amitriptyline and fluphenazine, though theoretically attractive, did not appear to be an effective anti-emetic regimen in the dose and schedule given.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A comparative study of the interactions of alcohol with amitriptyline, fluoxetine and placebo in normal subjects.

1. Twelve normal volunteer subjects were given amitriptyline, fluoxetine and placebo in clinically relevant doses, each for a period of 7 days. A minimum of 28 days intervened between each drug treatment. 2. A battery of physiological, psychomotor and subjective tests was administered before drugs and on days 4 and 8. 3. On day 8 a measured dose of alcohol was given and the tests repeated 1 hour and 3 hours later. 4. Before alcohol, little effect was shown on physiological or psychomotor activity. Subjective ratings indicated that amitriptyline was less-well tolerated than fluoxetine. 5. Significant differences were found for many measures after alcohol but there were few differences with respect to the drugs.

Alcohol Drinking↗