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Results for “AIR POLLUTION, RADIOACTIVE”

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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A factorization procedure for calculations of gamma exposure from radioactive clouds.

A procedure is proposed to factor the integrand in the expression for dose characteristics of gamma emission of radioactive clouds. This method permits a reduction of the multiplicity of the integration for conventional models with an arbitrary collocation of a source and a receptor. This can result in more economic numerical schemes for analyzing the consequences of radioactive releases into the atmosphere.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed2003

[Sources of natural and artificial radioactive contamination in the marine environment].

Sources of natural and artificial radioactive contamination in the marine environment. The Chernobyl accident produced the most severe contamination of Europe, still detectable in environmental samples, but many other sources of artificial and natural radioactivity have produced a considerable impact on the environment and a risk for the public health. In this paper a review of the most important events or industrial processes that produced contamination of the European seas is presented; moreover, attention is paid to the situation of the coastal marine environment in Italy as regards the artificial radioactivity and the human enhanced radioactivity produced by non nuclear plants.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed1969

Radionuclide concentrations in surface air: direct relationship to global fallout.

By relating the average monthly hemispheric concentrations of radionuclides in the suirface air to the monthly hemispheric fallout of these nuclides, we have derived proportionility constants. For every disintegration per minutte of a radioactive nutclide per 1000 cubic meters of the suirface air in the Northern Hemisphere, 3.3 kilocuirics of that nutclide will be deposited on the surface; in the Soluthern Hemisphere, 5.0 kilocutries will deposit for every disintegration per minutte per 1000 cuibic meters. Oni the basis of thlese factors, the global deposition of radionuclides can be estimated from a relatively small numbnber of measurements of the radioactivity in the surface air.

Air Pollution, Radioactive↗
PubMed1981

Particle clearance from the respiratory tract as a test of toxicity: effect of ozone on short and long term clearance.

The ability of the lung to mechanically remove inhaled deposited particles is an important mammalian defense mechanism that can be evaluated in the laboratory. Experiments that measure clearance kinetics have been performed by various investigators using human as well as large and small laboratory animals as subjects. Several agents have been shown to significantly alter clearance phenomena in the lung. This paper describes quantitative clearance experiments that used radioactive tracer particles to assess lung damages after exposure of rats to ozone, a photochemical air-pollutant gas. Radioactively labeled tracer microspheres were inhaled by groups of 30 rats prior to exposure to ozone. Ozone levels studied were 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0 ppm and all exposures were 4 hr in length. These exposures caused a delay in the early (0-50 hr postdeposition) clearance and an acceleration in the late (50-300 hr postdeposition) clearance rate of the tracer particles. Dose response curves show that clearance was affected more by the higher concentrations of ozone.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1990

[Pregnancy outcome in some Norwegian counties before and after the Chernobyl accident].

The outcome of pregnancies in six countries in Norway has been studied during 12 months prior and subsequent to the Chernobyl accident. The accident took place in a period with an annual increase of births of approximately 3%. However, the year after the accident a decrease of 0.7% was observed with particularly low numbers during February--April 1987. Concomitantly, the miscarriage fraction of all pregnancies increased by 16.3% and particularly during November 1986--January 1987. The same pattern was found when observations from Haukeland Hospital were analyzed separately. When the time of conception was taken into consideration we found that conceptions during the period May--July 1986 ended more often as miscarriages. We have no explanation of the observations. The external radiation exposure seems too small to have produced these effects. The internal radiation from food may have played a role. People may also have changed their food intake, using less vegetables, due to fear of these being polluted by radioactive fallout.

Accidents↗
PubMed1977

The study and control of environmental radioactivity and its relevance to the control of other environmental contaminants.

The history of radioactivity as an environmental contaminant is briefly traced. The basic principles concerning radiological protection and their application to the natural environment are reviewed. The relevance of these aspects of radiological protection philosophy and methodology to the control of other environmental contaminants is examined, especially the development and application of basic standards to waste disposal situations. It is concluded that many of the control procedures developed for radioactivity could be applied with advantage to other potential pollutants.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗