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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Working Group on Quality Issues.

Autism and the related pervasive developmental disorders are characterized by patterns of delay and deviance in the development of social, communicative, and cognitive skills, which arise in the first years of life. Although frequently associated with mental retardation, these conditions are distinctive in terms of their course and treatment. These conditions have a wide range of syndrome expression, and their management presents particular challenges for clinicians. Individuals with these conditions can present for clinical care at any point in development. The multiple developmental and behavioral problems associated with these conditions often require the care of multiple providers; coordination of services and advocacy for individuals and their families is important. Early, sustained intervention is indicated, as is the use of various treatment modalities (e.g., pharmacotherapy, special education, speech/communication therapy, and behavior modification).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in adolescents: prevalence measures and associations. The Odense Adolescence Cohort Study on Atopic Diseases and Dermatitis (TOACS).

The aims of this cross-sectional study were to establish the prevalence measures of contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in 8th grade schoolchildren (aged 12-16 years) in Odense, Denmark, and to examine the associations with atopic dermatitis, inhalant allergy and hand eczema. Contact allergy to a standard series allergen was found in 15.2% of schoolchildren. The point prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis was 0.7% and the lifetime prevalence 7.2%, predominantly in girls. The most common contact allergens were nickel (8.6%) and fragrance mix (1.8%). Nickel allergy was clinically relevant in 69% and fragrance allergy in 29% of cases. A significant association was found between contact allergy and hand eczema while no association was found between contact allergy and atopic dermatitis or inhalant allergy. In the future this cohort of schoolchildren will be followed with regard to the course and development of atopic diseases, hand eczema and contact dermatitis. Key words: school-

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of dietary self-efficacy and behavior among American-born and foreign-born Chinese adolescents residing in New York City and Chinese adolescents in Guangzhou, China.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of dietary self-efficacy and behavior among US-born, foreign-born Chinese-American, and native Chinese students. METHODS: The total number of subjects participated in the study was 239 from New York and Guangzhou, China. The research instrument was composed of demographic information, dietary behavior, and self-efficacy of dietary behavior. RESULTS: Results indicated that native Chinese students had the lowest scores in total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake followed by foreign-born and US-born Chinese-American students in that order. Native Chinese students also had the highest scores in complex carbohydrate and fiber intake as well as dietary self-efficacy followed by foreign-born and US-born Chinese-American students. In addition, self-efficacy was positively correlated with dietary behavior, and the age of immigration of foreign-born Chinese-American students was positively correlated with the scores of dietary behavior and self-efficacy of dietary behavior. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that environmental and cultural influences are important factors affecting dietary behavior and self-efficacy of dietary behavior among these students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Postural changes in blood pressure and pulse rate among black adolescents and white adolescents: the Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study.

Because studies have suggested a possible relation between vascular responsiveness to postural changes and risk of subsequent myocardial infarction, the reactivity of blood pressure and pulse rate to change from supine to standing positions was examined in 158 black males, 144 black females, 342 white males, and 272 white females aged 14-16 years. The study was part of the Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study and was conducted during October to December 1985. Two blood pressure readings and one pulse reading were taken after five minutes of supine rest, immediately upon standing, and five minutes after standing. After adjustment for body mass index, mean systolic blood pressure decreased, and fourth- and fifth-phase diastolic blood pressures and pulse rate increased from supine to standing positions in all race and sex groups. Black males had significantly larger changes in systolic pressure than did white males (-5.9 vs. -4.1 mmHg), and males had significantly larger changes in fourth- and fifth-phase diastolic pressures compared with females of the same race (fourth-phase diastolic pressure, 8.0 vs. 4.1 mmHg for blacks and 10.0 vs. 4.8 mmHg for whites). Fifth-phase diastolic pressure increased more than did fourth-phase diastolic pressure in all groups. No race or sex differences were seen for pulse changes. For all race-sex groups, decreases in systolic pressure were positively correlated with initial levels of supine systolic pressure, whereas increases in fourth- and fifth-phase diastolic pressures were negatively correlated with corresponding initial levels. Measurement of postural changes may provide a clinically simple and reproducible way of testing for abnormalities in blood pressure and may better discriminate those at high risk of hypertension and its cardiovascular complications than would the commonly used single-seated blood pressure measurement.

Adolescent↗