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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Treatment of L5178Y tumor-bearing BDF1 mice with a nonimmunogenic L-glutaminase-L-asparaginase.

An L-glutaminase-L-asparaginase from Achromobacter has been rendered nonimmunogenic by the covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to nonessential amine groups of the enzyme. PEG-L-glutaminase-L-asparaginase exhibits a greatly enhanced half-life in the bloodstream compared to the unmodified enzyme in normal mice, and is effective in prolonging the survival of BDF1 mice inoculated ip with L5178Y cells. PEG-L-glutaminase-L-asparaginase appears rapidly in the blood following ip injection.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of formate on the respiration of different microorganisms].

The cells of methylotrophic bacteria (Achromobacter parvulus 1, Pseudomonas methylica 2 and 20, Ps. fluorescens 45, Ps. oleovorans 52) and Candida methylica 101 grown in a medium with methanol take up oxygen in the presence of formiate. A. parvulus is most resistant to formiate (KM = 2.3 +/- 0.5) X 10(-3) M; Ki = 4 x 10(-1) M). When grown on Cn substrates, these microorganisms cannot oxidize formiate (with an exception of A. parvulus). Formiate also serves as a respiration substrate for E. coli K-12 and the purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris, disregarding the composition of a medium on which the cells are grown. When the cells cannot oxidize formiate, it inhibits the respiration of the cells and cell extracts in the presence of other substrates, including TMPD + ascorbate. The respiration is completely inhibited at a concentration of formiate of 10(-3)--10(-2) M. It follows therefore that formiate acts on the terminal cytochrome oxidase, regardless of whether it is cytochrome a or o.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1984

[Gaps in asepsis due to surgical caps, face masks, external surfaces of infusion bottles and sterile wrappers of disposable articles].

It is obvious that the surfaces of the boxes of sterile packed disposable instruments and infusion bottles are not sterile. The disposable surgical masks and surgical caps used for sterile clothing are delivered by the producers not sterile, either. To quantify these gaps and to judge their risks in the aseptic region the surfaces of 117 sterile packed disposable instruments and the inner sides of their boxes were examined bacteriologically. The surfaces of these objects proved to be not sterile by 21% and 4% were heavily contaminated with saprophytic germs. 3% of the examined articles showed pathogenic germs like Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter spec. 5-15% of the surfaces (glass- respectively plastic and labels) of the 331 infusion bottles proved to be heavily bacteriologically contaminated; 4-6% of them even showing pathogenic germs like Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Achromobacter spec. The surfaces of 25% of the examined disposable surgical masks and caps were considerably contaminated with saprophytic germs. Although pathogenic germs could not be detected, it means that these not sterile objects represent a considerable deficiency in surgical asepsis.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1982

Studies on pectolytic bacteria in water and bottom sediments of two lakes of different trophy.

Pectolytic bacteria were found in greater numbers in the eutrophic than in the mesotrophic lake. However, higher pectolytic activity was exhibited by the bacteria derived from the mesotrophic lake. In the eutrophic lake higher endo- and exo-PG activity was found in the benthic than in the panktonic bacteria, whereas in the mesotrophic one higher endo-PG activity was exhibited by the planktonic and higher exo-PG activity by the benthic bacteria. The polygalacturonases synthesized by the bacteria of the genera Achromobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, of the group Flavobacterium - Cytophaga and of the family Enterobacteriaceae were active in the pH range 6.0-9.0. The majority of tested strains showed maximum activity at a temperature of 30 degrees C.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1984

Chitynolytic bacteria in water and bottom sediments of two lakes of different trophy.

Chitynolytic bacteria were found in greater numbers in the eutrophic lake Jeziorak than in the mesotrophic lake Jasne. In both lakes higher chitynolytic activity was found in the planktonic than in the benthic bacteria. The capacity of chitin hydrolysis was found in bacteria of the genera Achromobacter, Bacillus, Nocardia, Pseudomonas, of the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga group and of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The chitinases synthesized by the studied bacteria were active in the pH range 5.0--8.0. The majority of the strains tested showed maximum activity at pH 5.0 or 6.0.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1980

[Two ways of formate oxidation in methylotrophic bacteria].

The cells of Achromobacter parvulus, strain 1T, when grown in a methanol-containing medium, have two formate dehydrogenases, i.e. NAD-linked formate dehydrogenase and the formate dehydrogenase reducing the ferricyanide and tetrazolia. Only the latter enzyme was found in the cells grown in a medium with glycerol as a carbon source. These enzymes differ with respect to Km for formate and antigenic specificity. Km for formate oxidation by the cells of A. parvulus is lower than for formate of the NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase and is equal to Km for the enzyme reducing artificial electron acceptors. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the existence of two cytochrome oxidase systems in the methylotrophic bacteria, differing in their sensitivities to the inhibition by formate.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory resistance of methylotrophic bacteria to formate and cyanide].

Whole cells and cell-free preparations of the methylotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. AM 1 and Achromobacter parvulus, can oxidize formate at tis concentration in the reaction medium up to 1 M. The respiration of whole cells is registered at a concentration of formate greater than 10(-2) M, while that of cell-free extracts at a formate concentration greater than 5 X 10(-5) M. This seems to be due to the presence of a permeability barrier in cells for formate. The oxidation of reduced TMPD and exogenous cytochrome c by the membrane preparations of the two bacteria is inhibited by formate and cyanide; Ki50% = 2.5 X 10(-2) and 10(-6) M, respectively. The oxidation of NADH by the membrane preparations of the bacteria is not inhibited by 1 M formate and 5 X 10(-4) M cyanide but is inhibited by formaldehyde with Ki50% = 3 X 10(-2) M. Formaldehyde has no effect on the oxidation of reduced TMPD and cytochrome c at concentrations greater than 2 X 10(-1) M. These data indicate that respiration of the studied methylotrophic bacteria in the presence of high formate concentrations should be attributed in the presence of a branched electron transport chain in them; one branch of the chain is resistant to formate and cyanide, but is sensitive to formaldehyde.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the biodegradation of nonionic surfactants applied in the polyester fiber industry. I. Activated sludge bacteria degrading the surfactants.

The paper presents characteristics of 76 strains of bacteria capable of utilizing nonionic surfactants Cirrasol FP, Cirrasol SF 200 and Cirrasol TCS as the source of carbon. The strains were isolated from two activated sludges adapted to the purification of wastes containing the above compounds at concentration 150--200 mg/l. The isolated strains belonged to the genera: Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Flavobacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas. With load 0.11 mg surfactant/mg d.w./day bacteria belonging to Alcaligenes were dominating. With load 0.18--0.31 mg surfactant/mg d.w./day microorganisms were dominated by Pseudomonas. The highest intensity of degradation of the studied surfactant was shown by species: Alcaligenes viscolactis, Nocardia blackwellii and Pseudomonas rathonis.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

[Study of the spermatic bacterial flora in infertile males (author's transl)].

Two groups of infertile males (65 and 132 patients) have been investigated in two different laboratories, with two different methods to obtain semen. The bacteriological results are quite similar in the two groups. The microorganisms which have been isolated are : beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, Proteus, Epidermidis staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacter, Viridans streptococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Neisseria, Escherichia coli, anaerobic Staphylococcus, anaerobic Streptococcus, anaerobic Corynebacter type IV. Fungus, Achromobacter, 20 p. cent of the patients are chronically infected without any clinical signs. This infection is probably of prostatic origin with an important number of bacteria in the semen (more than 3 000/ml). No relation has been shown between the bacteriological data and the physical and cytological characteristics of the sperm, except the pH : semens with a low pH are generally azoospermic and highly contaminated.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

[Comparison of sensitivity patterns of bacteria isolated from clinical materials to the 2d generation cephamycins and cephalosporins and clinical application of these antibiotics].

In vitro susceptibilities of 1478 strains of various pathogens isolated from clinical materials in 1981 to 23 antibiotics were studied using Showa disk diffusion test. Prevalence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics was evaluated. New cephem antibiotics such as cefmetazole (CMZ), cefoxitin (CFX) and cefotiam (CTM) had no increased activity over old cephalosporins such as cephalothin (CET) and cefazolin (CEZ) against Gram-positive cocci. However, all the new ones showed greater activities, broadened spectra, and/or both against Gram-negative bacilli, each offering unique advantages. S. aureus: Susceptible strains (MICs less than 15 micrograms/ml) to CET, CEZ, CTM, CFX and CMZ were 95%, 69%, 92%, 88% and 99%, respectively. Prevalence of resistance to CEZ was greater than to other cephalosporins, showing bimodal distribution of MICs. This may be due to more use of this drug in the past. Sensitive strains to benzylpenicillin (PCG), ampicillin (ABPC), sulbenicillin (SBPC) and piperacillin (PIPC) were 22 to 63%. A striking bimodal distribution of MICs of these penicillins was characteristic. Sensitive strains to various aminoglycosides and tetracyclines were 52 approximately 93% and 97 approximately 100%, respectively. S. pyogenes: 83 approximately 100% of strains were susceptible to various penicillins, CET and CEZ, whereas susceptible strains to CTM, CFX and CMZ were 66 approximately 90%. S. pneumoniae: Almost all strains (99%) were susceptible to PCG at the level less than 0.2 units/ml (0.12 microgram/ml). All strains were susceptible to various penicillins, cephalosporins, and cephamycins studied at the level less than 3 micrograms/ml. E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Proteus spp.: CTM, CFX and CMZ showed greater activity than CET and CEZ. Susceptible strains to the former antibiotics at the level less than 15 micrograms/ml were 93 approximately 94%, 82 approximately 95%, and 63 approximately 90%, respectively. Those to CET and CEZ were 61 approximately 83%, 85 approximately 92% and 53 approximately 58%, respectively. Among these cephalosporins, CMZ and CTM were the most effective, showing the least prevalence of resistance to these pathogens. H. influenzae: Susceptible strains (MICs less than 15 micrograms/ml) to ABPC, PIPC, CTM, CFX and CMZ were 80%, 81%, 84%, 55% and 71%, respectively. The majority of resistant strains to these beta-lactam antibiotics were sensitive to chloramphenicol, minocycline, doxycycline and erythromycin. P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens, E. aerogenes, Citrobacter and Achromobacter: CTM, CMZ and CFX were not effective against these pathogens.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

[Action of polycarbon compounds on the oxidation of methanol and other Cl compounds by methylotrophic bacteria].

Cells of the facultative methylotrophic bacteria Achromobacter parvulus 1T, Pseudomonas sp AM1, Ps. methylica 2K, Ps. methylica 20T, Ps. oleovorans 52Z, Ps. fluorescens 45K exhibit the ability to oxidize methanol only on the medium with methanol. At the growth of various methylotrophic bacteria on the media containing both methanol and succinate their ability to methanol oxidation is lost, and oxidation of formaldehyde and formate occur at a low rate. Glucose, citrate, acetate and glycerol produce no repressive effect on the ability of the cells to oxidize methanol and other C1-compounds.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1983

[Bacterial formate dehydrogenase. Substrate specificity and kinetic mechanism of S-formyl glutathione oxidation].

The substrate specificity of NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase from the methylotrophic bacterium Achromobacter parvulus T1 was studied. The kinetic mechanism of S-formyl glutathione oxidation was determined. The initial velocity studies and inhibition analysis were carried out. It was shown that the kinetic mechanism for the enzyme with S-formyl glutathione as a substrate is similar to that with formate and is rapid-equilibrium random. Using independent methods, it was found that formate dehydrogenase forms a binary complex with S-formyl glutathione (Kd = 2.5 mM).

Alcaligenes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microorganisms that break down alkyl sulfates].

The following bacteria assimilating alkyl sulphates as a sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from various substrates: Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Citrobacter, Enterobacter. The bacteria decomposed sodium dodecyl sulphate at a high rate, and some of them, industrial preparations of alkyl sulphates. The ability to assimilate alkyl sulphates was tested in 257 collection cultures belonging to different taxonomic groups. Alkyl sulphates were found to be decomposed by heterotrophous gram-negative rod-like bacteria belonging to different families and genera. The frequency of bacteria destroying alkyl sulphates at a high rate was found most often in the Pseudomonas genus.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of human excrement on the air flora in the vicinity of moving trains].

The use of train lavatories by the passengers during their journey was investigated. Selective samples in Petri dishes were exposed for 1 or 2 minutes at different times against the direction of train motion. The analysis showed that enterobacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella, coliform bacteria, Proteus) and chromogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) can be verified in addition to yeast fungi, mould, actinomyces and micrococci. The colony count obtained depends on the climatic conditions, the passenger frequency as well as the site and period of exposure. The "air tunnel" formed by the travelling trains must be looked upon as contaminated. I would be advisable for the trains to travel with the windows locked. The intestinal bacteria are little risk to the environment but definitely injurious to the passengers themselves.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1983

[Chronological variations in blood isolates and their susceptibility to various antibiotics].

Chronological variation in blood isolates obtained from 1968 to 1982 was studied. Escherichia coli was the most frequent isolates followed by Klebsiella species, glucose-non-fermentative Gram-negative rods (excluding Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Enterobacter-Serratia group, and Staphylococcus aureus. The isolation of glucose-non-fermentative Gram-negative rods, about half of which being Achromobacter xylosoxidans, increased greatly in number from 1980. A total of 113 strains of blood isolates was examined for susceptibility to various antibiotics. Although there was a significant increase in S. aureus resistant to GM, these strains were susceptible to cephalosporins. In the 9 strains of GM-resistant aerobic Gram-negative rods (2 strains of Klebsiella, 2 strains of Enterobacter, 4 strains of Serratia and 1 strain of P. aeruginosa), 3 strains of Serratia species were also resistant to AMK. Two strains of LCM-resistant Bacteroides fragilis were susceptible to LMOX, but 1 strain was not inhibited by 100 micrograms/ml of CFX. Among the clinical specimens, differences were found in the rate of isolation of resistant strains, particularly in the case of Serratia and P. aeruginosa. Antibiotic resistant strains were isolated more frequently from urine and the least frequently from sputum. Since the frequency of isolation of resistant strains varied according to organism, clinical material and year of isolation, microbiological laboratories should develop their own data base from which clinicians can make rational therapeutic decisions.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Lipolytic microorganisms in liver products].

Products from liver were studied for the content of lipolytic microorganisms during production and storage. Lipolytic microorganisms were found in all samples of the products. Their occurrence ranged from 10(4) to 10(7) organisms per g. In finished products and in products stored at a refrigerator temperature their numbers were much lower (10-10(4) per g). Some samples were free from them. The isolated colonies of lipolytic microorganisms were included in the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter. The acidity number was in correlation with the number of lipolytes in products before thermal processing and in stored products.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

[Study of the spermatic bacterial flora in infertile males (author's transl)].

Two groups of infertile males (65 and 132 patients) have been investigated in two different laboratories, with two different methods to obtain semen. The bacteriological results are quite similar in the two groups. The microorganisms which have been isolated are : beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, Proteus, Epidermidis staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacter, Viridans streptococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Neisseria, Escherichia coli, anaerobic Staphylococcus, anaerobic Streptococcus, anaerobic Corynebacter type IV, Fungus, Achromobacter. 20 p. cent of the patients are chronically infected without any clinical signs. This infection is probably of prostatic origin with an important number of bacteria in the semen (more than 3,000/ml). No relation has been shown between the bacteriological data and the physical and cytological characteristics of the sperm, except the pH : semens with a low pH are generally azoospermic and highly contaminated.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1981

[The identification of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria. Experiences with 676 apyocyaninogenic strains (author's transl)].

During a period of 16 months 1757 strains of nonfermentative gram-negative rods have been isolated from clinical material. Of the, 1205 (69%) were P. aeruginosa, 124 (10%) of which failed to produce pyocyanin. The apyocyaninogenic strains as well as the remaining 552 isolates were differentiated by steps according to a diagnostic scheme developed by us. For identification of species two or three steps were needed. By this procedure, 530 of the 552 strains could be assigned to nineteen species within the genera Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Agrobacterium and Acinetobacter. 17 strains could not be identified below the genus level, one strain belonged to CDC-group VE-2 and four strains were not identifiable. 72% of the 552 strains belonged to only four species: Pseudomonas putida, P. maltophilia, Acinetobacter lwoffii and A. anitratus.

Bacteria↗