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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Restriction and modification in Bacillus subtilis: identification of a gene in the temperate phage SP beta coding for a BsuR specific modification methyltransferase.

A gene coding for a modifying DNA-methyltransferase which methylates the central C in the BsuR recognition sequence 5'GGCC was identified in the genome of the temperature Bacillus subtilis phage SP beta. This gene is expressed only after induction of the prophage by either mitomycin C or UV. The presence of active methyltransferase in induced cells leads to modification of BsuR recognition sites in SP beta DNA as well as in heterologous DNA.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1985

Evolutionary adaptation of muscle power output to environmental temperature: force-velocity characteristics of skinned fibres isolated from antarctic, temperate and tropical marine fish.

Single fast fibres were isolated from the myotomal muscles of icefish (Chaenocephalus aceratus Lönnberg, Antarctica), North Sea Cod (Gadus morhua L.) and Pacific Blue Marlin (Makaira nigricans Wakiya, Hawaii). Fibres were chemically skinned with the non-ionic detergent Brij-58. Maximum tensions (Po, kN m-2) developed at the characteristic body temperature of each species are 231 for icefish (-1 degree C), 187 for cod (8 degrees C) and 156 for marlin (20 degrees C). At 0 degree C Po is 7 times higher for fibres from the icefish than from the marlin. Fibres from icefish and cod failed to relax completely following activations at temperatures above approximately 12 degrees C. The resultant post-contraction force is associated with a proportional increase in stiffness, suggesting the formation of a population of Ca-insensitive cross bridges. At 10 degrees C there is little interspecific variation in unloaded contraction velocity (Vmax) among the three species. Vmax (muscle lengths s-1) at normal body temperatures are 0.9 for icefish (-1 degree C), 1.0 for cod (8 degrees C) and 3.4 for marlin (20 degrees C). The force-velocity (P-V) relationship becomes progressively more curved with increasing temperature for all three species. Maximum power output for the fast muscle fibres from the Antarctic species at -1 degree C is around 60% of that of the tropical fish at 20 degrees C. Evolutionary temperature compensation of muscle power output appears largely to involve differences in the ability of cross bridges to generate force.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1982

Phenotypic variations in re-lysogenization of Bacillus licheniformis with temperate phage.

A bacitracin-producing strain Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 10716 harbors two types of inducible phages (LP52 and DLP 10716). 156 strains re-lysogenized with phage LP52 were independently isolated from a cured strain UM12 of B. licheniformis. Those strains were divided into 12 groups based on colony morphology and pigment production. Some of the re-lysogenized strains grew faster than UM12 and others produced more bacitracin than the cured strain. For example, the production of bacitracin by one of the re-lysogenized strains, L89, was enhanced by about 70% in comparison with UM12. The phenotypic variations observed with re-lysogenized strains might be due to the re-insertion of the phage genome at different sites of the chromosome in addition to the pleiotropic effect assumed.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1991

The bioclimate in temperate and northern cities.

Climate is a basic component of the human environment. Developments in building design and indoor climate control have contributed greatly to improving human health and comfort. By contrast, the possibilities for improving urban climatic conditions by deliberate planning have been poorly exploited. The structure and processes of the urban atmosphere in extratropical regions are briefly described. The impact of certain selected urban climates on human health is summarized. The need for relevant bioclimatological "design tools" for applications in urban planning is stressed, followed by a brief review of some recent work on human thermal comfort. It is argued that the modification of present day comfort criteria to reflect human adaptation to climate may be important for further improvements of indoor climate, as well as for deducing the emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1992

Cloning of the thymidylate synthetase gene (thyPIG 3) from the Bacillus subtilis temperate phage IG 3.

The thyPIG 3 gene from Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage IG 3 was cloned in the plasmid pHV 33. Two recombinant plasmids, pISL 61 and pISL 62 carrying that gene are effective in transforming to thymine prototrophy both Escherichia coli (by complementation) and B. subtilis (by complementation and recombination). The comparison of cloned fragment containing the thyPIG 3 gene and the thyP 3 gene from phage phi 3 T, by restriction analysis and DNA hybridization, suggests a strong homology between the two. The thyPIG 3 gene was mapped in this study in the central region of the IG 3 genome.

Bacillus Phages↗
PubMed1988

Isolation of "exotic" Bhanja virus (Bunyaviridae) from ticks in the temperate zone.

One strain of Bhanja virus was isolated from Dermacentor marginatus male ticks collected from sheep in Slovak Karst, eastern Czechoslovakia (48 degrees 31'N, 20 degrees 28'E). In addition, three strains of Brezová virus (subtype of Tribec orbivirus, Reoviridae) were isolated from Ixodes ricinus ticks. The result represents the northernmost isolation of Bhanja virus and, moreover, its first recovery from D. marginatus in Europe. Cross-neutralization plaque reduction test revealed antigenic similarity of the Czechoslovak strain to the south-European isolates of Bhanja virus, but a more distant relationship to virus strains isolated in Africa and Asia.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Different stability of posttranslationally modified brain microtubules isolated from cold-temperate fish.

Microtubule proteins were isolated by a temperature-dependent assembly-disassembly method from brain tissue of for cold-temperature fish; one fresh water fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and three marine fish (Labrus berggylta, Zoarces viviparus and Gadus morhua). The alpha-tubulins from all four fish species were acetylated. The alpha-tubulins from the marine fish were composed of a mixture of tyrosinated and detyrosinated tubulin, while the fresh water fish tubulin only reacted with an antibody against detyrosinated tubulin. The isolated microtubules had a similar MAP composition. A 400 kD protein and a MAP2-like protein were found, but MAP1 was missing. All microtubules disassembled upon cooling to 0 degrees C. In spite of these common characteristics, the assembly of microtubules from Labrus berggylta was inhibited by colchicine and calcium, in contrast to the assembly of microtubules from Oncorhynchus mykiss and Zoarces viviparus. For the latter, colchicine was not completely inhibitory even at a concentration as high as 1 mM, and calcium induced the formation of both loosely and densely coiled ribbons. The effects of calcium and colchicine on microtubules from Oncorhynchus mykiss and Zoarces viviparus were modulated by either fish or cow MAPs, indicating that the effects are due to intrinsic properties of the fish tubulins and not the MAPs. In view of these findings, our results suggest that there is no correlation between colchicine sensitivity, inability of calcium to inhibit microtubule assembly, and acetylation and detyrosination.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1995

Genetic basis of some morphological differences between temperate and equatorial populations of Drosophila melanogaster.

The genetic basis of three morphological traits (ovariole number, sternopleural bristle number and wing length) of Drosophila melanogaster has been investigated in natural populations that show great differences in these traits, i.e. Bordeaux (France) and Loua (Congo). F1 and F2 crosses, and chromosome substitutions between these two populations, were analysed. Maternal and/or X chromosome effects were found for sternopleural bristle number and wing length. For all traits, significant effects from each of the three chromosomes were found, but in general only one or two chromosomes had a major effect. Moreover, in all cases significant interactions between chromosomes were observed, suggesting the existence of epistatic effects. Our results are discussed and compared to those obtained from the analysis of selected laboratory strains.

Animals↗