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PubMed1985

[Epidemiologic study of malaria in the rice-growing regions of Yagoua and Maga (North Cameroon)].

The results of the malaria investigation carried out in April 1981 in the irrigated regions of the Logone Valley show that Plasmodium falciparum is the only species o. the genus Plasmodium to be found there. In terms of parasitaemia in blood, the prevalence of malaria is highest in the 5 to 9 year-old age group, whereas fluorescent antibodies are to be found progressively greater quantities as subjects grow older. From the age of 40, 95% of the inhabitants of the region present circulating antibodies in the blood. Plasmodial index of children from 2 to 9 years of age is equal to only 8.5% at the end of the dry season, whereas the spleen index, which is 34.8%, would suggest that malaria is meso-endemic in the region. With regard to the different sites studied, there is no significant difference in the values of the spleen or plasmodial indexes, either next to, or away from surface water. The malaria death rate is highest during the rainy months of August, September and October. The significant rise in the death rate during March corresponds to the concomitant rise in temperature. Entomological studies performed on the species of anophelines resting in the houses, which are gathered in the morning after a pulverization of insecticide, reveal that the dominant anopheline species in June is Anopheles gambiae, a species which, in the rainy season, abounds at water sites which are frequently temporary. On the other hand, in April, the dominant species is Anopheles funestus, which it would seem, develops easily during the dry season in those waterbodies which are artificially maintained all year round in the irrigated areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Preparation of hard crown and bridge resin without PMMA powder (II) (author's transl)].

It had been required to improve mechanical properties of hard crown and bridge resins. We had pointed out that mixing of PMMA powder with crosslinking agents for fablication of crown or bridges was not suitable to get better materials. Several trials were taken place to eliminate the PMMA powder. Hydrophobic colloidal silica was a good candidate to replace PMMA. But it is required to improve handling properties. A mixing of monomers, Bis-GMA and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and the silica was polymerized and pulverized and then the powder was applied for the fablication. The mechanical properties did not change as direct application of colloidal silica.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1988

[Transluminal coronary angioplasty. Ambitions and difficulties of the second generation].

Proposed in all functional forms of coronary heart disease and by gradually surmounting the obstacles of coronary arteriography, ballon catheter angioplasty, at the same time measures its limitations. These are recurring stenoses and failure of this procedure to cure chronic coronary occlusions, and they specifically characterize a method which, at the expense of unavoidable parietal lesions, does not eliminate the cause of the stenosis. It appears more desirable to remove atheromatous tissue by its extraction, vaporization or pulverization, to reinforce the wall of the coronary vessel, and these are the objectives of second-generation procedures. Development of angioscopy, lasers, atherotomies, and endoprostheses illustrates the vitality and the innovation present in invasive methods of cardiac therapeutic management. However, for the time being their clinical development of such procedures is incomplete and has not been sufficiently perfected. Future methods of angioplasty will be more satisfactory and have better control, but at present it is difficult to accurately predict the future aspects of such procedures.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1986

Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same patient contain common chromosomal alterations.

A cell line derived from the biopsy of a human hepatocellular carcinoma which retains the differentiated phenotype of the liver parenchymal cell is described. Comparison of the integration sites of hepatitis B virus within the cellular genome of the biopsy specimen and within the genome of the multiply-passaged cell line reveals five stable sites of viral integration in the host cell genome. Multiple chromosome abnormalities are found in this cell line, some in the same area of the genome in which abnormalities were found in other human hepatomas. Chromosomes obtained from the peripheral blood cultures of the same patient manifest multiple signs of chromosome instability including breaks, minutes, chromosome pulverization, and acentric fragments, some of which localize to the chromosomal sites involved in the abnormalities in the tumor cell line. Chromosomal instability and/or virus-induced chromosome damage as factors in the etiology of human hepatocellular carcinoma are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Combined and alternate control of Lymnaea truncatula Müller: comparative study of 3 technics for spreading of the molluscacide].

A combined control of Lymnaea truncatula with two applications of a 1-mg/l cupric chloride solution in April and the use of predatory snails in June eliminates the host snails in 77% of its sedimentary habitats in a single year. The better results were obtained with a first discharge of the toxic in the running water of the habitats, and with a further pulverization on emerged areas. A time of 6-12 h between the two applications increased the mortality rate for the L truncatula of winter generation. The increase of the toxic volume during the first application had little effect on the mortality increase.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Modified techniques for the isolation of Dermatophilus spp. from infected material.

Two improved techniques are described for the isolation of Dermatophilus spp. The first is suitable for samples of scab from lesions of the disease in animals, except for sheep affected with lumpy wool. The second is for the isolation of the organism from samples of lumpy wool in sheep. Both techniques are simple, rapid and reliable and are based on releasing the organism by pulverizing the scab and then by suppressing contaminants by including polymixin B sulphate in the medium. Excellent results are obtained with or without pre-incubation exposure to CO2.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1986

Protrusio acetabuli prosthetica.

Protrusio acetabuli prosthetica is a form of hip replacement failure in which intrapelvic component migration occurs. Three degrees of the entity are defined as determined by (1) prosthetic migration medial to the ilioischial line and (2) integrity of the medial acetabular wall. Entities predisposing to protrusio acetabuli prosthetica include overreaming, multiple pelvic perforations, osteopenic bone states, infection, trauma, heredity or acquired bone deficiency states, overactivity, and hypertrophic membrane formation. Treatment of the condition is contingent upon (1) reestablishment of the radiographically determined anatomic position of the acetabulum and (2) construction of a medial prosthetic or biologic buttress. Recent techniques of biologic medial-wall formation utilize either allograft or autograft bone in one of three configurations--bulk, chipped or pulverized. In cases of severe intrapelvic hip protrusion, resection arthroplasty may be the only alternative.

Acetabulum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[ABO determination of chewing gum residues].

Tracing for ABH-Antigens on Chewing Gum 14 different chewing gum-brands were examined for their quality as trace carriers. Our examinations of freshly chewed gums resulted in distinction of ABH-antigens without greater difficulties by using absorption/elution and absorption/inhibition techniques. A simple method was developed to pulverize chewing gum for elution of the antigens.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1987

Work-in-progress #1. The lithotriptor and its potential use in the revision of total hip arthroplasty.

Revision total hip arthroplasty, particularly femoral component replacement, has proved extremely difficult and has met with frequent complications. Despite a variety of devices and techniques that have been developed to facilitate removal of the femoral stem, the procedure remains difficult. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a new technique initially created to pulverize renal stones by means of repetitive shock waves delivered to a discrete area. It was felt that perhaps this technique might also be utilized to facilitate the removal of the femoral component and cement from the femoral canal in revision total hip arthroplasty. Using bone cement, cadaveric canine femora were implanted with stainless steel rods placed within the medullary canal. The implanted femora were treated with ESWL, sectioned, and examined, using scanning electron microscopy. Microfracturing of the cement and a disruption of the cement/bone interface were seen in the treated specimens. ESWL has the potential to be used prior to revision total hip arthroplasty to facilitate cement and component removal, although there are several questions that need to be answered prior to considering its clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Food allergy challenges: guidelines and implications.

Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges were used to determine the presence or absence of food hypersensitivity in 120 children with atopic dermatitis. Foods to be challenged were selected on the basis of history, allergy skin tests, nutritional significance, and patient desires. Dehydrated foods were hidden in capsules or juice and administered twice a day. Antigens were obtained commercially or prepared through a process of freeze-drying and subsequent pulverization. Cutaneous, gastrointestinal, nasal, and/or respiratory symptoms occurred following 133 challenges. Although patients exhibited multiple positive skin tests to foods, 86% experienced a positive response on blinded challenge to only one or two foods. Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges accurately diagnose food hypersensitivity and minimize the number of foods eliminated from allergy avoidance diets. A new method of elimination diet management and education is based on the identification of "key words" on food labels. Instructional diet sheets were developed to teach this concept, which was found to promote greater confidence, compliance, and creativity in diet planning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Hypercalciuria and renal stones in a sarcoidosis patient treated by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.

A case of chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis and hypercalciuria complicated by bilateral renal stones is reported. Urinary stones were pulverized by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) as the patient had declined any surgical procedure. The use of ESWL in conjunction with corticosteroids appears to be the treatment of choice in the management of renal stones secondary to abnormalities of calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of a modeling system for S-phase estimation in breast cancer by flow cytometry.

Using software programs provided by Coulter Electronics, we have developed an analysis system that would address problems encountered in DNA flow cytometric analysis of heterogeneous solid tumor populations, especially where the G2-M phase of the diploid population contaminates the S-phase of the aneuploid population, causing an overestimation of cells in S phase. We used the PARA 1 and PARA 2 programs in concert and developed three analysis models: (a) for euploid tumors; (b) for hyperdiploid tumors with overlapping populations; and (c) for near-diploid aneuploid tumors. Our purpose in this paper is to determine the limits and reproducibility of this analysis system with an emphasis on tumors with overlapping populations. Aliquots of frozen, pulverized breast tumor tissue (50 to 100 mg), routinely used in the steroid receptor assay, were used for routine flow cytometric measurement of the DNA index and S-phase fraction. To determine the accuracy of the analysis when overlapping populations were present, we mixed an aneuploid breast cancer cell line with human blood lymphocytes in varying ratios. A 10% mixture of aneuploid cells, the lowest mixture tested, still allowed analysis results within 95% confidence limits. Reproducibility of the system was assessed on frozen breast tumor tissue by intra- and interassay variation studies measuring cell cycle parameters and coefficient of variation of the G0-G1 peak width. Within any sample the amount of variation (+/- 2 SD) for the G0-G1 value was +/- 4.40 for intraassay and +/- 4.60 for interassay, and the amount of variation for S phase was +/- 3.0 and +/- 3.2 for intraassay and interassay, respectively. There was no difference in the variation of estimates for G2-M (+/- 2.6 for both intra- and interassay). In this study, the coefficient of variation of the G0-G1 peak greater than 5% was defined as unacceptable for accurate analysis, with the conclusion that S-phase fractions in aneuploid tumors can be routinely analyzed in human breast tumor biopsies despite tumor cell heterogeneity.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chromosomal changes associated with resistance to doxorubicin: correlation with tumorigenicity.

Chromosome analysis was performed on Friend leukemia cells sensitive and resistant to doxorubicin. With increasing levels of resistance, increased numbers, of metacentric chromosomes and several chromosomal markers were observed. When sensitive cells were exposed to a toxic dose of doxorubicin, multiple chromosomal breaks were observed in 62% of cells. In contrast, when doxorubicin resistant cells were exposed to cytotoxic concentrations, the pulverization phenomenon was not observed. This striking difference suggests a different mechanism for cytotoxicity in sensitive and resistant cells. Moreover, when logarithmically growing cells were grafted subcutaneously in DBA2 mice, the tumorigenic property was related to the level of doxorubicin resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Efficacy of disinfectants in contamination of eggs].

Good hygiene practices are essential in livestock production. Likewise hygienic production and storage of hatching eggs contribute to improve hatchability and to obtain healthier fowls. This study was designed to compare three methods of disinfection commonly used in poultry houses: fumigation with formaldehyde, pulverization of an iodophore and synthetic phenols. By washing eggs in sterile bags to determine the bacterial contamination on shells, the best results were obtained with formaldehyde, and the smallest bacterial decrease with the iodophore.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Proteolytic enzymes: potential allergens for the skin and respiratory tract?].

Proteolytic enzymes of animal, bacterial, mould or plant origin are used in many industrial processes, e.g. in the detergent, food and pharmaceutical industries as well as in medicine. The allergenic potency of these enzymes should not be underestimated, for they cause, in particular, IgE-mediated respiratory allergies. The risk of sensitization to enzymes due to inhalation as a result of occupational exposure is very high (up to 50%), and therapeutic applications are also not without risk. Therefore, the utmost care should be taken in the production and handling of pulverized enzymes and their inhalation should be avoided. Papain and Bromelain are used as tenderizers of meat and to clarify beer. Therefore, these enzymes are also potential ingestive allergens and may represent an unrecognized cause of an allergic reaction following a meal. As contact allergens the enzymes play a minor role; biodetergents in particular present no increased risk of skin damage for the user.

Allergens↗
PubMed1985

[Dissolution processes and surface changes. 3. Determination of the surface with the BET process].

Two methods are demonstrated for the determination of the surfaces of solid substances by the BET-method. Using a newly constructed apparatus substances with high specific surfaces can be determined by the two-point-method with a good precision. For the determination of pulverous drugs we used the one-point-method proposed by Haul and Dümbgen [2] improving it in calibration und practicability.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine I. Induction of chromosome aberrations and mitotic anomalies in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Cultured chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were exposed to different concentrations of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) for either 24 hr or 6 days. For cytological consequences of MNNG exposure, CHO cells were treated for 24 hr and allowed a 24 hr recovery period prior to analysis; for the estimation of cytotoxicity of MNNG, cells were treated for 6 days followed by a 6 day recovery period. The cytotoxic effect of MNNG based on the colony-forming ability of treated cells showed a semi-logarithmic decrease in the number of colonies formed with an increase in MNNG concentration. The data on the cytological effect of MNNG on CHO cells demonstrate that the chemical causes both structural and numerical chromosomal anomalies and that the incidence of each aberration type is influenced by MNNG concentration. Karyomorphological analysis of CHO cells treated for 24 hr and fixed after four cell cycles showed a varied chromosome constitution ranging from 18 to 54. Chromosomal structural changes arising from breaks and/or exchanges were of chromatid types. Distribution of breaks along the length of the chromosomes and among chromosomes showed that no chromosome segment or chromosome was preferentially susceptible to the clastogenic effect of MNNG. MNNG-induced chromosomal rearrangements, such as ring configurations, exchanges, and dicentrics, exceeded such cytological errors as fragments and pulverizations. In a descending order of magnitude the induced structural rearrangements were ring chromosomes, triradials, quadriradials, and dicentrics.

Animals↗