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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Computed tomographic angiography in stroke imaging: fundamental principles, pathologic findings, and common pitfalls.

The development of multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) now permits visualization of the entire vascular tree that is relevant for the management of stroke within 15 seconds. Advances in MDCT have brought computed tomography angiography (CTA) to the frontline in evaluation of stroke. CTA is a rapid and noninvasive modality for evaluating the neurovasculature. This article describes the role of CTA in the management of stroke. Fundamentals of contrast delivery, common pathologic findings, artifacts, and pitfalls in CTA interpretation are discussed.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Digital photography in anatomical pathology.

Digital imaging has made major inroads into the routine practice of anatomical pathology and replaces photographic prints and Kodachromes for reporting and conference purposes. More advanced systems coupled to computers allow greater versatility and speed of turnaround as well as lower costs of incorporating macroscopic and microscopic pictures into pathology reports and publications. Digital images allow transmission to remote sites via the Internet for consultation, quality assurance and educational purposes, and can be stored on and disseminated by CD-ROM. Total slide digitisation is now a reality and will replace glass slides to a large extent. Three-dimensional images of gross specimens can be assembled and posted on websites for interactive educational programmes. There are also applications in research, allowing more objective and automated quantitation of a variety of morphological and immunohistological parameters. Early reports indicate that medical vision systems are a reality and can provide for automated computer-generated histopathological diagnosis and quality assurance.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Intravascular ultrasound imaging: in vitro validation and pathologic correlation.

Intravascular ultrasound imaging is a new method in which high resolution images of the arterial wall are obtained with use of a catheter placed within an artery. An in vitro Plexiglas well model was used to validate measurements of the luminal area, and an excellent correlation was obtained. One hundred thirty segments of fresh peripheral arteries underwent ultrasound imaging and the findings were compared with the corresponding histopathologic sections. Luminal areas determined with ultrasound imaging correlated well with those calculated from microscopic slides (r = 0.98). Three patterns were identified on the ultrasound images: 1) distinct interface between media and adventitia, 2) indistinct interface between media and adventitia but different echo density layers, and 3) diffuse homogeneous appearance. The types of patterns depended on the relative composition of the media and adventitia. Calcification of intimal plaque obscured underlying structures. Atherosclerotic plaque was readily visualized but could not always be differentiated from the underlying media.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Imaging of vascular pathology in hyperhomocysteinemic patients with digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance techniques.

Mild hyperhomocysteinaemia (mHH) is an independent risk factor for premature arteriosclerosis. We investigated the accuracy in the detection of early arteriosclerotic lesions in such patients. The left and right wall of the abdominal aorta, the aortic bifurcation and both common iliac arteries were evaluated with gated T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (gT1 MRI) and gated two-dimensional (2D) time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (g2D-TOF MRA) and were compared with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (iaDSA) in 11 patients with arteriosclerosis and mHH. Six patients showed arteriosclerosis in one or more of the total number of 55 studied arterial segments with iaDSA. Thirty-two of 37 normal and 12 of 18 stenotic segments with gT1 MRI, and 29 normal and 6 stenotic segments with g2D-TOF MRA, were correctly classified. Sensitivity of gT1 MRI and g2D-TOF MRA versus iaDSA was 67 and 33 %, the specificity was 86 and 78 % and the accuracy was 80 and 64 %, respectively. We conclude that arteriosclerosis in patients with mHH is a regular finding, and gT1 MRI in such patients is an acceptable technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Image processing in pathology. IV. Internal structure of mitochondria.

For extensive recording of mitochondrial membrane lengths hitherto statistical methods were applied which only provide mean values. Conventional measurements of the lengths by means of curvimetry or by intersection counts are required for estimating size distributions and secondary parameters. The former method requires expenditure in time, the latter yields only very rough values for single organelles. Automatic image processing is a possible way to obtain more informations. A method for an automatic definition of the internal mitochondria structure is given in this paper and preliminary results are discussed.

Computers↗
PubMed2005

Tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract: imaging features with pathological correlation.

The prevalence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has been increasing over the past decade, due to the rising number of people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the development of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The genitourinary tract is the most common site of extrapulmonary TB. Diagnosis is often difficult because TB has a variety of clinical and radiological findings. It can mimic numerous other disease entities. A high level of clinical suspicion and familiarity with various radiological manifestations of TB allow early diagnosis and timely initiation of proper management. This pictorial essay illustrates the spectrum of imaging features of TB affecting the kidney, ureter, bladder, and the female and male genital tracts.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗
PubMed1999

Magnetic resonance imaging in ocular pathology.

MRI has become a major diagnostic tool in ophthalmology for evaluation of ocular pathology. There is excellent delineation of anatomy of the ocular globe with MRI, and specific characteristics of derangement of anatomy by pathological processes are well delineated by MRI. Optimum MRI technique for evaluation of ocular pathology were discussed. Various entities of the ocular globe where MRI is useful in the detection and estimation of the extent of the pathological process and their specific MRI characteristics were discussed, including retinoblastoma, ROP, PHPV, uveal melanoma, choroidal hemangioma, and simulating lesions.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed2003

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the extremities: MR imaging findings with pathologic correlation.

We report the MRI findings of three cases of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) of the extremities with correlation of the pathologic findings. The IPEH is a non-neoplastic reactive lesion within the vessels and is commonly associated with thrombi. Signal intensity of the IPEH is complex due to the thrombi and the PEH itself. The thrombi are characterized by a slightly hyperintense signal on T1- and T2-weighted images compared with that of muscle when it comes at the medium stage of hemorrhage. Papillary endothelial hyperplastic tissue appears either as iso- or hyperintense to the muscle on T2- and T1-weighted images and shows variable enhancement on Gd-DTPA-enhanced images.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The limitations of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of pathologic vertebral fractures.

Magnetic resonance imaging has been increasingly used in recent years to screen patients with suspected spinal metastases. The authors present four cases, all of whom were elderly patients with vertebral compression fractures, who were diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging to have probable neoplastic involvement. In each case, vertebral body biopsies indicated a benign pathology. The authors discuss the diagnostic criteria of magnetic resonance imaging of spinal metastases and the limitations of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of pathologic vertebral fractures.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Comparative study of 201Tl-scintigraphic image and myocardial pathologic findings in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

The objective of the present study was to characterize the production of 201Tl myocardial perfusion defects, the relation between the 201Tl multiple small defects and the myocardial damage indicated by myocardial fibrosis shown histopathologically in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Rest 201Tl scintigraphy was performed in thirty-seven patients with myocardial tissue fibrosis by endomyocardial biopsy, and without stenosis of the coronary artery. 201Tl myocardial SPECT images were visually classified into 4 grades according to the severity of inhomogeneous perfusion defects (IPD), 0: none, 1: slight, 2: moderate, 3: severe. 201Tl uptake, defect regions (DR), and coefficient of variation % (CV%) were also quantified by Bull's eye quantification in nineteen patients. During cardiac catheterization, three biopsy specimens were obtained from the lateral wall to the apical region of the left ventricle and the amount of fibrosis was assessed by means of light microscopic morphometry. The myocardial fibrosis was also classified into 4 grades by a point-counting method. Autopsy study was also assessed in six patients. 201Tl perfusion defects were observed in 35 (94.6%) patients, of whom 29 (78.4%) showed inhomogeneous perfusion defects. Twenty-four (64.9%) showed Stage 0 and 201Tl findings, and 21 (62.2%) had myocardial fibrosis in stage 1. Clinically, the correlation between the grades of the IPD, % 201Tl uptake, DR and CV% of myocardial uptake, which were calculated semiquantitatively by Bull's eye image, and the histological grades of fibrosis were also good (IPD vs. fibrosis: r = 0.7014; % 201Tl uptake vs. fibrosis: r = -0.6542; DR vs. fibrosis: r = 0.7027; CV% vs. fibrosis: r = 0.6985). The 201Tl SPECT findings were in close agreement with the severity of myocardial fibrosis confirmed by autopsy, but the grading of the IPD was not related to the ejection fraction or left ventricular diameter. It showed a higher rate of inhomogeneous 201Tl myocardial perfusion defects (78.4%) in patients with DCM. This result may contribute to the clinical evaluation of DCM or differentiation from other diseases. Furthermore, the grading of 201Tl inhomogeneous perfusion defects related to the myocardial fibrosis of left ventricular myocardium may contribute to speculation of the myocardial degenerative stage in clinical settings.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

An image analysis workstation for the pathology laboratory.

Computer-based image analysis (IA) is a technology gaining importance in diagnostic pathology. Applications of IA in pathology include DNA ploidy analysis, quantitative immunohistochemistry, three-dimensional reconstruction of tissue sections, motility studies, and chromosomal analysis. Morphometry, the quantitative measurement of size, shape, and textural features of cells and tissues, is another rapidly developing area of IA in pathology. Morphometric IA allows the objective evaluation of subtle histologic and cytologic features to yield useful diagnostic and prognostic information. Research is currently underway to develop diagnostically useful applications of morphometric IA. Several image analysis workstations designed for the pathology laboratory are currently available. However, the high cost and software inflexibility of these instruments are prohibitive to many potential users limiting the practicality of IA and hindering research. We present a relatively inexpensive pathology IA workstation assembled from commercially available hardware and software components. System features and basic image processing methods are described. A variety of practical applications for the surgical pathology laboratory are illustrated, including spatial measurements of tumors, nerve and muscle biopsy evaluation, and nuclear morphometry for classification of lymphoid effusions and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1990

Radiologic imaging of intradural pathology.

Neuroimaging entails knowing both which modality to use and when in the sequence of clinical evaluation to use a particular modality. This article review the role, both diagnostic and prognostic, of neuroimaging in the various categories of intradural spinal disease and presents the spectrum of neuroimaging modalities.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed2003

Virtopsy, a new imaging horizon in forensic pathology: virtual autopsy by postmortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)--a feasibility study.

Using postmortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 40 forensic cases were examined and findings were verified by subsequent autopsy. Results were classified as follows: (I) cause of death, (II) relevant traumatological and pathological findings, (III) vital reactions, (IV) reconstruction of injuries, (V) visualization. In these 40 forensic cases, 47 partly combined causes of death were diagnosed at autopsy, 26 (55%) causes of death were found independently using only radiological image data. Radiology was superior to autopsy in revealing certain cases of cranial, skeletal, or tissue trauma. Some forensic vital reactions were diagnosed equally well or better using MSCT/MRI. Radiological imaging techniques are particularly beneficial for reconstruction and visualization of forensic cases, including the opportunity to use the data for expert witness reports, teaching, quality control, and telemedical consultation. These preliminary results, based on the concept of "virtopsy," are promising enough to introduce and evaluate these radiological techniques in forensic medicine.

Adolescent↗