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Models based on weather for the development phases of the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus L.

The epidemiology of tick-transmitted disease cannot be understood until those factors considered important to the life-cycle of the tick are properly investigated. Existing experimental results on the development of different stages of the tick life-cycle have been examined with a view to obtaining biological development rates for the purpose of predicting development under field conditions where temperature fluctuates. Field studies carried out in Ireland have enabled the predicted development times to be compared with those observed for several stages of the tick life-cycle. It is hoped that the models presented will clarify the importance or otherwise of climate to tick development and explore the potential of formulating a successful prediction system for tick activity. Ultimately such a system should aid control of tick-transmitted diseases.

Animals↗

A weather-based prediction model for the life-cycle of the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus L.

The incidence of sheep tick activity depends not only on the climatic conditions within the tick habitat, but also on the rates of fecundity, development, activity, engorgement and mortality of each stage of the life-cycle. Use of existing experimental results on the effect of these factors enables a model of the life-cycle to be formulated for the purpose of predicting the occurrence of tick activity in the field where climatic conditions vary. The components of such a model are described and the predicted results compared with field studies carried out in Ireland. It is hoped that the model presented will show the potential of formulating a system for predicting tick activity. Such a system could be used to enhance the control of tick-transmitted diseases.

Animals↗

Weather and the incidence of urinary stone colic.

There were 204 patients in one specific district with renal colic who were studied to determine the relationship of the condition to climatic conditions. It was found that stones were prone to cause colic on warm days when air pressure was falling.

Air Pressure↗