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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Investigation of color vision using a web-based color vision test].

BACKGROUND: Screening tests of visual functions using the Internet are theoretically possible. To use these tests as a screening test, they must deliver comparable results with conventional test procedures. A web-based color vision test was developed based on pseudoisochromatic color plates. METHOD: The web-based color vision test was developed according to the pseudoisochromatic color plates by Velhagen and Broschmann using the programming-languages HTML, Java, and Perl. Sixty-five voluntary subjects, including nine color-deficient subjects, were examined by luminescence color plates (via web-based color vision test) and pigment color plates (via book). The statistical analysis was performed by determining the correspondence and the 95%-confidence interval. RESULTS: The correspondence of the test results for all subjects was 0.98 and the 95%-confidence interval was within 0.91 and 0.99. The correspondence of the test results in the group of color-deficient subjects was 1.0 and because of the limited number the 95%-confidence interval was within 0.71 and 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: The web-based color vision test with luminescence color plates for color-efficient and color-deficient subjects delivers test results comparable to pigment color plates under standardized examination conditions. Further studies are needed to examine if the web-based color vision test can also be used as an Internet screening test.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

MaryPODS revisited: updated crash analysis and implications for screening program implementation.

PROBLEM: Due to the relative scarcity of crashes, there has consistently been a problem with analyses that use crashes as a criterion measure in their analyses. METHOD: Previous analyses of the relationships between functional capacity measures and at-fault crash involvement for older drivers as reported in the NHTSA Model Driver Screening and Evaluation Program Final Technical Report have been updated to include one additional year of driving experience. Eighteen new at-fault crashes involving drivers who previously had no crash involvement were recorded for the Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration (MVA) test sample during this interval. The method of odds ratio (OR) calculation was used to examine the relationships between functional status predictors and the most salient among the safety outcome measures identified in the Maryland research. Peak valid OR values for the prior and current analyses were contrasted, and the stability of candidate pass-fail cut-points for each predictor relative to values identified in the Final Technical Report was examined. RESULTS: Results indicate that the predictive value of functional tests appears to decrease over time, particularly for the perceptual-cognitive measures. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The impact of these findings on programs and policies is to underscore a need for periodic reevaluation, spaced at the shortest practical intervals but not more than 2 years apart, in order for functional capacity screening to be applied effectively by licensing authorities, health care professionals, and others to reduce personal risk and enhance public safety.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

Screening for amblyogenic factors in preschool children with the retinomax hand-held refractor: do positive children have amblyopia and is treatment efficacious?

PURPOSE: To determine the visual acuity (VA) in a group of preschool children who were true positives for refractive screening (positive group) in order to compare it with the VA of a sample of children without any refractive anomaly (control group); also, to investigate if true-positive treated children can achieve the VA of the control group within what delay. METHODS: Fifty seven children without any refractive anomaly were tested with the VA child chart if the Nidek SCP 670 projector; 47 children presenting with the refractive anomalies were tested with the same chart. A Kruskal Wallis exact test for singly ordered tables were used to compare VA between those groups and a non-parametric Wilcoxon test for paired samples was used to compare pre- and post-treatment VA in 27 children of the positive group. The mean time necessary to achieve the post-treatment VA was calculated. RESULTS: Median VA: 20/20 in the control group, 20/33 in the positive group. The VA difference between the two pre- and post-treatment VA are highly significant. Among the 27 treated children, pre-treatment median VA was 20/50, post-treatment 20/20. The differences between the pre- and post-treatment VA was 9 months. CONCLUSION: The positive group had a significantly lower VA than the control group. In the treated group, treatment initiated at a mean age of 4 years resulted in an increase in VA to that of the control group after an average time of 9 months, encouraging early screening and treatment before VA is measureable in order to shorten this delay.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1998

[A simplified screening test for the identification of individuals with diminished vision in developing countries].

Simple but effective tests have been produced for screening subjects with low vision in developing countries. These tests of distance and near vision, based on the E test, were evaluated and validated in trials with people aged 4-90 years, and have been field tested in the health, education and rehabilitation services in 32 developing countries. Their sensitivity and specificity as screening tools for low vision have been calculated: sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 96% for the distance vision test, and sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 84% for the near vision test. The content and format of the tests have been demonstrated to be appropriate for developing countries, and their effectiveness for screening for low vision has been confirmed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Visual acuity, color vision, and visual search performance at sea.

Visual acuity and color vision were tested during a search and rescue exercise at sea. Fifty-seven watchkeepers searched for orange and yellow life rafts during daylight and for lighted and unlighted life rafts at night with night vision goggles. There were 588 individual watches of one hour each. Measures of wind, waves, and weather were used as covariates. Daytime percentage detection was positively correlated with low-contrast visual acuity and negatively correlated with error scores on Dvorine pseudoisochromatic plates and the Farnsworth color test. Performance was better during the first half-hour of the watch. Efficiency calculations show that color vision selective screening at one standard deviation above the mean would increase daylight search performance by 10% and that one standard deviation visual acuity selection screening would increase performance by 12%. There was no relationship between either acuity or color vision and life raft detection using night vision goggles.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1983

Visual display units.

The suggestion that cataracts or other organic damage can result from exposure to radiation from visual display units (VDUs) is not supported by the best currently available epidemiological and experimental evidence. Eyestrain is common among VDU operators but is usually due to factors in the office environment, rather than defects in vision. Visual screening tests for operators should be simple, and tests for extraocular muscle balance and colour vision are not recommended.

Cataract↗