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PubMed2000

Antibacterial effect of silver-zeolite on oral bacteria under anaerobic conditions.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of silver-zeolite (SZ) against oral bacteria under anaerobic conditions. METHODS: The antibacterial activity of SZ was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using two-fold serial dilutions of SZ in Brain Heart Infusion broth. Release of Ag+ into the broth was measured by an atomic absorption technique. RESULTS: SZ inhibited the growth of the bacteria tested under anaerobic conditions. The MIC of SZ ranged between 256 and 2048 micrograms/ml, which corresponded to a range of 4.8-38.4 micrograms/ml of Ag+. All strains grew in broth containing 16,384 micrograms/ml of type-A zeolite. SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggested that SZ may be a useful vehicle to provide antibacterial activity to dental materials used even under anaerobic conditions such as deep in the periodontal pocket.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed2003

Expression of endothelins and their receptors in cells from human periodontal tissues.

OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the presence of ET-1 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with periodontitis, and the expression of endothelins (ETs) and their receptors mRNA in cultured cells from human periodontal tissues. BACKGROUND: ET was originally discovered as a potent vasoconstrictive peptide from endothelial cells. It has been reported that ETs are produced by various cells besides endothelial cells. ETs are related to inflammatory and sclerotic lesions, such as arteriolosclerosis and hepatic cirrhosis. Therefore, ETs may be involved in periodontal disease. However, the roles of ETs in development and progression of periodontal disease are not clear. METHODS: ET-1 released from the cultured cells was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA expressions for ETs and their receptors were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blotting analysis. RESULTS: ET-1 levels in GCF from patients with periodontitis were higher than those from healthy subjects. Human gingival keratinocytes (HGK) expressed mRNA for ETs and their receptors, ET-Ar and ET-Br. ET-1 mRNA expression and ET-1 peptide production from HGK were enhanced by interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ET-1 plays a significant role in periodontal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of the erythropoietic progenitor cells (BFU-E) in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH).

In order to investigate erythropoiesis in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH), the relative proportions of complement-mediated lysed erythroblasts in individual bursts of two cases of PNH were analysed by a modified complement lysis sensitivity test using the trypan blue dye exclusion method. All bursts contained both complement-sensitive and complement-insensitive erythroblasts and the ratio between them varied from burst to burst. The means +/- SD of the haemolytic percentages of individual bursts in cases 1 and 2 were 30.9 +/- 10.8% (n = 20, ranging from 13.2% to 52.8%) and 54.8 +/- 16.4% (n = 31, ranging from 26.4% to 82.5%), respectively. In addition, the cumulative frequency distributions of the proportions of complement-mediated lysed erythroblasts in individual bursts approached normal frequency distributions. These results suggest that two red cell populations with different susceptibilities to complement in PNH are derived from a single population of erythropoietic progenitor cells rather than a dual population of normal and PNH erythropoietic progenitor cells.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1974

Production of flavine-adenine dinucleotide from riboflavine by a mutant of Sarcina lutea.

A study was made to develop a new method for the production of flavine-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) from riboflavine and adenine by a mutant of Sarcina lutea deficient in the enzyme adenosine deaminase. It was found that this strain could convert exogenously supplemented riboflavine to extracellular FAD. The yields of FAD were increased by addition of D-cycloserine in the culture medium. The culture conditions for FAD production were investigated under the addition of D-cycloserine, and increased production of FAD was observed with the addition of an appropriate amount of thiamine, acetate, and sodium ion. The yield of 0.7 g/liter was obtained in the optimal culture in 5 days. Accumulated FAD was readily isolated by adsorption chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography in a 70% yield.

Acetates↗
PubMed2003

Results of cadaver kidney transplantation with right renal vein extension.

INTRODUCTION: Several methods to lengthen the renal vein of the allografts have been proposed in order to secure the surgeon's field of vision and to allow appropriate positioning of the graft. However, its safety and complications have not been clarified. Furthermore, its long- and short-term results have not been investigated. Therefore, we studied the results of this operative procedure to confirm the safety of the technique. METHODS: The right renal vein extension was utilized when the donated right kidney from a cadaver donor had sufficient length of the inferior vena cava wall. The results of 10 patients who received kidney transplantation with renal vein extension were examined. RESULTS: None of the patients had vascular complications. The transplanted kidney functioned in all patients; 3- and 5-year graft survival was 100 and 75.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirmed that this technique was safe and without complications and did not affect the long- and short- term results of patients who received cadaver kidneys. Therefore, we conclude that it is appropriate to adapt this technique when the physician judges the long renal vein suitable for the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Hemoglobin Pitié-Salpétrière [beta 34 (B16) Val-->Phe] showing erythrocytosis and mild hemolysis in a Japanese man.

We report the first case of Hemoglobin Pitié-Salpétrière (Hb P-S) identified among the Japanese population. The patient was a 33-year-old man referred to us because of severe erythrocytosis and mild hemolysis. DEAE high-performance liquid chromatography showed an abnormal broad peak around Hb A2 peak. Isoelectrofocusing detected abnormal Hb at the position of the Hb F band, and the content of abnormal Hb was estimated at about 25%. An instability test according to the isopropanol precipitation method was positive, and the beta/alpha ratio of biosynthesized globin was slightly reduced. Structural analyses demonstrated the substitution of phenylalanine for valine at beta 34, which was also confirmed by DNA sequencing; that is a single base substitution of GTC-->TTC at codon 34 of beta chain. From these findings, the abnormal Hb was identified as being a high-oxygen-affinity variant, Hb P-S (beta 34 [B16] Val-->Phe). Hb P-S was detected in the patient's mother but not in his father, suggesting that the inheritance pattern is autosomal dominant. It was suggested that the slightly unstable state of Hb P-S caused by the looseness of alpha 1 beta 1 contact could result in mild hemolysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Complications of endocardial biopsy in heart transplant patients].

Despite the increasing use of alternative techniques, endomyocardial biopsy remains the primary method for diagnosing cardiac allograft rejection. Between March 1986 and May 1994, 2,894 endomyocardial biopsies performed on 183 heart transplant patients were reviewed. A total of 53 (1.8%) complications occurred. 33 (1.1%) complications were associated with the introduction, including carotid puncture (0.9%), neurological reaction (0.1%), and pneumothorax (0.1%). Complications during biopsy included arrhythmias (0.4%) and ventricular perforation (0.2%). In addition, we observed three episodes of allergic reaction to a reusable biotome, three episodes of liver biopsy, and one case of pacemaker dislodgement. All complications were without significant long-term sequelae. In contrast to the cardiomyopathy population, no severe ventricular perforations or deaths occurred. Thus although endomyocardial biopsy has some risk, it continues to be a safe and effective way of monitoring rejection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Simplified cosmid vectors for gene transfer to cultured mammalian cells: isolation of the gene for elongation factor 2 from the mouse.

We constructed a series of cosmid vectors that carry two tandemly arranged lambda cos and mammalian selective markers. We achieved cloning efficiencies of 1-3 x 10(7) and greater than 10(6) colony-forming units per microgram of insert, using a cloned 42-kb BamHI fragment and Sau3AI fragments of 40-50 kb from mouse genomic DNA, respectively. The modified Ca.phosphate coprecipitation method [Ishiura et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 2 (1982) 607-616] considerably improved the efficiency of gene transfer of cosmids into cultured mammalian cells: when genes encoding thymidine kinase from herpes simplex virus type 1 and aminoglycoside 3'-phosphoribosyltransferase from Tn5 were selected, the efficiencies of gene transfer into mouse L cells were about 10(-6). The mouse genome contains one copy of the functional gene for elongation factor 2 (EF2) per haploid genome and multiple copies of the EF2-related gene. We isolated a cosmid that carried functional full-length mouse EF2 from a cosmid library of L-cell genomic DNA, by colony hybridization and subsequent gene transfer of candidate cosmids into human 143B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Detection of subclinical disorders of the hypopharynx and larynx by gastrointestinal endoscopy.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: It is believed that blind introduction of an endoscope into the esophagus causes less patient discomfort. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and usefulness of endoscopic screening of the hypopharyngeal and laryngeal regions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1623 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for gastrointestinal disease between 1987 and 1992 had the instrument introduced under visual guidance, and were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: We found 15 pathological conditions in the throat (0.92%): two small cancers (0.12%), one advanced cancer (0.06%), two hypopharyngeal polyps (0.12%), one cyst (0.06%), and eight cases of lymphoid hyperplasia (0.49%) in the hypopharyngeal region. A large Zenker's diverticulum was detected in one patient (0.06%). All of these cases could have been overlooked if the instrument had been passed blindly through the throat. CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, the procedure of screening the hypopharyngeal and laryngeal region is justified to detect earlystage disease in these regions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Urinary continence following radical prostatectomy.

An examination was made of pre- and postoperative variables for predicting urinary continence following radical prostatectomy in 94 consecutive patients. Postoperative recovery of urinary continence continued for up to 18 months, when it plateaued. No pads were required in 73.0% of the patients at 18 months. The interval until recovery of urinary continence following surgery averaged 4.0 +/- 3.3 months. Clinical stage, pathologic stage, tumor grade, tumor volume, preservation of neurovascular bundles, methods of bladder neck reconstruction, internal urethrotomy for anastomotic stricture and postoperative adjuvant external beam radiation therapy provided no indication of postoperative urinary incontinence. Preoperative endocrine therapy, preoperative prostate-specific antigen level of > or = 10.0 ng/ml and age < 70 years at the time of surgery were all associated with a greater probability of urinary incontinence. Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of postprostatectomy urinary incontinence. In patients who had undergone surgery because of local progression following endocrine therapy associated with a high serum prostate-specific antigen level, a significantly inferior outcome was noted. Stricter criteria for indicating radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer are needed. Surgical techniques should also be improved for better overall continence.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Serum osteoprotegerin levels and the extent of vascular calcification in haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein that inhibits osteoclast differentiation and activity. OPG-deficient mice develop severe osteoporosis and medial arterial calcification. The expression of OPG is detected in early atherosclerotic lesions in non-uraemic patients. We examined whether serum OPG is associated with aortic calcification in haemodialysis patients. METHODS: Serum OPG was measured in 102 patients who were undergoing haemodialysis. The aortic calcification index (ACI) was assessed by computed tomography scans. RESULTS: Serum OPG level, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was significantly greater in patients with higher ACI than in those with lower ACI. There was a direct relationship between ACI and serum OPG levels and a positive association between OPG and ACI (r = 0.483, P<0.0001). Multiple regression analyses indicated that serum OPG levels were independently associated with the severity of aortic calcification (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that serum OPG levels are associated with the extent of vascular calcification, suggesting that OPG may be involved in the development of vascular calcification in haemodialysis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Association of the longevity-associated mitochondrial DNA 5178 A/C polymorphism with serum protein fraction levels in healthy Japanese women.

Mitochondrial DNA 5178 adenine/cytosine (mt5178 A/C) polymorphism was reported to be associated with longevity and susceptibility to adult-onset diseases in Japanese. To examine whether mt5178 A/C genotypes are associated with serum protein fraction profiles, we genotyped 461 healthy Japanese individuals, and studied the relationship of mt5178 A/C genotypes to both proportion and levels of serum protein fraction. The mt5178 A/C was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The alpha-1, alpha-2, and beta globulin proportions in females carrying mt5178A were significantly higher than those in females carrying mt5178C (P=0.002, 0.006, and 0.008, respectively). Moreover, the alpha-1, alpha-2, and beta globulin levels in females carrying mt5178A were significantly higher than those in females carrying mt5178C (P=0.001, 0.002, 0.018, respectively). This difference in globulin fraction level between the two genotypes was more evident in premenopausal females than in postmenopausal females. However, no such difference was found in males. These results provide the first evidence that the mt5178 A/C polymorphism may influence the serum protein fraction levels of the healthy Japanese women.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Characterization of defective simian virus 40 DNA: comparison between large-plaque and small-plaque types.

We characterized defective DNA molecules of large-plaque and small-plaque SV40 produced and accumulated during serial undiluted passages. The electron microscope heteroduplex method revealed that defective SV40 DNA contains deletions, insertions and substitutions. The majority of the large-plaque defective molecules had a simple deletion. The deletions were heterogeneous in size, and the sites of deletion appeared to be mostly overlapping. The majority of the small-plaque defective molecules had a deletion, and more than half of the deletion molecules also had an insertion at a separate site. The small-plaque SV40 genome appeared to have more sites for deletion to occur than large-plaque SV40, and the deletions have occurred at more than two sites. The change of a local nucleo tide sequence resulting from mutation may be related to the difference between the two plaque types.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed2004

Gene expression profiling identifies platelet-derived growth factor as a diagnostic molecular marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Cancer diagnostics and therapeutics are often based on clinically relevant markers that are expressed specifically in a malignant tissue at levels higher than in normal tissue. We examined potential markers for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by monitoring PTC-specific gene expression using cDNA microarray. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Gene expression profiles for PTC tissue, normal thyroid tissue, and healthy peripheral blood cells were compared by use of a human 4000-gene cDNA microarray. Protein expressions of the up-regulated genes in PTC were examined in thyroid tissues by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Sixty-four genes were overexpressed in PTC tissue relative to normal thyroid tissue and healthy peripheral blood cells. The genes that were up-regulated in PTC were involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, angiogenesis, and oncogenesis. Among these genes, basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor were identified by immunochemical methods as proteins that are specifically expressed at high levels in thyroid neoplasms. Basic fibroblast growth factor, which has been identified as a biomarker for PTC, was overexpressed in 54% of PTC cases, 67% of follicular thyroid carcinomas, and 36% of benign thyroid neoplasms. Platelet-derived growth factor was overexpressed in 81% of PTC cases and 100% of follicular carcinomas, but was immunonegative in normal thyroid tissues and benign thyroid neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS: Platelet-derived growth factor may be a potential biomarker for PTC and follicular carcinoma. Expression profile analysis using a microarray followed by immunohistochemical study can be used to facilitate the development of molecular biomarkers for cancer.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed2000

The quantitative analysis of three action modes of volatile anesthetics on purple membrane.

We quantitatively assessed the spectroscopic changes of purple membrane in relation to the concentrations of a volatile anesthetic. As reported previously, volatile anesthetics show three modes of action on purple membrane. By using an anesthetic for which the concentration in solution could be determined spectroscopically and by applying modified analytical methods regarding the M-intermediate lifetime, we were able to clarify the quantitative relation between anesthetic concentration and each mode of action, a relation which in the past has only been described qualitatively. We also determined through the measurement of transient pH changes with pyranine that the proton pump efficiency per photochemical cycle in an action mode induced with low concentrations of anesthetic does not change from that of the native state. Moreover, we dynamically obtained the individual M-bacteriorhodopsin difference spectrum of each state at room temperature using our flash photolysis system equipped with a wavelength-tunable dye laser. These results demonstrated again that we should clearly distinguish different action modes of anesthetics according to their concentrations.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed2001

Monozygotic twins incompletely concordant for narcolepsy.

BACKGROUND: Among 15 monozygotic twin pairs described in the literature, only four pairs were considered to be concordant. There is no detailed report of HLA-DRB1*1501/DQB1*0602 positive monozygotic twins concordant for narcolepsy, with marked difference in the age of onset. METHODS: We compared a pair of female narcoleptic twins clinically. RESULTS: Diagnosis of narcolepsy and monozygosity of the twins were confirmed. The second-born twin demonstrated a typical course of narcolepsy, whereas the first-born twin had a very late onset of recurrent daytime sleep episodes at age 45 and cataplexy at age 50 years, which was apparently triggered by chronic emotional stresses and sleep insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS: The atypical course of narcolepsy in the first-born twin supports the multifactorial model for the development of narcolepsy. It was noted that cataplexy was preceded by sustained polyphasic sleep conditions. Our observation implies that the unaffected co-twins in discordant pairs could develop narcolepsy in stressful situations later in their lives.

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System↗
PubMed1989

Experimental replacement of the cervical esophagus in rats with a jejunal free transplantation.

Hypopharynx and cervical-esophageal reconstruction after malignant-lesion removal has been a challenging problem for head and neck surgeons. The reconstructive technique has been developed over the years through several ingenious methods of replacement. As a result of recent refinements in microvascular anastomosis techniques, many studies concerning one-stage, immediate cervical-esophagus reconstruction have been reported. An experimental study on esophageal reconstruction has been developed using a free intestinal transplantation in two distinct strains of rats. One of the groups consisted of a heterogeneous population of Wistar rats and the other an inbred Lewis strain. In our study the Wistar group reacted as in allograft transplantations and developed an immunological rejection process. The Lewis strain reacted according to isogenic transplantations. The surviving rats were killed and microscopical studies of the reconstructed esophagus were performed. This study is a low-cost, practical experimental model to achieve a better knowledge of the behavior of the transplanted organs.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[A case of intraoperative pulmonary embolism associated with lupus anticoagulant].

A 51-yr-old woman developed pulmonary embolism while undergoing surgery for breast cancer with Auchincloss method. General anesthesia was maintained with propofol and fentanyl. The course of anesthesia and operation were uneventful until the skin was sutured, when unexplained severe circulatory collapse developed. A widely dissociated EtCO2-PaCO2 suggested pulmonary embolism. The pulmonary circulation was restored 10 minutes after the start of heparin therapy, and the intravenous heparin administration was continued. The patient was extubated uneventfully 24 hours postoperatively. Lung perfusion scintigrams showed defect in right lower lungs (S 6, S 9). Venograms of the lower extremity disclosed thrombosis of the right popliteal vein. Furthermore, lupus anticoagulant was noted in the serum. Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome often develop pulmonary complications including pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension. Intra-operative pulmonary embolism associated with lupus anticoagulant is a rare case.

Anesthesia, General↗