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OBJECTIVE: To describe tuberculosis of the intercostal lymph nodes and discuss its clinical and cytologic profile and pathogenesis. STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen cases from March 1994 to March 2000 were retrieved from our cytology records. Only clinically and therapeutically proven cases were included in the study. RESULTS: The ages of the patients ranged from 4 to 63 years. The male:female ratio was 2:1. The duration of disease at presentation ranged from one week to nine months. The lumps presented either in the parasternal region or between the midclavicular and posterior axillary lines. One case presented with an infrascapular lump. Most of the lumps were ill defined and cystic. Chest radiographs in all cases showed a soft tissue swelling without bony involvement. The aspirates were of two types, blood-mixed particles and necrotic material. Four cytologic pictures were seen: (1) epithelioid cell granulomas alone or (2) with necrosis or (3) with both necrosis and acid-fast bacilli (AFB), or (4) necrosis with AFB. AFB were detected in 53.3% of cases. CONCLUSION: If necrotic material is aspirated or if granulomatous inflammation is encountered in soft tissue swellings of the chest wall, particularly in the parasternal and axillary regions, the possibility of intercostal tuberculous lymphadenitis should be considered.