Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Tranexamic Acid”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Amyloid beta peptides stimulate tissue-type plasminogen activator but not recombinant prourokinase.

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and prourokinase (rscu-PA) have been tested with respect to the influence of amyloid beta peptides on plasminogen activation which was monitored by cleavage of the chromogenic plasmin substrate S-2251. It was shown that rt-PA is stimulated by amyloid beta peptides at concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml in contrast to prourokinase, which does not alter its catalytic properties in presence of amyloid beta peptides. The stimulation of rt-PA can be inhibited by tranexamic acid indicating a molecular mode of stimulation similar to the fibrin mediated stimulation of rt-PA.

Amyloid beta-Peptides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hereditary angioedema: an appraisal of 104 cases.

One hundred and four patients affected by hereditary angioedema belonging to 31 families have been studied. Twenty-two percent had the variant form related to the deficiency of the functional activity of serum C1 esterase inhibitor. The remaining 78% of patients had the predominant form, characterized by low antigenic levels and low functional activity of serum C1 esterase inhibitor. Attacks of swelling affected the subcutaneous tissue in 86% of patients; the upper airways in 76% of patients, and the bowel mucose in 75% of patients. Before treatment was available the mortality rate was 56%. One or more attacks a month were present in 46% of cases. The infusion of C1 inhibitor concentrate promptly reversed 14 severe attacks without any side effect. Twenty-nine patients were given long term prophylactic treatment with androgen derivatives with full success. Tranexamic acid reduced the frequency of swelling of 70% of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Haemostatic management of intraoral bleeding in patients with von Willebrand disease.

OBJECTIVES: To develop plans for the haemostatic management of intraoral bleeding in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven episodes of haemostatic management of intraoral bleeding in 19 VWD patients were analysed retrospectively based on the medical records. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: When performing tooth extractions in patients with type 1 or 2A VWD [responsive to 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP)], 0.35-0.4 microg kg(-1) of DDAVP should be administered intravenously at three times. In patients with type 2A VWD (unresponsive to DDAVP) or patients with type 2B or 2N VWD, 50-90 U [as ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCof)] kg(-1) of a factor VIII concentrate containing von Willebrand factor (FVIII/VWF concentrate) should be administered twice in routine extractions, and four to six times in surgical extractions. Gingival bleeding related to primary teeth can be mostly managed by pressure haemostasis alone. However, when treating gingival bleeding caused by marginal periodontitis, it is often necessary to administer 0.4 microg kg(-1) of DDAVP or 40-70 U (as VWF:RCof) kg(-1) of a FVIII/VWF concentrate. As local haemostasis is difficult to achieve in bleeding from the tongue or labial or mandibular haematoma, it is necessary to administer 0.4 microg kg(-1) of DDAVP or 60-80 U (as VWF:RCof) kg(-1) of a FVIII/VWF concentrate. In addition, oral administration of 20 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of tranexamic acid should be combined with the regimens described above.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products in menstrual blood from women with normal and excessive menstrual losses.

Fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products, FDP, in menstrual blood during the first three days of menstrual blood during the first three days of menstruation have been investigated. Two groups of women were studied, those with normal menstrual blood loss (15 women, mean loss 30 ml, range 8-60 ml) and those with menorrhagia (14 women, mean loss 222 ml, range 107-729 ml). The following results were obtained: 1). The FDP concentrations decreased during menstruation in both groups. 2). The FDP concentrations in the two were compared for each day of the menstrual period. No differences were found between the two groups. A possible explanation of the results is given: there is a higher rate of coagulation and fibrinolysis in the endometrium of women with menorrhagia compared with women with normal blood losses. The hypothesis is supported by results of studies in which tranexamic is supported by results of studies in which tranexamic acid, an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, was given to reduce the menstrual blood loss. 3). The FDP excretion patterns differed from women to women. There were no consistent differences between the menorrhagic and the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A life-threatening event: uterine cervical arteriovenous malformation.

BACKGROUND: Uterine cervical arteriovenous malformation is a rare cause of vaginal bleeding. CASE: A 32-year-old multigravida presented with severe vaginal bleeding originating in the cervix, which resulted in a hypovolemic shock. Attempts to control the bleeding included hysterectomy, pelvic arterial embolization, and upper vaginectomy. Each proved unsuccessful. Histopathologic examination revealed an arteriovenous malformation. Despite local packing, suturing of the vault area, and brachytherapy to the vaginal vault, bleeding persisted. Treatment with GnRH agonist and tranexamic acid stopped the bleeding. CONCLUSION: Severe vaginal bleeding can be the result of cervical arteriovenous malformation, and GnRH agonist may be used for treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of advanced breast cancer with chemotherapeutics and inhibition of coagulation and fibrinolysis.

A case of advanced breast cancer with cerebral metastasis and pleurisy is reported in which irradiation and cytostatics had failed to retard progressive growth and spread of the tumour. Adjuvant therapy with heparin combined with the fibrinolytic inhibitor tranexamic acid was followed by regression of the cerebral metastasis as well as the pleurisy. When last seen one year later, the patient was free from symptoms.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2005

[Bernard-Soulier syndrome during pregnancy: a case report].

The Bernard-Soulier syndrome (B-S s.) is rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder. It is characterized by prolonged bleeding time, fail to agglutinate with ristocetin and a normal to decreased number of unusually large platelets whose membrane lack glycoproteins complex GP Ib/IX/V. The manifestation of the disease may differ in consecutive pregnancies of the same patient. Presently we describe 24 years old white women diagnosed with B-S s. at the age of 22. Two years later she become pregnant. During the pregnancy platelet counts ranged from 26 x 10(9)/1 to 51 x 10(9)/1, without sings of bleeding. Because of the risk of immunization against GP Ib/IX, with might lead to severe isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia, 4 times during pregnancy she had done MAIPA-test (monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens). Specific antibodies were not detected. Subsequent ultrasounds with biophysical profile revealed normal fetus growth. Spontaneous labour in 38th week of gestation. The use of single-donor platelets, intravenous desmopressin and tranexamic acid was found to be useful in controlling postpartum vaginal bleeding in the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

BACKGROUND: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is the major cause of heavy menstrual bleeding and impacts on women's health both medically and socially. OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the management of DUB. DISCUSSION: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is defined as heavy menstrual uterine bleeding not due to any recognisable cause and is therefore a diagnosis of exclusion. Other conditions such as uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps and systemic diseases should be excluded by appropriate investigations. In the adolescent, investigations for a coagulopathy should be performed. The pathophysiology of DUB is largely unknown but occurs in both ovulatory and anovulatory menstrual cycles. Medical treatments include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or antiprostaglandins, tranexamic acid, the progestogen releasing intrauterine device, combined oral contraceptive pills, and other hormonal therapies. As no medical treatment is superior to another, each woman should be individually assessed as to appropriate management. Surgical treatments include endometrial ablation and hysterectomy.

Antifibrinolytic Agents↗
PubMed1996

Oral surgery in anticoagulated patients without reducing the dose of oral anticoagulant: a prospective randomized study.

PURPOSE: This study assessed the risk associated with several schedules of perioperative treatment with coumadin in anticoagulated patients who underwent oral surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized study compared bleeding complications with six perioperative schedules in 92 patients chronically treated with acenocoumarol. In three of the perioperative schedules, the dose was reduced before surgery and calcium heparin was added. In the other three, oral anticoagulation was not modified and heparin was not used. The groups also differed regarding the antifibrinolytic agents used and the postoperative measures applied. RESULTS: Those schedules in which the oral anticoagulation was not modified preoperatively and an antifibrinolytic agent was applied locally both during and after surgery were not associated with a significantly higher odds ratio of bleeding complications than those in whom oral anticoagulation was reduced and calcium heparin was added preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: In orally anticoagulated patients who undergo oral surgery, schedules that maintain the oral anticoagulant regimen and use local tranexamic acid as an antifibrinolytic agent postoperatively for 2 days are safe, simple, and less troublesome.

Acenocoumarol↗
PubMed2000

Recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven) continuous infusion and total hip replacement in patients with haemophilia and high titre of inhibitors to FVIII: experience of two cases.

In this report we describe our experience of total hip replacement in two patients with severe haemophilia A and high titres of inhibitors to FVIII. We used rFVIIa replacement therapy by continuous infusion to perform the surgery. The total amount of rFVIIa used in these two patients was very similar but the manner of administration was quite different. In our experience, it is an advantage to use a higher dose for shorter periods than a lower dose for a longer treatment period. Tranexamic acid by continuous infusion, and parallel saline infusion were useful for good haemostasis and avoided local thrombophlebitis in the side of rFVIIa infusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hypofibrinogenemia due to increased fibrinolysis in two patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Two patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and severe bleeding associated with hypofibrinogenemia were studied. The markedly shortened whole blood clot lysis time and dilute clot lysis time suggested that the defect was an increase in fibrinolysis. Although disseminated intravascular coagulation could not be totally excluded as an alternative mechanism, excessive fibrinolysis was confirmed as the pathogenic cause by the prompt response to the administration of tranexamic acid. The low circulating plasminogen, alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor level and the presence of alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor-protease complex in both patients suggested that the increased fibrinolysis probably resulted from the liberation of plasminogen activator from the promyelocyte.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The effect of antifibrinolysis on renal stone formation.

The influence of decreased urinary fibrinolysis on renal stone formation was studied in rats fed on a calculus producing diet. The alteration in the isolated glomerular fibrinolytic activity indicating the amount of urokinase produced has also been investigated using a histochemical fibrin slide technique. The glomerular fibrinolytic activity was significantly enhanced by both tranexamic acid and the dietary treatment. The induced antifibrinolysis resulted in a significantly higher incidence of grossly visible calculi in the renal pelvis and in calcified deposits along the cortico-medullary border of the kidney. The results support the concept that a decline in urinary fibrinolytic activity can lead to the formation of renal stones.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Assay of functional plasminogen in rat plasma applicable to experimental studies of thrombolysis.

An improved sensitive, specific, precise and accurate assay of plasminogen in rat plasma was developed. It is performed in 96-well microtiter plates and can be completed within one hour. The assay is based on activation of plasminogen by human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and simultaneous measurement of generated plasmin with the specific plasmin substrate H-D-Val-Phe-Lys-4-nitroanilide (S-2390), using purified native rat plasminogen for calibration. The concentration of S-2390 in the final reaction mixture during the whole reaction period is much greater than the Km value (approximately 20 microM) for rat plasmin-cleavage of S-2390 ensuring that hydrolysis of substrate follows zero order kinetics and that the substrate produces a 20-35 fold decrease in rate of inhibition of plasmin by its target inhibitors in plasma. Analogous to the human system the target plasma inhibitors of rat plasmin are shown to be plasmin inhibitor and alpha-macroglobulins. Tranexamic acid (0.8 mM) is incorporated in the reaction mixture resulting in a 19-fold increase in the rate of plasminogen activation and presumably an about 50-fold decrease in the rate of inhibition of generated plasmin by plasmin inhibitor. The assay is suitable for accurate measurement of plasminogen in samples obtained from animals containing pharmacological concentrations of uPA or tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in their plasma when in vitro plasminogen activation is blocked at pH 5 by collecting blood in acidic anticoagulant. Judged from in vitro experiments formation of catalytic active plasmin-alpha-macroglobulin complexes during massive activation of plasminogen in vivo does not interfere with the assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Alveolitis after operative removal of third molars in the mandible.

The aim of the investigation was to assess the importance of various factors in the aetiology of alveolitis sicca dolorosa. Two hundren partially erupted or totally impacted mandibular third molars were surgically removed. The patients were divided into four groups. The patients in group 1 were premedicated with a single dose of penicillin-V (phenoxymethylpenicillin), those in group 2 with an antisialogogue (methylscopolamine nitrate), and those in group 3 with an antifibrinolytic agent (tranexamic acid). Group 4 were non-premedicated controls. The frequency of alveolitis in the groups 1 and 2 was significantly less than in the groups 3 and 4. This indicates the importance of salivary contamination of the surgical field and of infection as aetiologic factors in alveolitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Management of anticoagulation in patients with prosthetic heart valves undergoing oral and maxillofacial operations.

There is wide variation in the management of patients with mechanical prosthetic valves who are taking anticoagulants and who require non-cardiac surgery. In this paper, we outline a pragmatic, practical approach to the adjustment of anticoagulation in relation to both the degrees of surgical trauma during oral and maxillofacial surgery and the risk of thromboembolism associated with the prosthetic valve. For minor surgery, no adjustment of anticoagulation is undertaken if the International Normalized Ratio is less than 4.0, if local haemostatic methods and tranexamic acid mouthwashes are used. For major surgery, warfarin is stopped preoperatively and low-molecular-weight heparin is used. For emergency surgery, partial reversal of anticoagulation with low-dose parenteral vitamin K is obtained.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

[Pulmonary embolism (PE) associated with urological surgery and angiography].

As a result of the Westernization of life style in Japan, the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) has been increasing, mainly after surgery and vessel catheterization. We encountered 4 cases of PE associated with urological surgery and angiography during the 3 and half years since 1995; one occurred after nephrouretectomy, one after TUR-P, and two after abdominal angiography. Three patients recovered from PE, but the other is still on a respirator. As risk factors of PE, 3 patients were over 60 years old, one was obese, two had hypertension, and one had atrial fibrillation (Af). Three patients were given tranexamic acid (AMCA). Prophylactic procedures against PE, such as intermittent compression devices for the lower extremities and low-molecule heparinization, are recommended for high-risk patients. AMCA should be used with care in patients who undergo surgery and angiography.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Puerperal acquired factor VIII inhibitor causing a von Willebrand-like syndrome in a patient with anti-DNA antibodies.

A 30-year-old Malay lady, with no previous or family history of bleeding, presented with severe gum bleeding 25 days post-partum. The factor VIII:c was 0.03 iu/ml with evidence of a slow-acting factor VIII inhibitor. Von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:age) varied from less that 0.05 to 0.17 iu/ml, and there was absent ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. Anti-nuclear and anti-DNA antibodies were present, but there were no other features of systemic lupus erythematosus. There was some clinical response to cryoprecipitate and tranexamic acid, and slight improvement with corticosteroid. Fifteen months later, the patient has no active bleeding problem, and her VWF-ag is increasing spontaneously. However, factor VIII:c is less than 0.01 iu/ml and her factor VIII inhibitor titre is still > 20 Bethesda units/ml.

Adult↗