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PubMed1991

Third molar eruption among rural Nigerians.

Times of eruption of third molars were studied in rural Nigerian adolescents--125 males and 133 females. Results of this study showed that the average age for the initial eruption of third molars was 15 years in male subjects and 13 years for female subjects. The incidence of eruption showed a steep rise after the age of 16 years for male subjects and 14 years for female subjects. By the age of 19 years, all third molars had erupted into the oral cavity. The eruption of lower third molars was generally ahead of the upper third molars for all age groups. The results of this study suggest that (1) the timing of third molar eruption is strongly influenced by the availability of mandibular trigone space, (2) the attrition and shrinkage of the dental arch, probably as the result of nonrefined highly fibrous diets, produce larger mandibular trigone spaces, and (3) the early eruption of third molars observed in the present study may be due to the nature of the diet used and the vigorous employment of the masticatory apparatus (from infancy) by the subjects examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Differences in occlusion and some functional variables in adolescents with intact and restored dentitions. A comparative study.

A group of 96 individuals 13 to 15 years of age, with intact teeth, was compared with a control group of 129 individuals with dental restorations, with regard to reported symptoms and functional recordings of the stomatognathic system. Differences between the groups were established, with higher scores in the dentally treated group with regard to the occurrence of headache, distance between the retruded contact position (RCP) and the intercuspal contact position (ICP), lateral slide between RCP and ICP more than or equal to 0.5 mm, and attrition recorded as dentin facets in the lower first molars. The prevalence of different malocclusions was very similar in the groups, and there were practically no sex differences. The findings are not contradictory to the hypothesis that fillings may be related to mandibular dysfunction, but more studies are necessary to explain fully the mechanisms involved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical using and observation of occlusion splint of RPD].

PURPOSE: This article describes the design and restoration for 180 cases diagnosed with dentition defect accompanied with medium to severe abrasion and attrition. The purpose of this study is to discuss the rehabilitation of vertical dimension, the balance of occlusion and the whole occlusion system. METHODS: Before clinical preparation of the 180 clinical cases, diagnostic casts were made. Entire restoration treatment plan was adopted to make removable partial dentures with full crown restorations along with occlusion splints. The clinical effect were evaluated at 2nd week, 4th week and 9th week. RESULTS: Of the 180 cases, 148 patients (82.2%) adapted to the denture in 2-3 weeks, 24 patients (13.3%) in 4-5 weeks, 8 patients (14.5%) in 5-6 weeks. The further observation were evaluated over 10-15 years with clinical satisfaction. CONCLUSION: This method not only reserves the tooth structure, but also restores configuration and function of the lost tissues. It's really a constantly effective remedy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inherited primary failure of eruption in the primary dentition: report of five cases.

Unerupted primary teeth are a rare event and in most cases involve the second primary molars. The impaction may be primary, meaning that the teeth never have been erupted (also called primary failure of eruption), or it may be secondary, meaning that the teeth after eruption are reimpacted. The present report describes five cases (three boys and two girls) with primary failure of eruption of totally fourteen second primary molars. None of these teeth ever erupted and were removed surgically at an age of 10-11 yrs. Additionally, in all five cases the eruption of the entire permanent dentition was severely retarded. Consequences of the nonerupting primary molars put a more functional strain, with severe attrition, on the remaining teeth. The unerupted primary molars also seemed to prevent the development of the corresponding premolars. In addition the impacted primary molars were in some cases a threat to the eruption of first permanent molars. The etiology of the present primary failure of eruption seems to be inheritance, and the mode of transmission is judged to be autosomal dominant.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1988

The prevalence of dental attrition and its association with factors of age, gender, occlusion, and TMJ symptomatology.

Dental attrition severity in 222 young adults was assessed from dental casts as the sum of the most severe facet in each arch segment. The attrition scores were compared by age, gender, bruxism awareness, prior bite adjustment, orthodontic class, maxillomandibular relationship, and temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms. Awareness of bruxism was not associated with the wear scores and should not be used to define bruxist groups. Attrition scores did not differ significantly between age groups, indicating that notable attrition, when present, often occurs early. Men had higher attrition scores than women (p less than 0.01), despite fewer signs and symptoms. Dental attrition was not associated with the presence or absence of TMJ clicking, TMJ tenderness, or masticatory muscle tenderness. Class II division 2 males had laterotrusive attrition scores lower than those of Class III (p less than 0.05). Class III females had lower incisor attrition scores than did other Angle Classes (p less than 0.05). Discernible dental attrition in a non-patient population was not associated with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, nor with the occlusal factors studied. These results are compatible with the findings in other studies that point to bruxism as a centrally induced phenomenon common to all people and unrelated to local factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Microscopy of the dentine of enamel-free areas of rat molar teeth.

Dentine of the enamel-free areas (EFA) of first mandibular molar teeth of rats aged between 20-150 days was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Demineralized sections were stained with Gram-Twort's stain and examined for dental caries. In newly erupted teeth, a few dentinal tubules opened on the EFA surface. As teeth became worn down, extensive areas of EFA showed numerous patent tubules. In primary dentine, no occlusion or partial occlusion of tubules was apparent at any age except at the occlusal surface. It is postulated that this surface narrowing was caused either by dentine debris or salivary deposits. The only other covering of tubule openings appeared to be a thin salivary pellicle which in older animals was plaque-like. Patent tubules in primary dentine contained odontoblast processes which even in worn teeth extended to EFA surfaces. Processes in adjacent enamel-covered dentine also extended to the enamel-dentine junction. Only a few examples of bacterial invasion of EFA dentine were seen: in younger animals bacteria occupied cracks in the EFA surface, but in older animals they also occupied tubules. The EFA dentine does not appear to respond to attrition by infilling of the tubules; the persistence of vital odontoblast processes in worn teeth suggests that dead tract formation is not extensive. Continuous occlusal wear may restrict the progress of caries in EFA but odontoblasts in the rat may be also physiologically and immunologically involved in restricting the ingress of bacteria into otherwise poorly protected EFA.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of oral diseases/conditions in Uganda.

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to report the prevalence of oral diseases/conditions among a Ugandan population. METHODS: Subjects aged 12 (n=696) and 35-44 years (n=396) were chosen from randomly selected urban and peri-urban areas of Arua, Mbale, Kampala and Mbarara districts. They were clinically examined by 4 trained and calibrated dentists for oral diseases/conditions using criteria described by World Health Organisation. RESULTS: Dental caries (DMFT >or=1) was recorded in 40% and 62.5% of the children and adults, respectively. The overall mean DMFT score was 0.9 for children and 3.4 for adults. Caries was significantly more severe in females as compared to males in children (p<0.05), whereas in adults, there was no significant gender difference. Kampala had a significantly higher mean DMFT score compared to other districts in all age groups (p>0.05). Culculus deposits were generally, more prevalent in adults as compare to children except in Mbarara district. Gum bleeding was also significantly more prevalent among children as compared to adults (p<0.05). Significantly higher prevalence of gum bleeding in both children and adults was recorded in Arua district as compared to other areas (p<0.05). Each of the age groups had a prevalence of malocclusion of 61%. However, the severity of malocclusion varied between age groups and districts. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 3% and 4% for children and adults, respectively. All subjects in Arua district were fluorosis-free. Tetracycline enamel staining was less than 1% in both age groups. Enamel attrition was more prevalent in adults as compared to children: 19% versus 1%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of oral diseases/conditions was generally low among the study population. Caries experience was significantly higher in the Kampala (urban) district as compared to rural districts in all age groups; the D - component being the major contributor.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The influence of the loss of teeth and attrition on the articular eminence.

A review of the literature revealed that changes in the articular eminence associated with changes in the dentition were usually overlooked in most reports. An attempt was made to determine whether changes in attrition and loss of teeth would correlate with a change (decreased angulation) in the articular eminence. The population consisted of 103 adult skulls and mandibles of both sexes and three different races. They included partial and totol edentulism, mild to severe attrition, and complete dentitions in good condition. An impression of each of the 206 articular eminences was made and the angulation established. The data were transferred to computer cards and a statistical analysis performed. The level of significance for each of the variables was established and conclusions were made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The anthropological value of minor variants of the dental crown.

The incidences of 31 minor variants of the dental crown were scored from dental casts of samples taken from six European populations. Although several variants showed significant sex bias in one or other sample, only one (pits instead of furrow on premolar2) consistently favoured one sex. Associations between the variants were sought. Although few consistent associations were demonstrated, there was a possible tendency for extra cusps to occur together throughout the dentition. Distance statistics calculated between the samples were compatible with the expected genetical relationships of the samples, but only modern samples could be used since variants were destroyed by attrition in archeological samples. Before such distances can be considered reliable, it is necessary to know: (i)the extent to which environmental factors such as diet influence variant expression. (ii)whether or not variant bearing teeth are selectively destroyed by caries, which in civilised populations render a high proportion of most dentitions unscoreable.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1994

A review of noncarious dental cervical lesions.

Noncarious dental cervical lesions are categorized as abrasions, attritions, erosions, or abfractions. From these destructive processes, hypersensitive dentin is a common sequela experienced by the dental patient. Cold air and tactile probing are among the stimuli that precipitate this reaction. A complete patient history and clinical evaluation are essential for an accurate diagnosis. Treatment measures for hypersensitive dentin include restoring the lesion with composite resin or glass-ionomer material, the application of dentin bonding agents and/or fluoride, and iontophoresis therapy.

Dentin Sensitivity↗
PubMed2004

[The survey of prosthetic treatment in the elderly].

OBJECTIVE: To acquire teeth and prosthetic conditions of the elderly. METHODS: 1166 patients of over 60 years old had been given prosthetic treatment, and the teeth conditions were analyzed. RESULTS: The average number of missing teeth was 10.25. The maxillary missing teeth were more than mandibular ones. The rate of missing teeth were as follows: maxillary teeth > mandibular teeth; molars > bicuspids > incisors > cuspid. 1120 cases were treated with removable dentures. 59% of the removable partial dentures had free-end saddles. 46 cases were treated with fixed bridges. CONCLUSION: The characteristics of prosthetic patients in the elderly were as follows: a large number of missing teeth and free-end missing teeth, attrition of resident teeth, food impaction, existing-residual root and loosen teeth. Removable denture was the main method of the prosthetic therapy for the elderly patients. Fixed bridge was used when the patient condition was good. The cuspid, treated residual root and the third molar should be used for the retention and support of the prosthesis.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence and distribution of dental caries in a late medieval population in Finland.

The aim was to document the late medieval material and to compare the results with findings in other medieval populations and present-day Finns. The sample consisted of the remains of 410 individuals and included 4581 permanent and 600 deciduous teeth. Age determination was based on the stage of dental development and on the attrition pattern in the molar region. Scoring the presence and location of caries was done visually with the aid of a dental probe. In the younger age groups, caries was most prevalent in the occlusal fissures, but the proportion of cavities at these sites declined with age, possibly because occlusal attrition progressed more rapidly than did caries. In the permanent dentition, carious lesions were most frequently observed at the cementum-enamel junction, particularly on the approximal surfaces. The prevalence of caries was lower than among modern populations of similar ages. In addition, the relative distribution of caries was strikingly different, with root caries being the most common type.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in kinetic system of the mastication organ in patients with pterygoid dental losses in the mandible].

100 patients with pterygoid dental losses in the mandible randomly selected from the group of 900 patients have been examined. The material under examination has been divided into two groups (according to Kennedy's classification). I group--the persons with both-sided pterygoid dental losses, II group--the persons with one-sided pterygoid dental losses. Presence both extraoral and intraoral changes of the mastication organ in both groups as well as SSZ dysfunction symptoms has been analysed. The results obtained have proved that pterygoid losses essentially influence the presence of extraoral changes and less so the presence of intraoral changes. The span and type of dental losses have influenced the frequency of the presence of such changes as: cheeks' retraction, intensifying of nasolabial sulci, lowering of vertical dimension of the bottom face segment, attrition of teeth, presence of diastems in the maxilla and mandible, enlargement of the resting mouth silt etc. SSZ dysfunction symptoms have been found in 64% of the persons under examinations; intensification of these symptoms was positively greater in the patients with asymmetric losses, i.e. with one-sided losses. The examinations carried out demonstrate the need of all pterygoid dental losses restoration, particularly one-sided losses in the prophylaxis of mas-dysfunction generation.

DMF Index↗
PubMed1996

An extended replication study of dental factors associated with temporomandibular joint sounds.

A previous study demonstrated associations between dental factors and joint sounds. To support these findings, this replication study was carried out in another sample of nonpatients. It was found that temporomandibular joint sounds are common in nonpatients. Their prevalence in young adults exceeded the prevalence in adults. The small size of the control group rendered the results of multivariate analysis statistically inconclusive. Tentative interpretation suggests that attrition of the anterior teeth or generally in the dentition, unilateral non-working-side interferences, morphologic occlusion, and premolar contacts are related to the presence of sounds. Temporomandibular joint sounds in nonpatients are considered to be normal and not a manifestation of subclinical problems. Definite answers on the causality of temporomandibular joint sounds will have to be based on prospective longitudinal studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Vertical root fracture in nonendodontically treated teeth--a clinical report of 64 cases in Chinese patients.

Vertical root fractures (VRFs) in teeth without endodontic treatment are uncommon. A clinical study was done on 64 cases of VRFs in 61 Chinese patients to define better the clinical characteristics, diagnostic signs, and possible causes. Results showed that fractures occurred most often in first molars of patients between 40 and 69 yr of age, and the incidence was two times higher in males than in females. Flat roots with smaller mesiodistal diameters were more prone to fracture. The majority (79%) of patients had intact dentition with less than four teeth missing. Fractured teeth were frequently attrited with no restorations. VRFs may result from excessive or repetitive masticatory force due to damaging chewing habits exerted on flat roots of smaller mesiodistal diameter. Nonendodontic VRFs seem to occur more frequently than earlier believed and may represent an underdiagnosed clinical entity deserving of our attention.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Age-induced changes in the teeth and their attachment apparatus.

Both the hard substances and the soft tissues of the teeth and their attachment apparatus are subject to constant change. This begins immediately after eruption and continues throughout life. An exact dividing line between changes which are physiological and pathological cannot always be drawn. Enamel undergoes attrition, and in addition its mechanical characteristics alter, owing probably to changes in diffusion conditions. The age-induced changes occurring in dentine are much more obvious, the biological properties of this hard substance being fundamentally altered. The dentine of older people is characterized by the continuous narrowing of the lumen of the dentinal tubule, increasing calcification, reduction in the amount of peritubular fluid and reduced sensitivity. In this process, dentine becomes able to assume the function of enamel as it wears. With age cementum undergoes continuous deposition, mainly functionally induced. It is evident, even macroscopically, that the volume of the pulp declines owing to the deposition of secondary dentine or of amorphous dentine with age. Histologically, young pulp differs fundamentally from that of the pulp of an older person. Regressive processes commence immediately after tooth eruption. The number, nature, properties and capabilities of the cells change, but the pulp does not suffer any appreciable loss of vitality. Circulation in the pulp is affected by deposition of hard substance in the apical part of the root canal. These processes are important in endodontics, and because of them different treatment methods have to be used for patients of different ages. The tooth supporting tissues are also subject to constant rearrangements, the physiological occlusal and mesial movements of the teeth being relevant here. All these structural and biological differences must be allowed for when therapy is being considered. They have not hitherto been taken sufficiently into account.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The effect of a partial bite raising splint on the occlusal face height. An x-ray cephalometric study in human adults.

20 patients (18 - 50 years) with pathological attrition of upper and/or lower anterior teeth were treated, as a temporary measure, by means of a partial chrome-cobalt splint covering the palatal surfaces of the six upper front teeth. Tantalum implants to provide reference points were placed in the basal portion of upper and lower jaw bones. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken with and without the splint at the beginning of treatment and thereafter every two months till the difference between measurements was as small as possible. Changes in the occlusal face height were evaluated. Measurement reliability proved to be very high. Continuous use of the splint caused intrusion of the front teeth and eruption of the others in all patients. The intrusion was on an average 1.05 mm and the eruption 1.47 mm after 6 - 14 months, indicating a possible potential for tooth eruption in human adults. More eruption than intrusion appeared to take place in the youngest age groups. Sexual differences could not be established. Use of the splint did not cause the common symptoms of mandibular dysfunction. Lisping was the most serious complaint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Dental and general health in a population of wild ring-tailed lemurs: a life history approach.

Data are presented on dental and general health for seven groups of wild ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta, from the Beza Mahafaly Reserve, in southern Madagascar. As part of a study of population demography, adults were captured, collared, and tagged, and biometric measurements, dental casts, and analyses of dental and general health were made. Results indicate that patterns of dental health vary by individual, age, sex, and habitat. Prime adults show more dental attrition than young adults. Prime males living in more marginal habitats show greater mean attrition than those living in richer habitats. Dental damage, specifically to the toothcomb, indicates that mechanical stresses to this region may include the initial harvesting of foods, in addition to grooming. Males exhibit more evidence of past trauma, including scars and chipped teeth. These results indicate that environmental as well as social factors, such as female dominance, may lead to sex differences in health patterns among lemurs.

Age Factors↗