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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Clinical study on the treatment of severe neurocysticercosis].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the therapeutic efficacy of albendazole combined with surgical intervention on intracranial hypertension in the treatment of severe neurocysticercosis. METHODS: Seventy-four consecutive patients with severe neurocysticercosis were confirmed by neuroimaging techniques (CT and/or MRI) and ELISA for the detection of antibody to cysticerci of Taenia solium. The number of cysticerci in the brain ranged from 100 to 1160. All patients were treated with albendazole by dose-decreasing regimen. Initial tolerable dosage was defined by dose-decreasing progressively, depending on the total number of cysticerci; then the dose of albendazole was increased progressively, and ultimate dosage was 20 mg per kilogram of body weight daily. Albendazole was taken for 3-4 courses (10 days as a course). Drugs to reduce intracranial pressure were used in all patients during the treatment, including mannitol, corticosteroids and/or sodium escin. 67 patients with intracranial hypertension were treated with surgical treatment, including drainage of cerebral ventricle and/or decompression of temporal muscle. All patients received antiseizure medications to prevent the onset of seizures during the treatment. RESULTS: The combination of albendazole and surgical intervention was curative in 69 of 74 patients with neurocysticercosis after a follow-up of an average 37.2 (19-52) months. CT and/or MRI examination demonstrated that the cysts had disappeared or become calcified. Only 1 case failed because there were 1160 cysts in the brain of the patient. CONCLUSION: The combination of albendazole and surgical maneuvers to reduce intracranial pressure is a safe and effective method for treating severe neurocysticercosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Reconstruction of facial deformities in leprosy patients.

Almost all the parts of the face may be involved in deformities caused by leprosy. Reconstructive surgery can be undertaken after the disease is arrested by medical treatment. Reconstruction of nose can be done by augmentation with autogenous bone graft, retronasal inlay graft, etc. Loss of eyebrows can be reconstructed with hair bearing skin with hair follicles. Sagging face can be corrected by nasolabial face-lift with correction of glabellar folds. Blepharoplasty is done for correction of some conditions. The temporal muscle sling is a dynamic procedure to reconstruct facial nerve palsy.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed2005

[The effect of high-rate electrical stimulation on excitability of auditory nerve in Guinea pigs].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of high-rate electrical stimulation on excitability of the auditory nerve by recording the change of amplitude of the electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABR). METHOD: After guinea pigs were in the anesthetic state, both bullae were exposed and the round window membranes incised. A standard electrode array was carefully inserted a distance of approximately 4 mm into the scala tympani of the both experimental cochlea and the control cochlea. The most apical electrodes were used as stimulating electrodes. The round window was then sealed with crushed temporal muscle. The electrode arrays were maintained in the same position throughout the experiment. While the stimulus intensities were kept constantly in the normal clinical level (6 dB above EABR threshold), four stimulus rates of 200 (n=14), 400 (n=10), 1000 (n=11), 2000 (n=10) pulses/s(PPS) were each delivered to bipolar electrodes in scala tympani of 45 guinea pigs for 2 h of acute electrical stimulation. Thresholds and wave I amplitudes of EABR were recorded for periods of 3 h following 2 h of acute stimulation. By comparing the pre-stimulus amplitudes of wave I in EABR with the post-stimulus ones(t test), the effect of high-rate electrical stimulation on excitability of the auditory nerve was assessed. RESULT: While the acute stimulus intensity was kept constantly in the normal clinical level (6 dB above EABR threshold), with comparison of pre-stimulus response with post-stimulus response of wave I, the latter increased by 20%, 30%, 9%, 7% at each of the four different stimulus rates of 200, 2000, 400, 1000 PPS. CONCLUSION: Within the 3 h post-stimulus monitoring period after 2 h acute stimulation, no reduction but increase in EABR amplitude was observed using stimulus intensity of 6 dB above EABR threshold at four stimulus rates (200, 400, 1000, 2000 PPS). Electrical stimulation presented at high rates of 1000 to approximately 2000 PPS with clinical intensity (6 dB above EABR threshold) did not result in the reduction of excitability of auditory nerve. These results supported to provide data for the envisaged introduction of a speech-processing strategy based on high stimulus rates.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Our current technique for basic pterional craniotomy].

Pterional cnaniotomy is frequently used in neurosurgical practice, but still poses significant cosmetic and functional drawbacks. Here, we describe our modified technique to overcome such problems as the sterilization of the scalp without brush and razor, preemptive analgesia, preservation of the periostium for reconstruction, retrograde dissection of the temporal muscle, and complete sphenoidotomy using chisel or drills. The tips of our pterional craniotomy offer suitable size and depth of working field around the paraclinoidal regions, maintaining cosmetic satisfaction of the patients.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical prosthetic restoration after bilateral maxillectomy].

In 6 cases of tumors, two gigantic benign and four malignant in T4 having palatal and gingivo-alveolar starting point with invasive evolution into the structure of facial mass, surpassing the median alignment, the authors consider the problem concerning the indications for exeresis, possibilities of removal of healthy tissue and the reconstruction of massive losses of substance. The surgical treatment of reconstruction that completes the exeresis of the tumor is meant to sustain the ocular globe through a aponeurotic-muscular flap form the temporal muscle, with the aid of nasal septum or a skin graft also used to obtain a good coating of the cavity, and is also meant to a plastic reconstruction of the soft palate as well as to retention modelling of the cavity fields which resulted postsurgically. The main role in maxillofacial reconstruction in held by the obturator prosthesis that avoids morphofunctional prejudices and restores facial contour, without aesthetic and psychic prejudices. The results obtained in our 6 cases shown here have been fully satisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Temporal myofascial flap in reconstructive surgery of the oral cavity.

AIM: The temporal myofascial flap is a simple, rapid and reliable surgical method for immediate reconstruction of facial defects: indications in the light of modern anatomical knowledge and personal experience, with the accent on achieving an appropriate access route without damaging the facial nerve. METHODS: Our series covers the period from January 1999 to December 2004, during which time myofascial flaps of temporal muscle were used for immediate reconstruction in 20 surgical oncological cases involving the face and neck. RESULTS: Postoperative progress was regular; no lesions of the facial nerve were observed, nor any cases of flap necrosis, including partial. Epithelialisation could already be observed as early as 15 days postsurgery without skin grafting being employed. CONCLUSIONS: Application of a Medpor prosthesis eliminates the only negative outcome from the aesthetic standpoint, related to harvesting the muscle from the fossa.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

[Study on trans-differentiation of adult human myoblasts into neural precursor cells and its implantation in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of inducing adult human myoblasts into neural precursor cells. METHODS: The myoblasts were isolated with mixed digestive enzyme from minced human temporal muscle samples, cultured and purified clonally. The 3rd passage cells were incubated with serum free medium including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Morphological change was investigated during incubation period. Immunofluorescence cytochemistry and RT-PCR analysis were used to assess cell differentiation and trans differentiation. RESULTS: After the induction, cells became non-adherent aggregates as neurospheres. The myoblast-derived neurospheres was immuno-positive for nestin. In differentiation condition, they looked like neurons and glial cells and expressed neuronal (microtubule associated protein 2, MAP-2), astrocytic (Glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) and oligodendrocytic (Galactocerebroside, Galc) markers by immunocytochemistry. The result by RT-PCR was coincident with immunocytochemistry. The myoblast-derived neurospheres expressed MAP-2 and GFAP after they were transplanted into the brain of rats with cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSION: Adult human myoblasts can be inducted to trans-differentiate into neural precursor cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A modified surgical approach to the orbits].

A major precondition for microsurgical removal of an orbital tumor is adequate topographic preparation of the structures involved. Cosmetic aspects also have to be considered. In this regard, the modified surgical approach presented here is superior to the familiar techniques of lateral orbitotomy. The surgical steps are as follows: hemicoronal incision of the skin starting from the superior end of the external ear, extending into the hairy temporo-frontal region, and ending close in front of the hair line. This incision is performed through the periosteum down to the bone, so that the forehead skin flap can be exposed to give complete exposure of the temporal muscle and the entire bony borders of the orbit. Following the osteoplastic removal of the lateral orbital rim and wall, the periorbita is opened and the intraorbital tumor can be removed microsurgically all along the superior, lateral, and inferior regions of the orbit and the muscle cone even in the orbital apex. The postoperative functional and cosmetic results are good.

Craniotomy↗
PubMed1991

[Orbital neurofibrosarcoma. Clinical and etiological study; apropos of a case].

This case report is about a relapsing conjunctive sarcoma affecting a 67 year old woman, involved with Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. Surgical orbital exenteration was necessary for curative treatment and reconstruction used a temporal muscle flap. Through this report, emphasis is placed on diagnosis difficulties and possibility of serious development concerning these malignant tumors in the scope of neurofibromatosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Electromyographic and computerized magnetic gnathokinesiographic studies of normal subjects].

The authors used electromyographic and computerised magnetic gnathokinesiographic equipment to examine habitual mastication and electromyographic activity of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles in two subjects with complete dentition, physiological functional occlusion and with no history or clinical records of cranio-mandibular disorders (CMD). The results obtained show the presence of common models of masticatory movement and electromyographic activity which conform to previously published data.

Dental Equipment↗
PubMed1990

Facial palsy--a leprosy surgeon's viewpoint.

Facial palsy is cosmetically unacceptable, whether affecting eyes or mouth. It endangers the vision. Both upper and lower facial paralysis can be surgically dealt with, using the temporal muscle and fascia. This produces satisfactory results in a relatively short period of time.

Eyelids↗
PubMed1989

[Reconstruction following an orbital tumor in children].

Tumors of the orbital region which may develop during infancy and childhood have multiple origins and a specific treatment should be applied to each lesion as regards the degree of malignancy, the extent of the tumor and the age of the child. The plastic surgeon is usually called when the surgical treatment or the radiotherapy have been mutilating. It is then necessary to offer the most satisfactory reconstruction to the child, taking into account the possibility of a recurrent disease or the future development of the orbital cavity. The following priorities should be observed: 1) The tumoral resection should be as complete and as curative as possible. 2) The sight of the eye should be saved if possible; 3) The skeletal reconstruction should be performed if possible with autologous bone graft taken from the skull area. 4) The soft tissue reconstruction is performed by a series of plastic surgery methods. The use of the temporal muscle is common. 5) The final esthetic result often depends on the choice and the quality of additional corrections (canthopexy, mucosal graft, correction of enophthalmos, etc). The surgery of orbital tumors is a team work (neurosurgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, plastic surgery). The presence of the plastic surgeon during the initial treatment is highly recommendable and often permits an immediate reconstruction.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The relationship between psychophysical involution in the elderly subject and his nutritional status].

The aim of this study is the analysis of the relationship existing between the nutritional state and the parameters which indicate the capacity to lead a normal life in hospitalized geriatric patients. The nutritional state was evaluated using objective anthropometric parameters (Triceps fold--TF--, Brachial perimeter--BP--, Muscular and Fatty areas of the arm (MAA and FAA), concentration of seric albumin levels (SA) and subjective clinical parameters (atrophy of the temporal muscle (TA) and fat in Bichat's ball (BBA). The capacity to perform normal daily activities was analyzed, taking into account the capacity to eat alone, with help or using a naso-gastric tube, to walk unaided, with help or total incapacity, evaluation of intellectual functions and evaluation of dentition. Patients with a total absence or loss of more than 50% of teeth showed less MAA and FAA as well as a greater degree of TA and BBA. The same occurred when a greater degree of dementia was present. Patients requiring help to eat (either due to alimentation through a tube or with the help of a nurse) showed less FAA, SA and greater TA and BAA. Patients who were incapable of walking (in wheelchairs or bedridden) showed less BAA and FAA. Thus, progressive incapacity to carry out normal everyday activities is associated with a worse nutritional state in institutionalized geriatric patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

[Analysis of mastication in normal and dysfunctional subjects].

A computer based system to asses mandibular movements and EMG masseter and temporal muscle activity during habitual mastication was applied to 12 healthy subjects and to 86 dysfunctional subjects, the chewing performance was tested with a standardized bolus of crispy bread. A Siemens Sirognathograph instrument was used to record mandibular movements, while EMG signals were recorded with surface Ag/AgCl electrodes. The Dysfunction Index System was used to build two subgroups of patients with severe TMJ impairment (n = 21) and severe muscle dysfunction (n = 15) respectively. Data on the different parameters of mastication were obtained for the single patients, the whole group and the two subgroups were statistically compared together with those obtained from normal individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Sex dimorphism in the skull of the cat].

There are differences in the skull of male and female cats. The temporal line of each parietal bone which lies close up to the median in the male cat, is a laterally curved line in female cats and castrated males. The temporal line continues to the external crista of frontal bone and forms in this way with the other side a small parietal plane in the male, and a arched one in female and castrated males. This is possibly caused by a sex hormone dependent formation of temporal muscle.

Animals↗