Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Statistics as Topic”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

How well prepared are Texas dental hygienists to recognize and report elderly abuse?

The elderly are the nation's fastest-growing population, and the number of elder abuse victims has reached epidemic proportions. In Texas, dentists and dental hygienists are mandated by law to report suspected abuse. This study surveyed Texas dental hygienists regarding elder abuse education received in dental hygiene school and post-graduation. Respondents were also asked to self-assess their knowledge level in recognizing the six types of elder abuse and to answer questions regarding Texas law and mandatory reporting of abuse. A survey designed for this study was mailed to 780 Texas licensed dental hygienists, representing 10 percent of the Texas dental hygiene population. Respondents were selected using a computer-generated random sample. A second mailing was sent to nonrespondents to prevent response bias. Results were analyzed using Statistical Programs for Social Scientists (SPSS). Over one-half of the respondents (56 percent) stated that abuse education was not part of their dental hygiene school curriculum. Only 46 percent of the respondents who replied that abuse education had been included in the curriculum were educated on elder abuse. A majority of respondents stated they lacked knowledge in recognizing the six types of elder abuse, and 81 percent of respondents reported being unknowledgeable about reporting elder abuse. The current status of elder abuse education in dental hygiene programs and post-graduation is insufficient. Dental hygienists have an obligation to become knowledgeable in recognizing and reporting elder abuse in order to provide complete care for their patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Dental caries in persons over the age of 80 living in Kungsholmen, Sweden: findings from the KEOHS project.

OBJECTIVES: The Kungsholmen Elders Oral Health Study (KEOHS) evaluated the oral health status of generally healthy, community-dwelling persons over the age of 80 living in Kungsholmen, an area in central Stockholm. This paper reports findings regarding the prevalence and severity of dental caries among the dentate participants. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Caries examinations were conducted on eligible persons participating in the Kungsholmen Project, an ongoing, longitudinal study of older adults. SETTING: Caries examinations were carried out between 1994 and 1996 at two local clinics by three standardised examiners using defined visual, tactile criteria. PARTICIPANTS: Among 296 potentially eligible participants, 159 were examined, and a total of 129 had at least one tooth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The caries examination identified decayed and filled surfaces and missing teeth. RESULTS: Of the dentate subjects examined, 80% had teeth in both arches; 98% had at least one coronal filling; 81% had one or more restored root surfaces. Depending upon age and gender, between 36% and 56% of those examined had untreated coronal caries, and between 54% and 75% had untreated root caries. CONCLUSIONS: These findings document the substantial and ongoing impact of dental caries in a sample of generally healthy, community-dwelling older adults and underscore the importance of continued caries prevention and treatment in the aged.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Clinical study to compare two in-office (chairside) whitening systems.

The objective of this clinical study was to compare the whitening/bleaching efficacy of two marketed in-office whitening systems: Discus Dental Zoom! Chairside System (25% hydrogen peroxide whitening gel) and Opalescence Xtra Boost Kit (38% hydrogen peroxide whitening gel), using the Vita Shade Guide and chromameter measurements. The study was an examiner-blind, parallel group, randomized and controlled clinical trial conducted in a dental setting. All subjects signed a study consent form prior to admission and were given Crest Regular Toothpaste and an Oral-B 40 straight-handle toothbrush to use during the study. Subjects received a supragingival prophylaxis followed by a screening eligibility Vita Shade assessment from which 22 subjects were selected. At baseline, all six maxillary anterior teeth were assessed with the Vita Shade Guide. Chromameter measurements were taken on either the right maxillary central or left maxillary central (tooth No. 8 or tooth No. 9). Subjects were assigned to one of two treatment groups, and had three applications of their assigned product. Following completion of the treatment phase, and on post-treatment Days 2 and 7, a visual examination of the condition of the oral soft tissues, together with a Vita Shade assessment on maxillary anterior teeth, a chromameter reading and a questionnaire regarding tooth sensitivity were completed. At the termination of the study, the statistical analysis of the Vita Shade scores indicated that both products significantly (p < 0.0001) lightened the color of the teeth. The average improvement was between 6 and 9 shade changes. Additionally, the Zoom! Chairside System was significantly better than the Opalescense Xtra Boost Kit at all time points: post-treatment (p < 0.0001); Day 2 (p < 0.004); Day 7 (p < 0.003). This difference was between 1 and 2 shade changes. The chromameter readings showed a significant difference in the overall color change (delta E) to a lighter color for both the Zoom! Chairside System and the Opalescence Xtra Boost Kit. Using delta E, the Zoom! Chairside System was directionally better than the Opalescense Xtra Boost Kit at Day 2 (p < 0.08), and significantly better at Day 7 (p < 0.025). Analysis of the composite parameters of delta E (L*, a*, b*) showed that no differences could be detected in the a* (redness) parameter. Changes were observed in the L* (brightness) and b* (yellow) parameters which paralleled the delta E differences. There were no significant differences in induced sensitivity between whitening systems at any time point.

Color↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulpal blood flow in vital and nonvital young permanent teeth measured by transmitted-light photoplethysmography: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to record transmitted-light photoplethysmography (TLP) from young permanent teeth and examine its applicability to pulp vitality assessment. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy and 7 nonvital upper maxillary incisors in 17 children (ages 7 years, 3 months to 14 years, 8 months) were examined. Recordings of TLP were made with and without opaque black rubber dam application in a darkened room. Finger photoplethysmography (FPP) of the participants was simultaneously recorded. RESULTS: (1) Pulse waves synchronous with FPP were recorded from all healthy teeth, whereas no pulse signals were recognized in nonvital teeth. (2) The signal amplitude in the TLP was not significantly affected by the opaque dam application. (3) In the healthy teeth, there was a significantly negative correlation between the TLP pulse amplitude and the age of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: TLP can detect pulpal blood flow in young permanent teeth. This technique is considered to be applicable in the assessment of pulp vitality.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of Er:YAG and Nd:YAP laser irradiation on the surface roughness and free surface energy of enamel and dentin: an in vitro study.

Sixty-seven extracted molars were selected (134 samples). Dentin and enamel samples were prepared by buccal and lingual surface sectioning to expose a planar enamel or dentin surface. For the roughness study, 80 samples were randomly assigned to eight groups. Enamel and dentin surfaces were etched with a 37% phosphoric acid solution, irradiated with an Er:YAG laser or irradiated with a Nd:YAP laser. Samples were then observed in SEM using BSE. For the free-surface energy study, 54 samples received the same treatment as above. Two contact angle measurements were made on each surface using a goniometer. Data were analyzed by a non-parametric statistical test. Morphological changes on enamel and dentin were greater with acid-etch and Er:YAG laser than with Nd:YAP laser. Free surface energy was significantly greater with acid-etch or Er:YAG laser than with Nd:YAP laser (p < 0.001).

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adequacy of mandibular premolar position despite early loss of its deciduous molar.

The mandibular second premolar (MnP2) tooth is one of the most commonly impacted teeth. Early loss of its deciduous predecessor has long been suggested to be a factor in the etiology of the MnP2 impaction. In this study, panoramic roentgenograms were used to measure the angular position of the unerupted MnP2 in 85 children. The study was carried out to test whether early loss of the lower second primary molar (dM2) correlates with MnP2 malpositions that are measurably greater than those from a control sample. The results show a small and statistically insignificant difference between the mean angles in cases with (79.6 degrees) and without (83.2 degrees) dM2. To eliminate individual factors, e.g., genetics, 2 sides of the same patient, with and without dM2, were compared. The group with the missing dM2 on one side showed higher angle differences, compared with the control group. However, the differences were still small (approximately 4 degrees) and statistically insignificant. Our findings do not show a significant influence of early loss of dM2 on the inclination of the unerupted MnP2, suggesting that environmental factors may be of less significance, compared with genetic ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A computerized analysis of dental arch morphology in early permanent dentition.

To determine the positions of teeth and the size and shape of the dental arches, 53 dental casts of children (29 boys and 24 girls) with their early permanent dentition and normal occlusions were examined. The coordinates of cusp tips and line angles of anterior teeth and cusp tips, contact points, and fossa of posterior teeth were digitized. Computer-generated curves were created for both arches using a polynomial model. There were 2 cusp-to-fossa relations and 4 cusp-to-marginal ridge relations for posterior segment intercuspation. Mean values of posterior arch lengths were statistically larger in boys than in girls. Mean curves of boys' dental arch forms were larger than those of girls and the ranges between the largest and smallest curves for both arches in boys were larger than those in girls. The boys' and girls' smallest curves for both arches were almost the same size.

Bicuspid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The width of clinically-defined keratinized gingiva in the mixed dentition.

Some authors have noticed a clear decrease of the width of keratinized gingiva when they compared the width over deciduous and newly erupted permanent teeth. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the width of keratinized gingiva over permanent and deciduous teeth present in 6 to 11-year old children in an urban environment. The greatest width of keratinized gingiva was found over deciduous canines and permanent incisors. When comparing the width of keratinized gingiva over deciduous canines and molars and permanent first incisors and first molars, statistically significant differences were found only between 6- and 11-year-old groups. The findings do not seem to support previously published data, but do suggest that periodontal mucogingival surgery is not needed before the patient reaches the adult age, since there is a tendency of an increase of the width of keratinized gingiva.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of occlusal carious lesions.

The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and the specificity of detecting the presence and extent of occlusal carious lesions using traditional examination techniques performed by three experienced restorative dentists and a laser fluorescence-measuring device (DIAGNOdent) on 100 extracted third maxillary and mandibular molars. The extracted teeth were selected to ensure presence of questionable occlusal caries and intact occlusal surfaces. The results revealed that the DIAGNOdent demonstrated a higher sensitivity (94%) compared to the clinicians' consensus (82%) but a lower specificity. This study also indicated that higher values of the DIAGNOdent do not appear to correlate well with the depth of the carious lesion in the dentin (r = 0.3809) as measured by a caries-detecting dye.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed2003

Works in progress: a comparison of dental school experiences between passing and failing NERB candidates, 2001.

The purpose of this report is to compare outcomes on the North East Regional Board of Dental Examiners (NERB) clinical examination to selected measures of academic performance in one U.S. dental school. The data came from results of the spring 2001 NERB examination at that school. Five measures of academic performance--number of Class II amalgam restorations completed, number of Class III/IV composite restorations completed, fixed prosthodontic units performed, fourth-year class rank, and GPA-were compared between those who passed and those who failed NERB's restorative exercise (RESTOR) and provisional fixed partial denture exercise (SIM). Analyses could not confirm a positive relationship between the school performance measures and the NERB outcome of passing RESTOR on the first attempt. On the other hand, those who passed SIM on the first attempt had, on the average, performed more amalgams, composites, and fixed prosthodontic units as students than those who failed; they also had, on average, better class rank and higher GPA. Therefore, only performance on SIM related to performance in school. However, both RESTOR and SIM had a similar number of failures from the top as well as the bottom portions of the class. These preliminary data from one dental school class raise questions about the validity of the NERB clinical examination for licensure decisions.

Baltimore↗
PubMed2001

Aspartate aminotransferase levels in gingival crevicular fluid before and after initial periodontal treatment.

The present study investigates the presence of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of untreated periodontal patients and determines the alterations in enzyme activity after the initial phase of periodontal treatment. From 12 patients suffering from advanced periodontitis, 54 pockets exhibiting severe attachment loss and depth > 4 mm were selected. Measurements of pocket depth (PD), attachment level (AL) and bleeding upon probing (BOP) were undertaken. For the GCF collection, sterile strips were gently placed at the previously isolated gingival crevice for 30 seconds and afterwards the GCF volume was determined with a Periotron 6000. The AST measurements were based on the establishment absorbency coefficient of NADH. The rate of decrease in the concentration of NADH is directly proportional to the AST activity in the sample. Four weeks after completion of the initial treatment, the patients were re-examined and the same clinical and laboratory measurements were performed. The parameters obtained were statistically analysed. The clinical parameters showed a statistically significant improvement, while the laboratory data expressed a statistically significant decrease of GCF volume as expected. Further, the sites were divided in two groups--pathological (pi) and physiological (phi)--according to Persson and Page (1991). After treatment a marked improvement concerning these values was noticed and it was noteworthy that these alterations occured regardless of initial AST presence.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Phenotypic and functional analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in generalised aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients.

BACKGROUND: The aetiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease may involve dysfunctions in the cellular immune responses. The aim of the present study was to study the phenotypic and functional activities of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 16 patients with generalised aggressive periodontitis (G-AP), 13 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 20 periodontally healthy subjects (H). METHODS: The relative counts of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells, T cells exhibiting HLA DR antigen and interleukin-2 receptor, CD19+ B cells and natural killer cells were determined by two colour flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. Blastogenic response of PBMC to mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was assessed after 96 h incubation by measuring 3(H)-thymidine incorporation and the results were expressed as net counts per minute. Spontaneous PBMC proliferation was also evaluated in unstimulated culture and the results were reported as mean counts per minute. Comparisons of G-AP, CP and H groups were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: No significant differences in the relative counts of PBMC subsets were found between G-AP, CP and H groups (P > 0.05) with the exception of lower relative amount of CD3+ T cells found in the CP group compared with healthy subjects (P = 0.0048). Blastogenic response to PHA was significantly suppressed in G-AP and CP groups relative to that of H group (P < 0.02). However, there was no significant difference in the blastogenic response to PHA between G-AP and CP groups (P > 0.05). Spontaneous proliferative response of G-AP and CP groups was also significantly lower compared to that of H group (P < 0.02). Similarly, no significant difference in spontaneous PBMC response was observed between G-AP and CP groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although G-AP and CP patients have similar amount of immune cells compared to healthy subjects, reduced functional activities of these cells may suggest the existence of defective cellular immune mechanism for the susceptibility to periodontal disease. One has to keep in mind that periodontal diseases have a genetic basis and the present functional analysis might not be connected to the actual genetic predisposition to the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Periodontitis and cytokine expression in CD14 deficient patients.

Patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) are deficient in monocytic CD14. The aim of this research was to determine the interrelationships among periodontal disease status, local levels, and monocytic secretion of inflammatory mediators in patients with PNH and matched controls. This study utilised a cross sectional, non-randomised design. PNH patients and matched controls (age, race, gender) were assessed for periodontal status, levels of PGE2 and IL-1beta within the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and levels released from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated peripheral blood monocytes in culture. Results indicate no statistical differences in extent and severity of periodontal disease or GCF mediator levels between the two groups. Monocyte responses to LPS demonstrated significant differences in PGE2 (P = 0.0009) and IL-1beta (P = 0.003) secretion with PNH monocytes secreting significantly less than controls. A significant positive association was found between the monocytic and GCF levels of PGE2 for all subjects (P = 0.003), PNH (P = 0.015), and control (P = 0.049) groups. This study demonstrated that GPI anchor deficient monocytes have reduced expression of inflammatory mediators in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Clinical effects of removable acrylic appliance design on gingival tissues: a short-term study.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects on the gingiva when an experimental palatal acrylic removable appliance, was worn for 3 weeks. Clinical parameters were reassessed after a 3 week recovery period when the appliance was no longer worn. The appliance design featured a base plate on the right side which extended to the gingival margin, but which on the left, was relieved from the gingival margin by 6mm. Plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth were recorded on days 0, 7, and 21, and at day 42. Results indicated that there was increasing gingival inflammation in the right palatal gingiva by day 7, and this became worse by day 21. Statistically significant differences in gingival inflammation were evident when right and left sides were compared at day 7 and 21, although there were no significant differences in plaque accumulation during this period. Probing depth measurements also increased significantly on the right side by day 21. All these gingival changes reversed to baseline levels during the recovery period by day 42. This paper demonstrates the rapid effect of acrylic denture design on gingival tissues.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2000

Effects on the clinical indices and gingival crevicular fluid enzyme activities of the cyclical regimen of low-dose doxycycline therapy for adult periodontitis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cyclic regimen of low dose doxycycline (20 mg) or placebo therapy following scaling and root planing on clinical parameters and crevicular fluid alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and elastase activities. Fifteen adults (13 males, 2 females) with moderate to advanced adult periodontitis were recruited for the study. The LDD-treated group (n = 8 subjects) self administered low dose doxycycline b.i.d. (20 mg, p.o.) from time (treatment) to 2 months and then no drug from 2 to 4 months and finally low-dose doxycycline b.i.d. from 4 to 6 months (i.e. "cyclical" regimen). The placebo-treated group (n = 7 subjects) was asked to take placebo capsules (containing inactive filler; i.e. starchflour) b.i.d. according to the same "cyclical" regimen. No differences were found between LDD- and placebo-treated groups regarding any of the clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid enzyme activities. The relative attachment gain was significantly improved in both groups. The "cyclical" regimen of low-dose doxycycline was not found to reduce alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and elastase activities in gingival crevicular fluid of the adult periodontitis patients over a 6-month time period.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Weights in Horvitz-Thompson statistic for complex samples].

The problem of using ordinary statistical methods basically for simple random samples in analyzing data from complex surveys for non-simple random samples was discussed. Horvitz-Thompson statistic and the poststratification weights were introduced. Illustrative examples were given to show the validity and superiority of Horvitz-Thompson statistic in comparison with statistic used for simple random samples.

Bias↗