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Results for “SCALP DERMATOSES”

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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

An unusual form of localized papulonodular cutaneous histiocytosis in a 6-month-old boy.

We report a 6-month-old boy with an unusual form of cutaneous histiocytosis. The lesions were noticed shortly after birth, and there was no evidence of systemic disease. This histiocytic disorder could not be classified according to the Histiocyte Society classification, and was therefore designated an 'unclassified' group II histiocytic disorder. The clinical picture was characterized by dark-red papulonodules with a tendency to coalesce into plaques. Histologically, the infiltrate was characterized by non-epidermotropic histiocytes showing varying degrees of differentiation, eosinophils and lymphocytes, and by the absence of foamy cells and Touton giant cells. As a most conspicuous feature, electron microscopic examination revealed laminated dense bodies, whereas Birbeck granules and comma-shaped bodies were absent. This further distinguished this uncommon variant from the well-known class II histiocytoses. During a 6-month follow-up period all the lesions showed marked regression.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1995

A rare presentation of acantholytic dyskeratosis.

We describe an elderly woman who presented with numerous papular, keratotic lesions on the scalp. Histology of a biopsy specimen revealed epidermal invaginations, with large keratotic plugs, at the sites of hair follicles. In addition, there was acantholytic epidermal cell separation at a suprabasal level, and a large number of corps ronds were present above the split. It is likely that this case represents a rare presentation of acantholytic dyskeratosis. The relationship to other conditions which show acantholysis and dyskeratosis histologically is discussed.

Acantholysis↗
PubMed1995

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in infancy: report of two affected brothers.

We describe two brothers with eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. Both had recurrent crops of papules and pustules, primarily affecting the scalp. The eruption began in the neonatal period. Both children had a leucocytosis with eosinophilia. Histology revealed folliculitis, with an infiltrate in which eosinophils were predominant. Bacteriological and fungal cultures of pustules were negative. There was a good clinical response to treatment with a topical corticosteroid and dapsone. We review the 28 previously reported cases of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in infancy. The occurrence of this disorder in brothers suggests that an inherited or contagious factor may be involved in its aetiology.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1995

Pyoderma gangrenosum and cranial osteolysis: case report and review of the paediatric literature.

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a poorly understood, ulcerating cutaneous disorder which is rarely seen in the paediatric age-group. We report a 3-year-old boy who developed an ulcer over the left frontoparietal scalp at the age of 1 year. A 9-cm area of underlying cranial bone was destroyed. The appearance on radiographs and CT scan was suggestive of eosinophilic granuloma, osteomyelitis, or other destructive processes. Biopsies of the scalp lesion and calvaria showed granulation tissue and degenerating bone. After the biopsies the scalp lesion increased in size, and wound dehiscence occurred. Ulceration developed at the site of a PPD skin test, which on biopsy was consistent with the diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum. Pyoderma gangrenosum should be added to the differential diagnosis of cutaneous disorders which can result in osteolytic/osteonecrotic defects.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Successful treatment and prophylaxis of scalp seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff with 2% ketoconazole shampoo: results of a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Pityrosporum ovale appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Ketoconazole is an antimycotic agent with a high in vitro and in vivo efficacy against P. ovale. We performed a multicentre study to investigate the efficacy of ketoconazole 2% shampoo in the treatment and prophylaxis of seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff. Five hundred and seventy-five patients presenting with moderate to severe seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff of the scalp were treated with 2% ketoconazole shampoo twice weekly for 2-4 weeks, producing an excellent response in 88%. Of those patients who responded, 312 were included in a prophylactic phase, lasting 6 months. These patients were treated with the active preparation (shampoo containing 2% ketoconazole) once-weekly, once every other week, alternating with placebo (shampoo without ketoconazole), or with placebo only once-weekly. Forty-eight (47%) patients in the placebo group experienced a relapse of seborrhoeic dermatitis, compared with 23 (19%) patients in the active treatment group, and 31 (31%) patients in the active/placebo group. The medication was well tolerated in all three groups. We conclude that ketoconazole 2% shampoo is highly effective, not only in clearing scalp seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff, but also in preventing relapse of the disease when used prophylactically once weekly.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp following surgery.

A 53-year-old woman presented with erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp 6 weeks after a bifrontal skin flap and right frontal craniotomy had been performed for removal of a suprasellar meningioma. Although some authors consider that acute local trauma is a precipitating factor for this condition, we believe that this is the first reported case following a neurosurgical procedure.

Clobetasol↗
PubMed1995

Scalp dermatitis, distinctive hair abnormalities and atopic disease in the ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome.

We report a 2-year-old girl with a combination of the ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly, cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome, distinctive hair abnormalities, scalp dermatitis and atopic disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of scalp dermatitis in the EEC syndrome. Distinctive structural hair abnormalities shared by the syndromes of ectodermal dysplasia and clefting are helicotrichia, pili torti et canaliculi, and cuticle defects, all of which were observed in the present case. A high incidence of atopic disease in certain subsets of ectodermal dysplasia has been reported. In our patient this manifested as food-induced exacerbation of atopic dermatitis, associated with positive prick tests and significant levels of circulating specific IgE.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

Pityrosporum ovale (Malassezia furfur) as the causative agent of seborrhoeic dermatitis: new treatment options.

Several studies indicate that Pityrosporum ovale plays an important role in seborrhoeic dermatitis. Many of these are treatment studies which describe the effectiveness of antimycotics, paralleled by a reduction in the number of P. ovale colonies and then recolonization, leading to a recurrence of seborrhoeic dermatitis. In this study 20 patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp were treated with terbinafine (Lamisil) 1% solution once daily for 4 weeks. Eleven of 18 patients (61%) were cured and they were still free of lesions 2 weeks after stopping treatment. No side-effects related to treatment were seen. There was also a significant reduction in the number of P. ovale colonies. This may explain both the good clinical effect and the observation that all patients who were cleared of P. ovale were still free of lesions 2 weeks after stopping treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Modern external beam radiation therapy for refractory dissecting cellulitis of the scalp.

BACKGROUND: Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp can be an extremely painful and disfiguring dermatological condition. The associated pain can be severe enough in some cases to require opioid analgesics, and this pain in conjunction with the disfigurement can induce significant emotional distress. Conservative treatments often fail to provide relief. Radiation therapy has been successfully used in the past but with outdated equipment and techniques. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of modern external beam radiation therapy techniques for the treatment of dissecting cellulitis of the scalp. METHODS: Four patients with intractable dissecting cellulitis of the scalp were treated with electrons or a combination of electrons and photons to the entire scalp. Daily fraction sizes were 2.5 or 3 Gy and initially prescribed to 15-21 Gy. Patients were re-evaluated 3-4 weeks after completion of therapy. Any residual hair growth was treated with additional radiation treatments to ensure full epilation, up to a maximum dose of 35 Gy. RESULTS: Rapid resolution of pain was seen in all patients with pain. Regression of nodules and decreased discharge was seen in all patients following treatment and cosmesis was subjectively improved. No long-term toxicity has been observed. CONCLUSIONS: Using modern techniques and equipment, radiation therapy appears to be a reasonable option for patients with severe/refractory dissecting cellulitis of the scalp. Acute effects are mild and well tolerated. Aside from alopecia, which was present to some extent in all patients before treatment, no long-term complications have been observed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and pediculosis capitis in resource-poor communities in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Pediculosis capitis and scabies are common parasitic skin diseases, especially in resource-poor communities, but data on epidemiology and morbidity are scanty. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence, seasonal variation and morbidity of pediculosis capitis and scabies in poor neighbourhoods in north-east Brazil. METHODS: The study comprised cross-sectional surveys of a representative population of an urban slum (n = 1460) in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará State (Brazil) and a fishing community 60 km south of the city (n = 605). Study participants were examined for the presence of scabies and pediculosis capitis. In a longitudinal study in the slum, variation of prevalence in different seasons of the year was assessed. RESULTS: Prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 43.4% in the slum and 28.1% in the fishing community. Children aged 10-14 years and females were most frequently affected. Scabies was present in 8.8% of the population in the slum and in 3.8% of the population in the fishing community. There was no consistent pattern of age distribution. Superinfection was common in patients with scabies, and cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with pediculosis capitis. Multivariate analysis showed that age < or = 15 years, being of female sex and living in the urban slum were independent factors contributing to the simultaneous coinfestation with pediculosis capitis and scabies. The longitudinal data from the urban slum showed a characteristic seasonal variation of pediculosis capitis, but no fluctuation of scabies. CONCLUSIONS: Pediculosis capitis and scabies are hyperendemic in the study areas and are associated with considerable morbidity. There is an urgent need to develop control measures for these parasitic skin diseases in resource-poor communities. This is the first community-based study describing in detail the epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and head lice infestation in Brazil.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective study of the efficacy of topical anaesthesia with a eutetic mixture of lignocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% for topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for extensive scalp actinic keratoses.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment modality for the treatment of extensive scalp actinic keratoses (AKs), but pain is a significant drawback when treating large areas with topical PDT using 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) as sensitizer. A recent study has shown that use of tetracaine gel (Ametop) did not significantly reduce pain associated with PDT. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefit of a eutetic mixture of lignocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% (Emla) on pain during topical ALA-PDT treatment of scalp AKs. METHODS: Fourteen men aged 59-83 years with extensive scalp AKs were recruited into a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Two treatment fields were defined (right and left frontal scalp) and were treated 2 weeks apart. These fields were randomized to receive either Emla or Aqueous cream as first or second treatment. ALA 20% cream was applied for 4 h. Topical anaesthesia or Aqueous cream was applied for 2 h. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (0-100 mm) at 3, 6, 12 and 16 min. The instrument used for this was a blinded counter with one side reading 'no pain' to 'worst pain ever' with a numerical scale (0-100) on the reverse side. Pain scores were assessed looking at median and interquartile range and confidence intervals and calculating differences between treatment groups and analysing them using a paired t-test. RESULTS: Thirteen patients received treatment to both fields. No significant difference in mean pain scores was seen with the use of Emla cream compared with placebo during treatment of scalp AKs (P = 0.328). There was no significant difference in requirement for oral analgesia following PDT between the two groups (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Our data do not support the routine use of topical anaesthesia with Emla for topical PDT.

Aged↗