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PubMed1988

Union republic migration trends in the USSR during the 1980s.

"This article examines union republic migration trends in the USSR between 1979 and 1987 and prospects for indigenous out-migration from rural areas in Central Asia. The study is based on migration data derived by the residual technique and migration data from the 1985 microcensus. Results indicate that a south-to-north and probably Russian-dominated migration trend emerged in the 1980s, one which marks an almost complete reversal from earlier periods, especially 1959-70. Although Central Asia continues to have low levels of indigenous out-migration, labor surpluses and relatively waning capital investment in Central Asia may change this situation."

Demography↗
PubMed1990

The end of an affair? Geography and fertility in late post-transitional societies.

A common theme in the writings of population geographers with a fertility interest has been a concern with the convergence of interregional fertility differentials. It is now clear, however, that the widespread achievement in western societies of below-replacement fertility has resulted in a dramatic diminution of most forms of differential fertility, whether sectoral or spatial. The question of "what remains for the spatial analyst working in the traditional ecological mode?" must therefore be asked. An analysis of small-area fertility differentials in NSW in 1986 suggests (a) that most of the variability in local marital and total fertility is not statistically significant, and (b) that even if this problem is ignored, traditional ecological analysis has only trivial 'explanatory' power. While complete spatial uniformity is unlikely ever to be achieved, it is argued that the intrasocietal convergence of reproductive norms and behavior has proceeded so far that conventional geographic approaches to the analysis of fertility are unlikely any longer to be, if they ever were, fruitful

Australia↗
PubMed1981

Regional variations of mortality in Norway.

Regional and rural and urban differences in mortality in Norway are examined since the mid-nineteenth century. "A levelling-out of variations took place as an aspect of the rapid reduction of mortality during the first half of this century. The northeasternmost part of the country, however, still stands out as a region of relatively high mortality. Particularly low levels of mortality are found in the predominantly rural parts of East, South and West Norway...." A higher level of mortality in urbanized areas is also noted.

Demography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The distribution and geographical origin of some French surnames.

The geographical distribution of the principal form of a French surname and its close variants (in spelling or pronunciation) has been analysed based on the French births registers, respectively from 1891 to 1915 and from 1916 to 1940, and on telephone directories for 1975. The spatial analysis of the individuals with the principal form of the surname suggests the existence of a positive spatial autocorrelation and three major areas of concentration in central France, the Loire country and Northern France. Within these three main areas of concentration, in 1975 most of the telephone subscribers with the principal surname are listed in rural communes with fewer than 3000 inhabitants, suggesting that the geographical pattern is not recent. Moreover, between the end of the 19th century and 1975 this pattern remains fairly constant. The geographical distribution of the holders of a 'variant' form of the surname shows the existence of a positive correlation between the absolute frequency of the principal surname and that of the variants, but only one area of concentration appears in Loire country. By analogy with the theory of centres of origin in genetics and linguistics, it is suggested that this unique area of concentration could be the region in which the surname originated. If that hypothesis proves to be correct, two main consequences follow: large migration movements occurred before the general rural exodus of the last century, and there has been no major, recent admixture of populations.

Directories as Topic↗
PubMed2001

Epidemiological and ecological characteristics of past dengue virus infection in Santa Clara, Peru.

To determine risk factors associated with dengue (DEN) virus infection among residents of Santa Clara, Peru, a rural Amazonian village near Iquitos, a cross-sectional serological, epidemiological and environmental survey was conducted. Demographic, social and behavioural information was obtained by standardized questionnaire from 1225 Santa Clara residents (61.3%) aged 5 years or older. Additional data were obtained on the environmental variables and immature mosquito species and abundance surrounding each household (n = 248). Sera that had been collected previously by the Peruvian Ministry of Health from residents were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for DEN virus IgG antibody. Antibody identity was verified as DEN by plaque reduction neutralization test. Data on individuals were analysed by univariate and multivariable methods, and independent sample t-tests. Spatial clustering was evaluated by comparing distances among DEN positive households. Overall, antibody prevalence was 29.4 % and more than doubled from the youngest to the oldest age groups, but did not differ by sex. Curiously, length of residence in Santa Clara was negatively associated with DEN virus antibodies. More frequent travel to Iquitos was positively associated with seroprevalence. Residents who obtained water from a river source rather than a local well also had significantly higher antibody prevalence. None of the environmental variables measured at each household corresponded to the patterns of antibody distribution. Of the larval mosquitoes found around residences, all were determined to be species other than Aedes. No evidence of spatial autocorrelation among antibody-positive households was detected. These results strongly suggested that recent DEN virus transmission did not occur in the village and that most infections of residents of this rural village were acquired while visiting the city of Iquitos.

Adolescent↗