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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Transcutaneous migration of a tibial bioabsorbable interference screw after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

We present a case of a poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) tibial bioabsorbable interference screw disengaging and migrating transcutaneously 12 months after successful anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadrupled hamstrings autograft. No graft insufficiency or joint inflammatory reaction was present. The screw was removed surgically with no evidence of resorption. The graft was well incorporated into the tibial tunnel. The patient recovered without difficulties and returned to her preinjury level of activity. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported of disengagement and extrusion of a PLLA bioabsorbable interference screw.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1990

Rapid refilling of neurosecretory terminals with secretory granules after an acute stimulus to the isolated neural lobe of the rat.

Quantitative ultrastructural techniques were used to study changes in the distribution of intracellular organelles in neurosecretory terminals of the rat neurohypophysis during recovery from a depolarising stimulus in vitro. The volumetric density of neurosecretory granules which, in profiles of nerve terminals sectioned through the area of contact with the basal lamina, was decreased as a result of stimulation, returned to control values within 2 h after cessation of stimulation. We conclude that, even in the absence of the cell body and action potentials propagated from it, granules can migrate quickly within the terminal region of the neurosecretory axons to refill a depleted compartment.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Modulation of gelsolin content in rat aortic smooth muscle cells during development, experimental intimal thickening and culture. An immunohistochemical and biochemical study.

Gelsolin is a Ca2+ and polyphosphoinositol-phospholipid regulated modulator of actin polymerization present in most mammalian cells and in plasma. Cytoplasmic gelsolin was first described in highly motile cells such as leukocytes, where actin polymerization is dynamic; however arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC), despite their stabilized actin bundles, express high levels of gelsolin. We have investigated gelsolin modulation in rat aortic SMC by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and Northern hybridization using three models which are known to show modulation of actin isoform expression: development, aortic intimal thickening after experimental endothelial injury, and growth in culture. When related to the protein and mRNA content of adult aortic SMC, gelsolin is expressed about 50% in aortic SMC of five-day-old rats, 20-30% in SMC of intimal thickening 15 days after endothelial injury (when SMC are actively replicating) and in SMC growing in culture; in intimal thickening 60 days after injury (when SMC have returned to quiescence), the gelsolin content becomes similar to that of control SMC. The high level of gelsolin in smooth muscle (SM) tissues and the down regulation with proliferation and migration raises the question as to whether gelsolin in these cells has functions other than the dynamic control of actin filament length. The similar modulation patterns of gelsolin and alpha-SM actin suggest a preferential interaction between these two proteins.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Expression of ICAM-1 in airway epithelium after acute ozone exposure in the mouse.

We investigated the time course and regional distribution of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on airway epithelial cells and the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) inflammatory response in the lung after acute exposure to ozone (O3). C57BL/6J mice were exposed to air or 2 ppm O3 for 3 h and killed immediately or 3, 6, 9, or 21 h after exposure. Expression of ICAM-1 was examined by immunohistochemical staining of frozen sections. PMN influx was evaluated by lavage and by histochemical staining of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and measurement of tissue MPO activity. ICAM-1 expression exhibited regional selectivity and temporal patterns that were unique to each region. Upregulation of ICAM-1 expression on the epithelial cells in the trachea, and to a lesser extent in the lobar and segmental bronchi, was observed 3-9 h after exposure and remained present at 21 h. Enhanced ICAM-1 expression in bronchioles and terminal bronchiole/alveolar duct regions was evident earlier (immediately to 3 h after exposure) but returned to baseline levels by 21 and 9 h, respectively. Maximal ICAM-1 expression and PMN influx in the lung parenchyma were concurrently observed at 3 h, followed by transepithelial migration of PMNs to the airway lumen. These results demonstrate regional variations in airway inflammatory activity and are supportive of the notion that upregulation of ICAM-1 on the airway epithelium may play a role in local regulation of PMN influx to the airways after acute O3 exposure.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2003

Fibronectin-associated Fas ligand rapidly induces opposing and time-dependent effects on the activation and apoptosis of T cells.

Recently, it has been shown that Fas ligand (FasL) interacts with the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin (FN), and that the bound FasL retains its cytotoxic efficacy. Herein, we examined the ramifications of FasL-ECM protein interactions throughout a specific time period, in the absence or presence of additional activating molecules, assuming that these complexed interactions occur during inflammation. We found that exposure of purified human T cells to FN-associated recombinant FasL for as brief as 5-10 min at 0.1-100 ng/ml induced their adhesion in beta(1) integrin- and FasR-dependent manners while activating the intracellular protein kinase, Pyk-2. The FN-associated FasL stops the CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha)-induced chemotaxis of T cells by inhibiting the chemokine-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling and cytoskeletal rearrangement. This short term exposure of T cells to the FN-bound FasL (1 ng/ml), which was followed by T cell activation via the CD3 complex, resulted in 1) increased secretion of IFN-gamma (measured after 24 h), and 2) enhanced T cell apoptosis (measured after 72 h). Thus, in the context of inflamed ECM and depending on the time after FasL activation, its concentration, and the nature of other contextual mediators, FasL initially retains effector T cells at sites of inflammation and, later, induces T cell apoptosis and return to homeostasis.

Actins↗
PubMed1998

Cardiovascular mortality of Turkish nationals residing in West Germany.

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that cardiovascular mortality of Turkish nationals residing in West Germany (mainly former "guest workers" and their families) has been increasing over the past 15 years. Reasons would be their minority status and migration-related lifestyle changes. METHODS: Using registry data for the period 1981-1994, we calculated mortality rates from cardiovascular disease (CVD) (international classification of diseases (ICD) 390-459), ischemic heart disease (IHD) (ICD 410-414) and cerebrovascular disease (CVA) (ICD 430-438) of Turkish nationals aged 25-64 years and residing in West Germany, numbering 730,000 in 1981 and 941,000 in 1994. RESULTS: Between 1981 and 1994, age-adjusted CVD mortality rates (per 100,000) decline from 103 to 85 (-18%) in Turkish men and from 227 to 149 (-34%) in West German men. IHD mortality declines from 64 to 53 (-16%) in Turkish men and from 138 to 82 (-41%) in German men. CVD mortality of Turkish women remains around 45 while that of West German women declines from 84 to 57 (-33%). CONCLUSIONS: Our hypothesis was not confirmed. Turkish residents experience a stable or decreasing CVD and overall mortality which is lower than that of West Germans. Selective return to Turkey of individuals manifestly ill with CVD is improbable. Neither minority status nor a postulated unfavorable genetic disposition currently have a discernible effect on CVD mortality rates of Turkish residents. Future research should relate individual migration history, socio-economic status, and risk factor levels to mortality experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Laparoscopic mesh repair antireflux surgery for treatment of large hiatal hernia.

SUMMARY: One of the most frequently occurring anatomic failures after laparoscopic fundoplication is migration of the wrap into the chest, with or without disruption. This so-called 'slipped' Nissen fundoplication may be the result of inadequate closure of the diaphragmatic crura or rupture of the sutures or disruption of the muscle fibers approached. From January 2000 to December 2002, a total of seven patients (four male) with a mean age of 56 years (range 22-72 years), were considered for laparoscopic antireflux procedure using DACRON mash to reinforce the crural hiatal closure. The patients were operated under general anesthesia; laparoscopy was performed by classical approach with five trocars. The mean operative time was 120 minutes (range 40-240 min). There were no deaths. The average of postoperative hospital stay was 3.5 days (range, 3-5). Patients returned to normal activities usually on postoperative day 10 (range, 7-15). The follow-up time was at least 2 years. There was only one late complication related to the use of DACRON mesh at the hiatus, due to migration of the mesh into the esophageal lumen causing disphagia. In conclusion the mesh repair antireflux surgery is a good alternative for closing the diaphragmatic defect in large hiatal hernias or to correct this problem in case of recurrence or Barrett's esophagus.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Protein kinase B/Akt acts via glycogen synthase kinase 3 to regulate recycling of alpha v beta 3 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins.

Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt is known to promote cell migration, and this may contribute to the enhanced invasiveness of malignant cells. To elucidate potential mechanisms by which PKB/Akt promotes the migration phenotype, we have investigated its role in the endosomal transport and recycling of integrins. Whereas the internalization of alpha v beta 3 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins and their transport to the recycling compartment were independent of PKB/Akt, the return of these integrins (but not internalized transferrin) to the plasma membrane was regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases and PKB/Akt. The blockade of integrin recycling and cell spreading on integrin ligands effected by inhibition of PKB/Akt was reversed by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). Moreover, expression of nonphosphorylatable active GSK-3 beta mutant GSK-3 beta-A9 suppressed recycling of alpha 5 beta 1 and alpha v beta 3 and reduced cell spreading on ligands for these integrins, indicating that PKB/Akt promotes integrin recycling by phosphorylating and inactivating GSK-3. We propose that the ability of PKB/Akt to act via GSK-3 to promote the recycling of matrix receptors represents a key mechanism whereby integrin function and cell migration can be regulated by growth factors.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Endovascular repair of external iliac artery occlusion after hip prosthesis migration.

PURPOSE: To report emergent endovascular intervention to restore lower extremity arterial patency after migration of a hip prosthesis caused thrombosis of the external iliac artery (EIA). CASE REPORT: Nine months following left hip revision arthroplasty, a 66-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Department with the complaints of an acutely painful left lower extremity for over 6 hours. Imaging showed the metallic acetabular portion of the hip prosthesis in the iliac fossa, with severe external compression of the EIA. After thrombolysis to remove clot from the EIA, an 8x60-mm self-expanding Smart stent was deployed in the left EIA from a contralateral access. The procedure was successful, and the patient was discharged. An infected wound from a compartment fasciotomy delayed revision of the hip prosthesis. Nine weeks after stenting, the patient returned with a cold, pulseless left limb; a femorofemoral bypass was constructed to restore perfusion. CONCLUSIONS: While stent placement restored flow for 9 weeks after the initial ischemic event, the recurrent thrombosis could have been prevented by earlier revision of the migrated prosthesis.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Adenosine-induced heart arrest for endovascular reconstruction of thoracic aneurysms of the aorta].

INTRODUCTION: Endovascular stent-graft repair is a less invasive technique than traditional open aortic reconstruction for strictly selected patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysms. To prevent distal migration of the device as a result of the propulsive flow during systole, it is helpful to induce temporary asystole for > or = 20 s while the stent-graft is placed in the thoracic aorta. CASE STUDY: We report here a case study of a patient who was given a bolus dose of 60 mg of adenosine to induce temporary asystole. Placement of the stent-graft was successfully performed during the temporary asystole. After 45 s the patient returned to normal sinus rhythm. He was extubated 4 h after the conclusion of surgery and was discharged after 1 week. CONCLUSION: Induction of temporary asystole with bolus adenosine to facilitate placement of stent-grafts in the thoracic aorta is a simple, easy and effective method of avoiding distal device migration.

Adenosine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo evaluation of the effects of gravitational force (+Gz) on over-the-wire stainless steel Greenfield inferior vena cava filter in swine.

This study was done to determine the effect of exposure to gravitational force (acceleration stress) on in vivo over-the-wire stainless steel Greenfield inferior vena cava filters. Fifteen pigs underwent venous cut down and placement of a stainless steel Greenfield filter. A 4-week observation period simulated realistic convalescence and allowed sufficient time for epithelialization. Ten pigs were exposed to acceleration stress in a centrifuge (3G run for 15 sec followed by rest until return to baseline heart rate, then a 9G run for 15 sec), with inertial loading in a head-to-tail direction (+Gz). Fluoroscopy during acceleration stress allowed assessment for filter migration. Five pigs were not exposed to acceleration stress. AP and lateral abdominal radiographs were obtained at post-filter placement, convalescence, and centrifuge exposure to determine the position and integrity of the filter. All 15 IVCs were resected and evaluated for gross or histological injury to the vessel wall. IVC filter placement was technically successful in all 15 pigs. Radiographic measurements were limited secondary to differences in pig positioning. Fluoroscopy showed no filter migration. All filters were securely attached to the vena cava by the hooks without gross evidence of perforation or hemorrhage. There were varying degrees of fibroplasia involving the hooks and tip of the filters in both the control and experimental groups. Histologically, there was evidence of prior hemorrhage at the level of the hooks, which was similar between the control and experimental groups. It is concluded that Greenfield filter position and vena caval integrity at the implantation site is unaffected by high acceleration stress.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1991

RNA-protein interactions of stored 5S RNA with TFIIIA and ribosomal protein L5 during Xenopus oogenesis.

We studied the pathway of 5S RNA during oogenesis in Xenopus laevis from its storage in the cytoplasm to accumulation in the nucleus, the sequence requirements for the 5S RNA to follow that pathway, and the 5S RNA-protein interactions that occur during the mobilization of stored 5S RNA for assembly into ribosomes. In situ hybridization to sections of oocytes indicates that 5S RNA first becomes associated with the amplified nucleoli during vitellogenesis when the nucleoli are activity synthesizing ribosomal RNA and assembling ribosomes. When labeled 5S RNA is microinjected into the cytoplasm of stage V oocytes, it migrates into the nucleus, whether microinjected naked or complexed with the protein TFIIIA as a 7S RNP storage particle. During vitellogenesis, a nonribosome bound pool of 5S RNA complexed with ribosomal protein L5 (5S RNPs) is formed, which is present throughout the remainder of oogenesis. Immunoprecipitation assays on homogenates of microinjected oocytes showed that labeled 5S RNA can become complexed either with L5 or with TFIIIA. Nucleotides 11 through 108 of the 5S RNA molecule provide the necessary sequence and conformational information required for the formation of immunologically detectable complexes with TFIIIA or L5 and for nuclear accumulation. Furthermore, labeled 5S RNA from microinjected 7S RNPs can subsequently become associated with L5. Such labeled 5S RNA is found in both 5S RNPs and 7S RNPs in the cytoplasm, but only in 5S RNPs in the nucleus of microinjected oocytes. These data suggest that during oogenesis a major pathway for incorporation of 5S RNA into nascent ribosomes involves the migration of 5S RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for storage in an RNP complex with TFIIIA, exchange of that protein association for binding with ribosomal protein L5, and a return to the nucleus for incorporation into ribosomes as they are being assembled in the amplified nucleoli.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ultra-long-duration local anesthesia produced by injection of lecithin-coated methoxyflurane microdroplets.

This study was designed to evaluate a new drug delivery system. The authors undertook to determine if microdroplets prepared by encapsulating volatile anesthetics with a membrane of lecithin could be used for local anesthesia. Local anesthesia was determined by monitoring the response of the rat to tail clamping and electrical stimulation of the skin following the intradermal injection of the microdroplets. Microdroplets were prepared from isoflurane, enflurane, halothane, methoxyflurane, diethyl ether, chloroform, and heptane. Although all microdroplet preparations produced local anesthesia, only methoxyflurane microdroplets produced an ultra-long duration of local anesthesia (approximately 24 h). Further characterization of the methoxyflurane microdroplets revealed two important differences from conventional local anesthetics. First, the local anesthetic effect of methoxyflurane reached a plateau that did not change significantly for 20 h while the injection of lidocaine and bupivacaine resulted in a peak effect that returned to baseline within 1 and 3 h, respectively. Second, the anesthetic effect of methoxyflurane remained essentially localized to the site of injection, while the anesthetic effect of lidocaine and bupivacaine migrated 15 cm in less than 1 h. The toxicity and safety of methoxyflurane were evaluated. When administered over the dosage range 1-16% (v/v) intradermally, or by injections into muscle, or by repeat injections every 4 days for 16 days, all animals regained their pretreatment response to painful stimulations, and there was no evidence of gross injury to tissue. Deliberate intravenous injection of 0.8 ml of 6.7% (v/v) methoxyflurane microdroplets had no apparent anesthetic or toxic effect. The present study demonstrates that methoxyflurane microdroplets produce an anesthetic effect that is highly localized, stable in intensity, ultra-long in duration, and reversible.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed2000

Long-term follow-up of trauma patients with a vena caval filter.

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important complication in blunt trauma patients. At our Level I trauma center, we had a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) rate of 3.2% from 1993 to 1997 despite an aggressive VTE prophylaxis program. During this time period, we placed vena caval filters (VCF) for both traditional and prophylactic indications. This project was developed to establish a VCF registry for trauma patients to determine the long-term complications of VCF placement. METHODS: A letter was sent to all trauma patients who had a VCF placed from 1993 through 1997. Patients were asked to return for a history and physical examination to detect signs and symptoms related to VTE, a duplex ultrasound of the inferior vena cava, and a plain abdominal radiograph to determine filter migration. RESULTS: There were 191 VCFs inserted in our trauma population from 1993 to 1997. There were 105 patients (75 male and 30 female) available for evaluation, with a mean follow-up of 28.9 months. Forty-one VCFs were placed in patients with DVT or pulmonary embolism, and 64 were placed in patients for prophylactic indications as per the guidelines developed by the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. There were no clinically identifiable complications related to insertion of the VCF. There were no pulmonary embolisms detected after VCF insertion. In follow-up, only one filter (0.95%) migrated, and this was minimal (1 cm cephalad). One (0.95%) vena cava was occluded, based on duplex ultrasonography, and 11 patients (10.4%) had signs or symptoms of leg swelling after hospital discharge. Twenty eight (44%) of the 64 patients with prophylactic VCFs developed a DVT after filter placement. CONCLUSION: VCFs placed in trauma patients have acceptable short- and long-term complication rates. Consideration should be given to prophylactic VCF placement in patients at high risk for VTE. Randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate whether VCF insertion increases the risk for subsequent DVT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Alveolar macrophage kinetics and function after interruption of canine marrow function.

To study the kinetics and function of alveolar macrophages after interruption of marrow function, we performed serial bronchoalveolar lavages in dogs. The studies were performed before and after 9.0 to 9.5 Grey total body irradiation and marrow infusion. Monocytes had disappeared from the bloodstream by Day 7 after the irradiation. Alveolar macrophages were significantly decreased at Day 21. At Days 14 and 21 myeloperoxidase-positive alveolar macrophages were also significantly decreased. Beyond Day 30 the number of circulating monocytes, myeloperoxidase-positive and total alveolar macrophages had returned. Sex chromatin stains of alveolar macrophages obtained from a male dog that received female marrow indicated that the repopulating macrophages were of marrow origin. In vitro studies of alveolar macrophage migration and phagocytosis demonstrated increased activities beyond Day 30. These studies suggest that in this model the alveolar macrophage is dependent on the bone marrow for support and that the alveolar macrophage depletion may impair lung defense mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Apoptosis and differentiation in the crypt-villus unit of the rat small intestine.

This investigation utilized immunocytochemical and fluorescent protocols to analyze the roles of cellular proliferation and apoptosis in the regulation of differentiation and senescence of the rat small intestinal mucosa. Specifically, the study localized apoptotic zones of the villus through the use of enzymatic tags; established the transition point between cell growth and differentiation, i.e. the point of no return where crypt cells differentiate into absorptive cells with barrier functions; and the role that plasmalemmal, cytoskeletal, junctional and extracellular matrix (ECM) elements may play in the regulation of differentiation and migration of epithelial cells from crypt to villus. Apoptosis was relegated to the villus tip forming a prominent 'apoptotic cuff' of cells. Close scrutiny of these cuffs reveals the presence of apoptotic cells adjacent to non-apoptotic (healthy) cells. Mid-villus epithelial cells were non-apoptotic and all cells in the crypt-villus unit expressed Bcl-2 activity. Intestinal lactase expression was prominent in post-mitotic cells along the villus, while cells in the crypt and base were negative for lactase activity. In contrast, all the cells of the crypt-villus unit were intensely reactive for F-actin. Close scrutiny of isolated cells and frozen sections indicates specific localization of actin in the microvillus region, apical cytoplasm, basolateral and lateral plasmalemma which was in close proximity to fibronectin in the basement lamina. Occludin positive junctional networks were prominent at villus tips, where senescent and apoptotic cells were also most prominent, suggesting that tight junctional integrity was essential to barrier, digestive and absorptive functions in all regions of the mucosa.

Actins↗
PubMed2006

[Early primary total hip arthroplasty for acetabular fractures in elderly patients].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with acetabular fractures due to a low-energy injury. Acute primary THA included an antiprotrusion cage and autologous bone grafting of the acetabulum. This prospective study was carried out between 1998 and 2004. MATERIAL: Ten patients, of whom six were men, (average age, 71 years; range, 60 to 83 years) with acetabular fractures were treated by THA. Two patients had type A2, two had type B1, three had type B2 and three had type B3 fractures, as assessed by the AO classification. X-ray showed osteoporosis due to decreased bone mass in all patients, and dislocations of the fragments in the weight-bearing area of the joint exceeded 1 cm. The average follow-up was 36 months. METHODS: Indications for primary THA included, in addition to higher age, displacement in the fracture line exceeding 1 cm, a fracture line extending to the weight-bearing part of the acetabulum, presence of hip arthritis, cartilage injury, defects of the weight-bearing area of either the femoral head or acetabulum, and Pipkin type IV injury. The interval between accident and surgery ranged from 6 to 12 days (average, 9.5). Three surgical techniques were used, namely, cemented THA with a polyethylene cup cemented into an acetabulum-stabilizing cage; reconstruction with a cementless RSC acetabular component; internal fixation using screws and a cemented cup. Bone grafting of the acetabulum was used in all patients. Evaluated were basic operative parameters, complications, X-ray findings, ability to walk and Merle d'Aubigne scores. RESULTS: The average operative time was 100 min, the average blood loss was 1000 ml. Hip motion showed the following average values: flexion, 110 degrees ; extension, 10 degrees ; rotation, 30 degrees -0 degrees -30 degrees ; adduction, 25 degrees ; abduction, 35 degrees . All patients returned to their preoperative range of motion. X-ray examination showed good reduction, bone graft was completely incorporated in the acetabulum, and no displacement or signs of loosening or graft migration were recorded. Two patients had Brooker type I heterotropic ossification. The final evaluation of function at 36 months on the basis of the Merle d'Aubigne classification showed excellent and good results in four (57 %) and three (43 %) patients, respectively. The remaining three patients had a shorter follow-up, but were fully mobile with no complications observed. DISCUSSION: It has been reported that bony union of acetabular fracture after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) was achieved in 74 % patients younger than 60 years, but in only 44 % of the patients older than 60 years. Secondary THA following ORIF is a demanding technique. Due to adhesions and a frequent malposition of the acetabulum, THA is associated with and increased risk of infection, tendency to develop para-articular ossifications, and a higher risk of early component loosening than in the standard procedure. One of the options is to perform acetabular stabilization and primary THA at one stage. The results of our study are fully in agreement with those reported for THA in hip arthritis or dislocated fracture of the femoral neck. CONCLUSIONS: Acute primary THA with the use of a antiprotrusion cage and bone grafting for acetabular fractures in elderly patients allows us to employ only one surgical technique for definitive repair. It provides primary stability and immediate pain relief, permits graded weight-bearing and early pain-free mobilization, and may also treat hip arthritis, if it exists. This technique has also good prospects for a selected group of younger patients in whom the treatment of acetabular fractures has a poor prognosis. Key words: acetabular fracture, elderly patient, primary total hip arthroplasty.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1988

In vivo effects of transient neutrophil influx on nasal respiratory epithelial mucosubstances. Quantitative histochemistry.

Certain inhaled toxicants are known to induce mucous hypersecretion in the respiratory epithelium. This secretory change may be a direct effect of the toxicant or an indirect effect of the concomitant inflammatory response. The present study was designed to determine by quantitative histochemistry whether the influx of neutrophils through the nasal respiratory epithelium would induce significant quantitative changes in the amount of intraepithelially stored mucosubstance. F344/N rats were intranasally instilled with endotoxin to elicit a transient influx of neutrophils into the nasal epithelium. Peak intraepithelial infiltration of neutrophils was evident 6 hours after instillation. There was a concurrent quantitative decrease in stored epithelial mucosubstance at the same time after instillation. Amounts of epithelial mucosubstance returned to that measured prior to neutrophil infiltration by 24 hours after instillation, when intraepithelial neutrophils were diminishing. Rats in which circulating neutrophils were sequestered in the lungs and prevented from migrating into endotoxin-exposed nasal epithelium had no change in the quantity of stored mucosubstance 6 hours after instillation. Therefore, it is concluded that a transepithelial migration of neutrophils elicits a transient depletion of stored mucosubstances in the nasal respiratory epithelium. Whether this is due to the release of secretagogues from the migrating leukocytes or another neutrophil-related method of stimulating mucous secretion is not known.

Animals↗