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Results for “Reality Testing”

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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Computer-facilitated therapy for inpatients with schizophrenia.

The authors present three case vignettes in which inpatients with schizophrenia participated in psychotherapy sessions that included three phases: traditional verbal psychotherapy, computer-facilitated therapy, and recapitulation of the session. In the computer-facilitated phase, the therapist typed the conversation between the patient and therapist, and the patient was able to look at the computer screen to review what was said. Clinical observation was used to determine patients' frequency of delusional symptoms during the first two phases. For all three patients, the frequency of delusional symptoms decreased from the first to the second phase. The computer, by visually representing words, may facilitate communication by compensating for deficits in auditory processing, information processing, attention, and memory often found among patients with schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Love in the therapeutic alliance.

Volumes have been written about the patient's love for the therapist, but there has been relatively little discussion of the therapist's love for the patient. In an attempt to create a theoretical and technical space for discussing the appropriateness and role of love in the therapeutic relationship, a revised concept of the therapeutic alliance is applied to provide technical guidelines and understanding of two kinds of love between patient and therapist, corresponding to two systems of self-esteem regulation: an open, reality-oriented system and a closed, sadomasochistic system organized according to omnipotent beliefs. Examples of the role of love through the phases of treatment illustrate the interrelationship of love and the accomplishment of therapeutic alliance tasks.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The social character of thinking.

What Freud called "the reality principle," or judgment, presumes on the part of the child who has arrived at judgment the implicit grasp of a complex of concepts: truth and falsity, belief, subjective and objective, the objectively real, my perspective and yours. Work in both philosophy and infant research points to the essential importance in the development of judgment of a triangulating situation that involves particular sorts of communications between two creatures and an external object that interests them both. In this light Bion's theory of thinking is critically examined and the meaning of primary process and fantasy is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Paranoia and beating fantasy: an inquiry into the psychoanalytic theory of paranoia.

Psychoanalytic contributions to the theory of paranoia are reviewed. As a primary problem underlying paranoia, this paper emphasizes the importance of beating fantasy associated with a fragile personality structure rather than the theory of repressed homosexuality. Castration anxiety and homosexual conflict may precipitate paranoia, but all levels of psychosexual development and their corresponding danger situations contribute to the transformed fantasy of persecution and punishment; early infantile narcissism, aggression, and sadomasochism are especially important. Severe preoedipal disturbance has contributed to deficient ego development and oedipal resolution. The failure to negotiate separation-individuation is associated with narcissistic arrest and impaired object relations and testing of reality. Ego integration, identity and sexual identity are unstable. Attempts at undoing, repair, or revenge of traumata and narcissistic injury and the maintenance of ego stability and (narcissistic) object relationship are more fundamental than homosexual object choice or the negative Oedipus complex in the understanding of paranoid psychopathology.

Fantasy↗
PubMed1982

"Developmental lag" in the evolution of technique for psychoanalysis of neurotic conflict.

The practice of psychoanalysis of neurotic conflict has not--to the extent that might be expected--evolved a consistent use in technique of available knowledge of the ego's mechanisms of defense. This is primarily related to a general resistance that can usefully be regarded as a "developmental lag." The evidence for this, particularly in Freud's writings, is reviewed as are the observations of others who have made note of this phenomenon. Some of the reasons that have contributed to this resistance among analysts are discussed.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

The psychoanalysis of time.

The experience of time has been studied psychoanalytically largely through the conceptual frameworks of ego psychology and classical analysis. The implications of self psychology and Lacanian theory for understanding time experience have been relatively little explored. These implications would develop, on the one hand, from Kohut's investigations of fragmentation phenomena and, on the other, from Lacan's concept of the ego and his use of the short session. But time experience cannot be understood entirely in terms of individual histories and the psychoanalytic situation. A preoccupation with time is central to Western culture and is traceable to the social context--thirteenth-century monasticism--in which the clock was first invented. Time enters the analytic session especially in the handling of beginnings and ends, reflecting divergent notions of the purpose of treatment. The standing of time-frame rules in the different systems defined by ego psychology, self psychology, and Lacanian theory are examined together with their underlying assumptions about the nature of reality. These metaphysical issues--no longer academic but made concretely meaningful in each session--go beyond illuminating the concept of time. Our response to them will determine both the direction of each patient's treatment and the course of psychoanalysis itself.

Adult↗