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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Functional conditions of the respiratory system and work site pollution. III. Relationships between "risk indicators" and "respiratory risk" in a chemical industry (author's transl)].

The results are reported of a retrospective study carried out by the authors on 717 workers of a chemical industry whose exposure was diversified and quantified through a work environment survey. A comparison between "risk indicators" and both objective (respiratory function changes) and subjective (chronic bronchopneumopathy symptoms) "risks" showed a significant probability of the causal role played by work environment pollution in respect of the repiratory changes found by the authors.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1995

Shear-augmented dispersion in the respiratory system.

Biological systems contain numerous examples of shear-augmented dispersion in which gradients in the velocity profile act in concert with lateral mixing or molecular diffusion to cause materials to disperse at an enhanced rate. Some of the better known examples are found in the respiratory or cardiovascular systems, but other applications include the dispersal of pollutants discharged into a flowing stream, the mixing of contaminants in groundwater flows and the possibility of enhanced transport rates through tissues subjected to transient loads. This review focuses on two examples in the respiratory system, bolus dispersion and high-frequency ventilation, that draw upon a broad range of fundamental studies in shear-augmented dispersion. Simple examples are considered which contain specific features of the considerably more complex real situations. These features include, for example, the effects of turbulence, secondary flows, absorption by the walls, aerosol deposition, complex geometries and oscillatory flow. A scaling analysis is presented that yields the approximate dependence of effective diffusivities associated with shear-augmented dispersion when more detailed analyses are either not warranted or too complex to be tractable.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Central control of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and their interactions in vertebrates.

This review explores the fundamental neuranatomical and functional bases for integration of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in vertebrates and traces their evolution through the vertebrate groups, from primarily water-breathing fish and larval amphibians to facultative air-breathers such as lungfish and some adult amphibians and finally obligate air-breathers among the reptiles, birds, and mammals. A comparative account of respiratory rhythm generation leads to consideration of the changing roles in cardiorespiratory integration for central and peripheral chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors and their central projections. We review evidence of a developing role in the control of cardiorespiratory interactions for the partial relocation from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus into the nucleus ambiguus of vagal preganglionic neurons, and in particular those innervating the heart, and for the existence of a functional topography of specific groups of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord. Finally, we consider the mechanisms generating temporal modulation of heart rate, vasomotor tone, and control of the airways in mammals; cardiorespiratory synchrony in fish; and integration of the cardiorespiratory system during intermittent breathing in amphibians, reptiles, and diving birds. Concluding comments suggest areas for further productive research.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1975

[Leeches in the respiratory system (author's transl)].

The leech as a foreign body and parasite in the human respiratory tract occurs principally in the Mediterranean countries, in Africa and Asia. It reaches the respiratory tract when water is drunk directly from rivers, lakes, etc. Ignorance of this fact may cause diagnostic difficulties leading to errors in treatment. Anaemia and respiratory obstruction due to leeches cause danger to health and life, especially in children. Fatalities have been known. Treatment consists of endoscopic removal of the parasite, which may be technically difficult, especially when the leech is in the region of the larynx and thus presents dramatic conditions for the procedure. A series of 120 cases treated in Algeria between 1962 and 1971 is presented.

Age Factors↗