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PubMed2003

Societal dimensions of third-party evaluation of Internet health content.

Rating and certification of Internet health content have been suggested as strategies to guide citizens to high quality information. Attempts to rate Internet content, however, have been criticised for being unfeasible or undesirable. We created and tested a novel concept and technology to evaluate online health resources. In this paper, we view various societal issues and suggest solutions whenever possible. Rating and certification of Internet content should be preceded by a consideration and discussion that has many societal dimensions.

Access to Information↗
PubMed2007

Issues in applied statistics for public health bioterrorism surveillance using multiple data streams: research needs.

The objective of this report is to provide a basis to inform decisions about priorities for developing statistical research initiatives in the field of public health surveillance for emerging threats. Rapid information system advances have created a vast opportunity of secondary data sources for information to enhance the situational and health status awareness of populations. While the field of medical informatics and initiatives to standardize healthcare-seeking encounter records continue accelerating, it is necessary to adapt analytic and statistical methodologies to mature in sync with sibling information science technologies. One major right-of-passage for statistical inference is to advance the optimal application of analytic methodologies for using multiple data streams in detecting and characterizing public health population events of importance. This report first describes the problem in general and the data context, then delineates more specifically the practical nature of the problem and the related issues. Approaches currently applied to data with time-series, statistical process control and traditional inference concepts are described with examples in the section on Statistics and the Role of the Analytic Surveillance Data Monitor. These are the techniques that are providing substance to surveillance professionals and enabling use of multiple data streams. The next section describes use of a more complex approach that takes temporal as well as spatial dimensions into consideration for detection and situational awareness regarding event distributions. The space-time statistic has successfully been used to detect and track public health events of interest. Important research questions which are summarized at the end of this report are described in more detail with respect to the methodological application in the respective sections. This was thought to help elucidate the research requirements as summarized later in the report. Following the description of the space-time scan statistical application; this report extends to a less traditional area of promise given what has been observed in recent application of analytic methods. Bayesian networks (BNs) represent a conceptual step with advantages of flexibility for the public health surveillance community. Progression from traditional to the more extending statistical concepts in the context of the dynamic status quo of responsibility and challenge, leads to a conclusion consisting of categorical research needs. The report is structured by design to inform judgment about how to build on practical systems to achieve better analytic outcomes for public health surveillance. There are references to research issues throughout the sections with a summarization at the end, which also includes items previously unmentioned in the report.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

[Informatics in the Croatian health care system].

Informatization process of the Croatian health care system started relatively early. Computer processing of data of persons not covered by health insurance started in 1968 in Zagreb. Remetinec Health Center served as a model of computer data processing (CDP) in primary health care and Sveti Duh General Hospital in inpatient CDP, whereas hospital administration and health service were first introduced to Zagreb University Hospital Center and Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital. At Varazdin Medical Center CDP for health care services started in 1970. Several registries of chronic diseases have been established: cancer, psychosis, alcoholism, and hospital registries as well as pilot registries of lung tuberculosis patients and diabetics. Health statistics reports on healthcare services, work accidents and sick-leaves as well as on hospital mortality started to be produced by CDP in 1977. Besides alphanumeric data, the modern information technology (IT) can give digital images and signals. Communication in health care system demands a standardized format of all information, especially for telemedicine. In 2000, Technical Committee for Standardization in Medical Informatics was founded in Croatia, in order to monitor the activities of the International Standardization Organization (ISO) and Comite Européen de Normalisation (CEN), and to implement their international standards in the Croatian standardization procedure. The HL7 Croatia has also been founded to monitor developments in the communication standard HL7. So far, the Republic of Croatia has a number of acts regulating informatization in general and consequently the informatization of the health care system (Act on Personal Data Confidentiality, Act on Digital Signature, Act of Standardization) enacted. The ethical aspect of data security and data protection has been covered by the Code of Ethics for medical informaticians. It has been established by the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), and the Croatian Society of Medical Informatics (CSMI) has translated it into Croatian and published it on its website. Based on a survey of medical staff attitudes toward health care system informatization, the Croatian health system appears to be ready for informatization. The only requirement is that the present and future health care providers have appropriate medical informatics education, proper computer equipment at their workplace, and an opportunity to participate in the development and/or improvement of the health information system. One of the EU health strategy priorities is the improvement of health information and knowledge. It means that integrated health information systems are required, i.e. systems able to provide key information on health and health care system to the politicians, health professionals and public in general.

Croatia↗
PubMed2004

Enhancing entrepreneurship and professionalism in medical informatics instruction: a collaborative training model.

This report describes an innovative training program designed to foster entrepreneurship and professionalism in students interested in the field of medical informatics. The course was developed through a private-public interinstitutional collaboration involving four academic institutions, one private firm specializing in health care information management systems, and a philanthropic organization. The program challenged students to serve in multiple roles on multidisciplinary teams and develop an innovative hand-held solution for drug information retrieval. Although the course was technically and behaviorally rigorous and required extensive hands-on experience in a nontraditional learning environment, both students and faculty responded positively.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2003

Eighty years of the Slovenian Institute of Public Health: challenges for the future.

Eighty years after the first national public health institution was founded in Slovenia, the Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia (IPHRS) endeavors to meet ever-growing national demands. With the independence of Slovenia in 1991, new tasks had to be tackled, many of which were initially coupled with typical difficulties of a postcommunist country in transition. Also, increasing demands of the European Union (EU) and other international partners had to be met. The IPHRS monitors the health of the Slovenian population and its determinants and contributes to planning and implementation of population-based interventions for the better health of the whole nation. The diversity of the IPHRS activities is mirrored by the organization's internal complexity, multi-disciplinary approach, and links to various sectors. Currently, activities are organized within five centers: Center for Population Health Research; Center for Health Care Organization, Economics and Informatics; Center for Environmental Health; Center for Communicable Diseases; and Center for Health Promotion. The IPHRS is the key national institution in public health research, which is an integral part of all the areas covered by the Institute. The IPHRS also provides education programs in the field of public health. In the near future, it will be important to sustain current activities while integrating into the new program of Community action in the field of public health as well as contributing to the response to challenging public health issues in the wider context of the whole European region. Our aim is to integrate the Institute's activities in the programs relevant to public health issues of outstanding importance in this European sub-region. The IPHRS, given the geographic position and recent history, can act as an intermediate between the public health networks in EU and other countries in the sub-region.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1997

Intellectual property issues in the digital health care world.

The digitization of health care information presents a troublesome challenge to the two core principles of copyright: the expression of an idea should be rewarded and protected for a certain period and the user should be allowed the right to fair quotation during that period. The debate about intellectual property in a digital world will be a major focus over the next few years. Nursing administrators need to become copyright savvy to voice their concerns, protect nursing's works, and ensure that health care information is accessible for the public.

Copyright↗
PubMed2000

Security of electronic patient record and education.

The evolution of the paper-based to Computer-based Patient Records (CPR) or Electronic Patient Records (EPR) changes the way in which we have to perceive and deal with privacy and security issues. The education and awareness of the users and public of the selfsame issues hold a very important role. A survey was conducted by the Laboratory of Health Informatics of the University of Athens concerning the awareness of future health care professionals. The results are discussed further down and an attempt to define profiles of training courses on security is made.

Attitude↗
PubMed1998

The need for a coherent curriculum and supported infrastructure in health informatics education--the HEALNet experience. Health Evidence Application and Linkage Network.

The Canadian National Centres of Excellence Network, Health Evidence Application and Linkage Network (HEALNet) is a network linking universities, the private sector and other public sector organisations in supporting research and fostering commercial opportunities. Its aim is to develop high quality health care decision support methodologies and tools that support the transfer of research evidence into practice. The HEALNet education program aims to support the training of highly qualified personnel as well as the development of educational approaches so that health personnel can better exploit such methodologies and decision support tools given the new opportunities of information technology. There is a need to draw from the different types of expertise within HEALNet to provide an integrated curriculum. At the same time, there is a concern regarding the lack of a coherent infrastructure in health informatics in many Canadian medical schools.

Canada↗
PubMed2005

Creating a vaccine adverse event ontology for public health.

Creation of an ontology for Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) can help immunization stakeholders better understand adverse events. Moreover, it enables the sharing and reuse of machine-readable knowledge and enhances surveillance systems. Linkage of this knowledge base to controlled vocabularies establishes the foundation for integration of information from different applications. This work describes the framework for ontology creation, the collaborative work supporting it and the overall mission of informatics to bridge organizations and enable knowledge sharing.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1992

Health care consequences of the European economic community in 1993 and beyond.

Generally, health services are not covered by the treaties of the European Community. However, to an increasing extent the EC has and will have an influence on national health systems. In particular the effects of regulations made for other sectors have repercussions for health. For example the free movement of labour and the harmonization initiatives have direct effects on the educational curricula for health professions and may, in time increase professional migration within the community. Within the EC research programmes health related topics have been included to an increasing extent. This goes in particular for medical informatics, standardization, quality assurance systems and pharmaceuticals. Indirect effects of the single market will probably appear within the area of insurance, public purchasing and building and other types of construction works. Other areas that probably will be influenced are record security and occupational health benefits.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed2000

Recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) on education in health and medical informatics.

The International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) agreed on international recommendations in health informatics/medical informatics education. These should help to establish courses, course tracks or even complete programs in this field, to further develop existing educational activities in the various nations and to support international initiatives concerning education in health and medical informatics (HMI), particularly international activities in educating HMI specialists and the sharing of courseware. The IMIA recommendations centre on educational needs for healthcare professionals to acquire knowledge and skills in information processing and information and communication technology. The educational needs are described as a three-dimensional framework. The dimensions are: 1) professionals in healthcare (physicians, nurses, HMI professionals, ...), 2) type of specialisation in health and medical informatics (IT users, HMI specialists) and 3) stage of career progression (bachelor, master, ...). Learning outcomes are defined in terms of knowledge and practical skills for healthcare professionals in their role (a) as IT user and (b) as HMI specialist. Recommendations are given for courses/course tracks in HMI as part of educational programs in medicine, nursing, healthcare management, dentistry, pharmacy, public health, health record administration, and informatics/computer science as well as for dedicated programs in HMI (with bachelor, master or doctor degree). To support education in HMI, IMIA offers to award a certificate for high quality HMI education and supports information exchange on programs and courses in HMI through a WWW server of its Working Group on Health and Medical Informatics Education (http:www.imia.org/wg1).

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A bibliometric study on chemical information and computer sciences focusing on literature of JCICS.

A bibliometric approach was used to survey the state-of-the-art of research in the field of chemical information and computer sciences (CICS). By examining the CA database for the articles abstracted under the subsection "Chemical information, documentation, and data processing", Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences (JCICS) was identified to have been the top journal in this subsection for the last 30 years. Based on this result, CA subsections and controlled index terms given to JCICS articles were analyzed to see trends in subjects and topics in the CICS field during the last two decades. These analyses revealed that the subjects of research in CICS have diversified from traditional information science and computer applications to chemistry to "molecular information sciences". The SCISEARCH database was used to grasp interdependency between JCICS and other key journals and also the international nature of JCICS in its publications and citedness.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed2002

E-medicine and health care consumers: recognizing current problems and possible resolutions for a safer environment.

Millions of Americans access the Internet for health information, which is changing the way patients seek information about, and often treat, certain medical conditions. It is estimated that there may be as many as 100,000 health-related Web sites. The availability of so much health information permits consumers to assume more responsibility for their own health care. At the same time, it raises a number of issues that need to be addressed. The health information available to Internet users may be inaccurate or out-of-date. Potential conflicts of interest result from the blurring of the distinction between advertising and professional health information. Also, potential threats to privacy may result from data mining. Health care consumers need to be able to evaluate the quality of the information provided on the Internet. Various evaluative mechanisms such as codes of ethics, rating systems, and seals of approval have been developed to aid in this process. The effectiveness of these solutions is evaluated in this paper. Finally, the paper addresses the importance of including patients in developing standardized quality assurance systems for online health information.

Conflict of Interest↗
PubMedDate not supplied

eHealth in Latin America and the Caribbean: development and policy issues.

This paper reviews trends and issues in health and in the information and communication technologies (ICT) market as they relate to the deployment of eHealth solutions in Latin America and the Caribbean. Heretofore designed for industrialized countries and large organizations, eHealth solutions are being proposed as an answer to a variety of health-system management problems and health care demands faced by all health organizations including those in developing societies. Particularly, eHealth is seen as especially useful in the operational support of the new health care models being implemented in many countries. The authors examine those developments vis-à-vis the characteristics of the Latin American and the Caribbean health-sector organizational preparedness and technological infrastructure, and propose policy and organizational actions to foster the development of eHealth solutions in the region.

Caribbean Region↗