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Results for “Persons with Intellectual Disabilities”

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PubMed2006

[Initial efficacy of intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A against cervical dystonia and general muscular hypertonia in persons with severe motor and intellectual disabilities].

We introduced an intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A (hereafter, BTX-A) in 5 cases of cervical dystonia (CD) with generalized muscular hypertonia (GMH). The patients all had severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID). The initial injections (first and second) of BTX-A exerted a focal muscular relaxant effect in all 5 cases. It is interesting that they decreased hypertonia in the lower extremities, which resulted in an improved activity of daily living (ADL) in 4 cases (80%). This fact reveals the involvement of many muscles in regard to CD and GMH, especially in patients with severe cerebral palsy. As for adverse effects, a mild increase of saliva and cough indicated transient misswallowing in 2 cases (40%) and changes in the pattern of head movement and posture in 2 cases (40%). These effects were all mild and did not disturb ADL in any patient. BTX-A is considered to be safer and worthier of trying to decrease complaints related to CD and GMH than we expected. Furthermore, a modified Tsui's score cannot explain the many benefits from BTX-A in the treatment of SMID. For a reliable assessment of BTX-A therapy used to treat CD and GMH, especially in persons with SMID, more expressible and specific assessment methods will need to be established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The Human Genome Project: considerations for people with intellectual disabilities.

The paper discusses the impact which recent advances in gene technology may have for people with intellectual disabilities. It highlights a conflict between the apparent benefits of advances in genetics for the population in general and the negative effects on persons with intellectual disabilities in particular. This conflict is illustrated in the paper through the use of examples, including the implications of a person's lack of capacity to consent to investigations and treatment; the issue of individual responsibility for antisocial behaviour when this is considered to have a genetic component; and the issue of life and death decisions about treatment in the face of a progressive, genetically determined, disorder. The authors adopt a human rights perspective to discuss these examples because it provides a richness to articulate and justify moral concerns in this area which is lacking in much of the current debate as this is dominated by the primacy of autonomy.

Human Genome Project↗
PubMed2006

Perceptions of teachers and parents on the cognitive functioning of children with severe mental disability and children with congenital deafblindness.

This article reports Phase I results of a questionnaire study on the perceptions of US teachers and parents on the cognitive functioning of children with severe mental disability and children with congenital deafblindness, ages 4-12 years. Teachers were more likely than parents to report emerging skills and to provide examples of how the skill was being taught. Teachers and parents of children with severe mental disability had different perceptions about how children demonstrated understanding of cause-effect, object permanence, memory, incidental cues, reasoning and creativity. Teachers and parents of children with congenital deafblindness differed in their perceptions of how children demonstrate understanding of incidental cues and exhibit reasoning. Both teachers and parents expressed concern about whether choice making was meaningful. Novelty was reported to be a motivating factor for children with severe mental disability, while familiarity was cited as motivating for children with congenital deafblindness. Teachers and parents of all children cited consistency, routine and repetition as important to learning.

Child↗