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In a cross-sectional study of 210 pregnancies resulting in above-average-sized term infants, ponderal and ponderal-like indices were found to be highly correlative with fetal overgrowth. Clinical usefulness, however, is limited because for each index, most large-for-gestational age infants remain unidentified.
Between 1985-87, the total rate of Caesarean sections at the Universitäts-Frauenklinik, Bern, was considerably higher than at the "Kantonales Spital Sursee" (21.1% vs. 8%). A method to analyse the patient population according to parameters, which are likely to influence the section rate, such as birth weight, parity, foetal position, multiple births and placental pathology, is described. After correction for differences in patient population in the two hospitals, the difference in the section rate was reduced to 12% vs. 8%. Whilst the major part of the higher section rate in the University Department could be explained by the greater proportion of patients with an elevated risk for Caesarean delivery, a residual difference remains. Possible explanations for this difference in the section rate between the two hospitals are discussed.
A case is reported of early-onset pre-eclampsia combined with severe malformations including holoprosencephaly and hydrocephaly caused by triploidy. By ultrasonic diagnosis, maternal risks caused by either prolonged pregnancy because of immaturity or inappropriate obstetrical management, i.e. by caesarean section, could be avoided. Ventriculocentesis of the macrocephalic fetus was performed and abortion induced.
Between January 1, 1982 and March 31, 1984, 300 patients were delivered at Graz Gynaecological Clinic who had undergone Caesarean section during their previous delivery or deliveries at the clinic. It was possible to deliver 166 patients (55.3%) of their children vaginally. The rate of spontaneous labour was as high as 91.8% in a group of 61 women who had given birth vaginally once or several times either before or since the Caesarean section. Successful vaginal delivery occurred in 73.5% or 80.6% if the indication for the previous Caesarean section was a breech presentation or a foetal distress, and in 31.7% or 30.6% of those patients whose indication for their previous Caesarean section was a cephalopelvic disproportion or a prolonged labour. The Caesarean section had to be repeated in a total of 134 parturients (44.7%). Of these, the second Caesarean section was indicated primarily (electively) in 29.1%, secondarily in 70.9%. A rupture in the area of the old Caesarean scar occurred in 5 out of 300 cases (1.7%). In four cases this was diagnosed intraoperatively, and once during post partum palpation of the uterine cavity.
A Chiari osteotomy was performed in a macerated female pelvis specimen and the medialization of the distal pelvic segment bearing the hip joint was simulated within a range from 0-2.5 cm. In relation to the medialization different biomechanical hip-parameters were measured as well from the specimen as from the x-ray. For practical purpose the Wiberg CE angle towards the edge of the original acetabulum and the CE' angle towards the edge of the acetabular shelf are important parameters for preoperative calculation of the required amount of medialization.
Patients with tumors of the pelvis, which cannot be treated by chemotherapy or radiation, must undergo hemipelvectomy. The postoperative prosthetic treatment was difficult und not always sufficient. So, a complete internal hemipelvectomy was done by replacement of an artificial part of half pelvis. Before the operation it was necessary to know the measurements of the pelvis exactly. This was done by taking X-ray pictures in anterior--posterior, lateral and axial direction which brought out the relevant diameters for the construction of the artificial pelvis. By using the Computer-Tomography we could get exact slices of the pelvis in the transversal plane. The slices were centrally positioned, then the model was covered with modelling-mass. The result was an exact positive feature of the pelvis which must be replaced.
BACKGROUND: In patients with low back pain (LBP) the position of the pelvis is often a focus of physical or manual therapy. The "gold standard" to determine sacral inclination is by radiograph, but methods to measure sacral inclination externally with an inclinometer have also been introduced. OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of the inclinometer in measuring the sacral inclination in patients with LBP. SUBJECTS: Adult patients with LBP who were referred by the general practitioner to the hospital for radiograph examination of the lumbosacral spine were included. METHODS: Measurement of sacral inclination acquired with the inclinometer, simultaneous with the x-ray exposure, was compared with the "gold standard" measurement of sacral inclination on the radiograph. Regression analysis was used to define the measurement error. RESULTS: Of 50 consecutive patients with LBP, radiographs of 41 patients were useful for the required measurements on the radiograph. The mean difference between the radiographic and inclinometer method was 23.12 degrees. The measurement error was 8.26 degrees. Regression analyses showed poor correlation between both methods (r = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS: The method we used to measure sacral inclination with an inclinometer proved to be invalid.
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Measuring the shape of the buttock-cushion interface has been used successfully in research to study tissue loading and as a means to fabricate custom contoured cushions. Seat contours are also able to provide useful clinical information on the weight-bearing surface of the cushion, which can be used to address posture. This article offers specific case studies that demonstrate how the analysis of seat contours can be used to identify pelvic tilt, pelvic obliquity, and areas of high loading. Seat contour measurements complement other clinical measures, such as seat interface pressures and general postural assessments, to form a more complete picture of the buttock-cushion interface. They have become useful in the clinical management of various pressure and posture problems experienced by individuals with spinal cord injury and other wheelchair users.
Three-year longitudinal changes in body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and metabolic variables were examined in 209 active French women. For the entire group, a weak but significant positive association was found between change in BMI and change in WHR. However, analysis of covariance according to the degree of abdominal fat distribution showed a heterogeneity of this association that was confined to women with abdominal fat distribution. Changes in BMI were positively associated with changes in total cholesterol (P less than 0.05), triglycerides (P less than 0.10), and blood pressure (P less than 0.001), whereas changes in WHR were associated with changes in triglycerides (P less than 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.10). These longitudinal results suggest that a more favorable body-fat pattern and metabolic profile might be achieved by reducing weight, or at least by preventing weight gain, particularly in women with high abdominal-fat distribution.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.