Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Neck Injuries”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A retrospective study of spinal cord injuries in Cape Province rugby players, 1963-1989. Incidence, mechanisms and prevention.

A retrospective study was undertaken to determine aetiological factors for 117 catastrophic neck injuries in rugby players admitted to the Spinal Cord Unit, Conradie Hospital, Cape Town, between 1963 and 1989. Nineteen of these players were known to be dead; the files of another 10 were missing. Questionnaires were sent to the remaining 88 players and 52 responded (59%). Their data were supplemented with information obtained from the medical records of the patients who did not respond. The annual number of admissions increased dramatically after 1976 with 83% of all injuries occurring after that date. A further increase since 1984 contrasts with a falling incidence of these injuries in Britain, Australia and New Zealand. Increased risk of injury was related to the following factors: 98% of injuries occurred in matches and 81% were incurred by adults; 69% of injuries occurred in age-group A team or senior first team players; and 57% of injuries occurred in the tackle situation and 39% in scrums, rucks and mauls. Hooker, centre and flyhalf were the playing positions at greatest risk. Injuries were more common in early season matches and again after the mid-season break. This study confirmed that spinal cord injuries occur under predictable circumstances and are therefore foreseeable and preventable. The high incidence of these injuries in the Cape Province is as unacceptable today as it was when first reported in 1977.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Changes in the centre of mass and moment of inertia of a headform induced by a hockey helmet and face shield.

A study of the hockey helmet and face shield as potential contributors to cervical spinal cord trauma (burst vertebral fractures and cord injury) was undertaken. The main concern was whether the alteration in the location of the c of m or in the mass moment of inertia (Icm) of a player's head, induced by a helmet and face shield, would predispose him to a hyperflexion neck posture. The c of m and Icm of a bare Hodgson-WSU humanoid headform (H) were first determined and then the same measures were made with a helmet (H + h) and with a helmet and face shield (H+h+f). Of the nine different helmet and face shields evaluated none caused the c of m to move more than 6mm from that of H. Measurements made on minor hockey players aged 8 to 15 years indicated that the proportion of maximum isometric neck strength required to hold the head in the typical skating posture while wearing a helmet and face shield ranged from 8% to 12%. It seems unlikely that this would predispose to the hyperflexion neck posture. The Icm of H+h increased by 68% and of H+h+f by 89% from that of H and when translated to a pivot point on the neck (C7-T1) the change in I was 30% for H+h and 41% for H+h+f. The effect on the neck of such an increase in I could lead to strain on the neck ligaments and musculature but would not account for a burst fracture of a vertebrae. Thus, in and of themselves, the helmet and face shield do not appreciably alter the dynamics of the neck thereby predisposing the wearer to increased neck injury risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Selective cervical spine radiography in blunt trauma: methodology of the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS).

Fear of failure to identify cervical spine injury has led to extremely liberal use of radiography in patients with blunt trauma and remotely possible neck injury. A number of previous retrospective and small prospective studies have tried to address the question of whether any clinical criteria can identify patients, from among this group, at sufficiently low risk that cervical spine radiography is unnecessary. The National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) is a very large, federally supported, multicenter, prospective study designed to define the sensitivity, for detecting significant cervical spine injury, of criteria previously shown to have high negative predictive value. Done at 23 different emergency departments across the United States and projected to enroll more than 20 times as many patients with cervical spine injury than any previous study, NEXUS should be able to answer definitively questions about the validity and reliability of clinical criteria used as a preliminary screen for cervical spine injury.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed2003

A new approach to the analysis of multiple injuries using data from a national trauma registry.

OBJECTIVE: To present a new systematic approach for summarizing multiple injury diagnosis data into patient injury profiles. DESIGN: International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification injury diagnosis codes were classified using a modification of the Barell body region by nature of injury diagnosis matrix, then grouped by body region, injury nature, or a combination of both. Profiles were built which describe patients' injury combinations based on matrix units, enabling the analysis of patients, and not only the study of injuries. SETTING: The Israeli national trauma registry was used to retrieve patient demographic data, injury details, and information on treatment and outcome. Patients or subjects: All hospitalized patients injured in road traffic accidents and included in the trauma registry from January 1997 to December 2000 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient profiles consisting of body regions, injury natures, their combination, and their clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The study population comprised 17459 patients. Head and neck injuries were the most frequent in all subpopulations except for motorcyclists who sustained most injuries in the extremities. Fractures were the most common injury nature (60%). Pedestrians and drivers had the highest proportion of multiple injuries in both profiles. Forty eight percent of the patients had a single cell profile. The most frequent conditions as a sole condition were extremity fractures (14%), internal injuries to the head (11%), and injuries of other nature to the torso (6%). Mortality, length of stay, and intensive care unit treatment varied dramatically between profiles and increased for multiple injury profiles. Inpatient death was an outcome for 3.3% overall; however, in patients with an internal injury to the head and torso, inpatient death rate was nine times higher, at 31%. CONCLUSIONS: Profiles maintain information on body region and nature of injury. The use of injury profiles in describing the injured improves the understanding of casemix and can be useful for efficient staffing in multidisciplinary trauma teams and for various comparisons.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vascular injuries of the neck and thoracic inlet: helical CT-angiographic correlation.

Imaging evaluation of patients suspected to have arterial injuries of the neck has traditionally been performed by using conventional angiography as an alternative to surgical exploration. However, there has been recent interest in and growing experience with use of noninvasive imaging techniques for the assessment of vascular injuries. Contrast material-enhanced helical computed tomographic (CT) angiography is increasingly being used to evaluate trauma patients in stable condition who are at risk for vascular injuries. It allows characterization of traumatic vascular lesions in the neck such as partial or complete occlusion, pseudoaneurysm, intimal flap, dissection, and arteriovenous fistula. In the same setting, CT angiography provides valuable additional information about the cervical soft tissues, aerodigestive tract, spinal canal, and spinal cord. In cases of penetrating gunshot injuries, the trajectory of the bullet and the locations of fragments can be assessed. CT angiography may be limited by artifacts from metallic fragments and occasionally by abundant soft-tissue air or streak artifacts in the shoulders. In such cases, conventional angiography is necessary for optimal assessment of vascular injuries. CT angiography can be used as a noninvasive alternative to conventional angiography in patients suspected to have vascular injuries but without initial indications for surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Treatment results in wounds of the ENT organs].

ENT injuries totaled up to 1.4% from all other wounds. As for localization of wounds the most frequent were neck injuries (53%). Wounds of nose or accessory sinus of nose comprised 45.6%, and ear wounds--1.4%, 5.8% of wounded needed emergency care, 45.8%--secondary surgical care, and 48.4%--tertiary surgical care. The article analyses the errors of medical care, and gives the classification of ENT injuries.

Afghanistan↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Axillary artery injury from humeral neck fracture: a rare but disabling traumatic event.

Axillary artery injury from blunt trauma to the shoulder is uncommon. Fracture of the neck of the humerus is a rare cause of injury to the axillary artery. Four cases of axillary artery thrombosis from humeral neck fracture are reported. Each of the first 2 patients presented with a pulseless and acutely ischemic limb after a trivial fall. A repair of the axillary artery with saphenous vein interposition graft was performed in the first patient. The extremity was salvaged, but a residual radial and ulnar neurologic deficit persisted. The second patient presented with a pulseless insensate upper extremity accompanied by motor loss. He underwent primary axillary artery repair. Still early in his postoperative course, he has had global brachial plexopathy and is undergoing intensive physical therapy. The third patient had a delayed presentation of brachial plexopathy and sympathetic reflex dystrophy. Arterial reconstruction was not required owing to excellent collateralization. The fourth patient presented with a cool pulseless extremity. His recovery is nearly complete after bypass of the axillary artery with a reversed saphenous vein graft. In addition, a review of the literature revealed 24 cases of axillary artery injury associated with humeral neck fracture. The mean age was 66.6 years. The most common mechanism of injury was a fall (79%). Thirteen patients (46%) presented with a neurologic deficit. Acute ischemia was present in 68%. Physical examination predicted the arterial injury in all but 1 patient. The injured axillary artery was repaired in 26 cases. Revascularization by an interposition graft was the most common procedure. All grafts and reanastomoses were patent and led to limb salvage. Of 9 primary repairs, 3 amputations were performed. Although limb salvage rate was 89%, a good functional outcome was obtained in only half of the patients. A high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis of axillary artery injury. Despite excellent results of vascular reconstruction, the outcome remains determined by the excessive neurologic morbidity. Recognition of the associated brachial plexus injury is essential to improve the functional outcome of this unusual arterial injury.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1998

Air bag-associated injury to a child in the front passenger seat.

We report the case of a 3.5-year-old front seat passenger who suffered significant head and neck injuries as a result of air bag deployment in a collision of <30 mph. These lesions included multiple abrasions of the lower half of the face, nose, forehead, and right ear, torn frenula, conjunctival petechiae, comminuted fractures of the left and right lateral frontal regions and right parietal bone, diastatic fracture of the coronal suture, subgaleal and subarachnoid hemorrhages, cortical contusions, subluxation of the atlantooccipital joint, and fracture of the C4 vertebral body. These lesions are consistent with trauma secondary to the deploying air bag and the head striking the interior of the car. The findings in this case further support the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines of keeping children properly restrained, preferably in the back seat, or as far as possible from air bags.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Direct fixation of the odontoid fracture in a child].

The use of spinal implants in the pediatric population is controversial in terms of skeletal immaturity. The authors present the case of a 12-year-old boy with displaced Type III odontoid fracture, successfully treated by direct screw fixation. Fractures defined as Type II and Type III according to the classification by Anderson and D'Alonzo are instable spinal injuries. Type III fractures generally heal when treated conservatively. In certain circumstances, like displaced fractures or patients refusing long-term external immobilization, Type III fractures are treated surgically. A 12-year-old boy had neck injury caused by a bike accident. His main symptoms were neck pain and limitation of neck movements. Displaced Type III odontoid fracture was diagnosed. The authors treated this lesion surgically by screw fixation in order to correct displacement and to preserve the normal range of head motion. Fixation was performed by means of a single cannulated screw. Healing of the fracture was confirmed by roentgenograms done at follow-up examinations. The range of motion of the cervical spine examined 6 months after operation was normal. Direct anterior screw fixation was an effective method for treating displaced Type III odontoid fracture in a child. The rotatory motion between C-1 and C-2 was preserved.

Bicycling↗
PubMed2001

Pediatric thoracic trauma.

OBJECTIVE: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of children up to 12 years of age inclusive, who sustained thoracic injuries during a 6-year period. METHODS: Ninety-one children were treated at King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh from January 1993 through December 1998. The clinical data included age, sex, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, pediatric trauma score, treatment and mortality. RESULTS: Eighty-seven children (96%) had injuries from blunt trauma and 4 from penetrating injuries. Of the blunt trauma cases, 82 children sustained motor vehicle accident related injuries, 62 as pedestrians and 20 as passengers. Penetrating thoracic injuries occurred in 4 children: 1 stab wound and 3 gunshots. The most frequent thoracic injuries were pulmonary contusion (70), pneumothorax (32), fractured rib (20) and fractured clavicle (18). Extrathoracic injuries included head (45), abdominal (41) and skeletal (26). Thoracotomy was required in only 1 child, laparotomy being necessary in 9 children for intraabdominal injuries. Tube thoracostomy was required in 33 children. Nine children died from motor vehicle accident related fatal head and neck injuries, 8 as pedestrians all with a pediatric trauma score < or = 6. CONCLUSION: Thoracic injuries in children below 12 years of age are usually from motor vehicle accident related blunt trauma. Pulmonary contusion and pneumothorax are the most common thoracic injuries. Most thoracic injuries can be managed either conservatively or by tube thoracostomy. Thoracic trauma in children is an indicator of multisystem injury with head injury being the most common cause of mortality.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Mountain biking injuries requiring trauma center admission: a 10-year regional trauma system experience.

BACKGROUND: Mountain biking has become an increasingly popular recreational and competitive sport with increasingly recognized risks. The purpose of this study was to review a population based approach to serious injuries requiring trauma center admission related to mountain biking, identify trends and develop directions for related injury prevention programs. METHODS: Three trauma centers in the Greater Vancouver area exclusively serve a major mountain bike park and the North Shore Mountains biking trails. The Trauma Registries and the patient charts were reviewed for mountain bike injuries from 1992 to 2002. The data were analyzed according to demographics, distribution, and severity of injuries, and need for operative intervention. Findings were reviewed with injury prevention experts and regional and national mountain-biking stakeholders to provide direction to injury prevention programs. RESULTS: A total of 1,037 patients were identified as having bicycling-related injuries. Of these, 399 patients sustained 1,092 injuries while mountain biking. There was a threefold increase in the incidence of mountain biking injuries over a 10-year period. Young males were most commonly affected. Orthopedic injuries were most common (46.5%) followed by head (12.2%), spine (12%), chest (10.3%), facial (10.2%), abdominal (5.4%), genitourinary (2.2%), and neck injuries (1%). High operative rate was observed: 38% of injuries and 66% of patients required surgery. One patient died from his injuries. Injury prevention programs were developed and successfully engaged the target population. CONCLUSION: Mountain biking is a growing cause of serious injuries. Young males are principally at risk and serious injuries result from intended activity and despite protective equipment. Injury prevention programs were developed to address these concerns.

Abbreviated Injury Scale↗
PubMed1995

[Central cervical cord syndrome: a case report on rehabilitation, with special references to accidental falls in the elderly].

An 81-year-old man with Parkinson's disease was admitted to our hospital with impaired function of all extremities. Four weeks before his symptoms developed, he had tripped on the steps, fallen and bruised his jaw. Following this episode he experienced a few more falls inside his house. On examination his greatest weakness was in the hands and wrists. He was hyper-reflexic in all extremities and had bilateral Babinski's sign. He could not walk and needed physical assistance in most of his daily living activities. X-ray films of the cervical spine showed significant degenerative changes. The magnetic resonance images suggested central cervical cord damage at the level of the C6 vertebral body. After three months' rehabilitation treatment, he became able to walk with a cane and became independent in all the basic activities of daily living except for bathing. He never regained skillful function of his hands despite later levodopa treatment of Parkinson's disease. His clinical features were consistent with the central cervical cord syndrome, described by Schnneider and co-workers in 1954. This syndrome may occur as a result of hyperextension neck injury, occasionally associated with an accidental fall in the elderly with cervical spondylosis. Thirteen patients with cervical spinal cord injury above 65 of age were admitted to our department from 1983 to 1993. Six of them presented with the central cervical cord syndrome, and all patients had a history of accidental injuries related to falling.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2005

Assessment of the "nearly normal" cervical spine radiograph: C2-C3 pseudosubluxation in an adult with whiplash injury.

C2-C3 pseudosubluxation is a well recognized normal anatomical variant in children and this physiological spondylolisthesis often makes the interpretation of paediatric cervical spine radiographs difficult. In direct contrast, this finding is rare in adults and has not been reported as a diagnostic difficulty following neck injury. We report a case of C2-C3 pseudosubluxation occurring in a 27 year old woman presenting with neck pain 1 week after a road traffic accident. Although there are effective radiological guidelines for cervical spine radiograph evaluation in children, there is no evidence that these can be applied to the adult cervical spine. Flexion and extension cervical spine views have limitations. In such cases, magnetic resonance imaging is required to definitively exclude pathological injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Penetrating injuries of the neck.

In view of the close arrangement of a large number of vital structures in the neck, penetrating wounds in this region should be considered as potentially lethal. Nineteen cases of injury to great vessels and food and air passages which required repair are analysed. There were 4 deaths, giving an overall mortality of 21 per cent. Two of these were injuries of the subclavian and innominate veins when prolonged delay for resuscitation was probably the main reason for the deaths. The third was in a patient with tracheal injury in whom a coexistent oesophageal lesion was missed and the fourth a case of spinal cord injury. When adequate exposure cannot be obtained by exploration of the neck, median sternotomy or anterior thoracotomy is advisable.

Blood Vessels↗