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Results for “Muscle Relaxation”

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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A randomized clinical trial of alprazolam versus progressive muscle relaxation in cancer patients with anxiety and depressive symptoms.

A randomized nonblinded study was performed in three cancer centers to test over a 10-day period the efficacy of (1) a triazolobenzodiazepine, alprazolam, 0.5 mg three times a day and (2) use of a behavioral technique in which patients were trained in progressive muscle relaxation at an initial session with a behavioral psychologist and then asked to listen at home to an audiotape of the session three times a day. Of 147 cancer patients who met entry levels of distress and completed the study, uncontrolled for site or disease stage, 70 were randomized to drug, 77 to relaxation. Four measures of anxiety and depression were used: Covi, Raskin, Affects Balance, and Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Results showed that both treatment arms resulted in significant (P less than .001) decrease in observer and patient-reported anxious and depressed mood symptoms. Although both treatment arms were effective, patients receiving the drug showed a slightly more rapid decrease in anxiety and greater reduction of depressive symptoms. These findings confirm efficacy of both alprazolam and relaxation to reduce cancer-related anxiety and depression. As safe, inexpensive, and effective interventions, physicians should consider their use in cancer patients experiencing anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Self-organising learning control and its application to muscle relaxant anaesthesia.

The concept of a self-organising control system is attractive in biomedicine because of the imprecise nature of available physiological models. In this paper a particular strategy called a self-organising controller (SOC) originating from the work of Barron on aerospace systems is applied to the control of muscle relaxant anaesthesia. The SOC algorithm, which requires no prior knowledge of system dynamics, is described, both in single variable and multivariable format. Simulation results are presented for SOC performance on a well-established pancuronium model. Three implementations are described, being the use of a general purpose language, a SUN workstation approach, and a parallel computer transputer solution. The latter approach becomes important for multivariable control because of the computing-intensive nature of SOC. The transputer is shown to be a suitable vehicle for implementation in terms of speed and parallelism for SOC.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2007

Vestibular inputs do not influence the fusimotor system in relaxed muscles of the human leg.

Descending vestibular pathways have been shown to influence recruitment thresholds of alpha motoneurones in both human and cat. However, whereas parallel connections to the fusimotor system have been shown in the cat, such connections have not yet been demonstrated in humans. In the present study we investigated whether vestibular inputs can influence the firing of spontaneously active muscle spindles in the leg via activation of gamma motoneurones. Unitary recordings were made from 30 muscle spindle afferents via tungsten microelectrodes inserted percutaneously into the common peroneal nerve of seated awake human subjects. Sinusoidal bipolar binaural galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS; frequency 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 Hz, amplitude +/-2 mA, 100 cycles) was applied to the mastoid processes. This continuous stimulation produced a sustained frequency-dependent illusion of "rocking in a boat" or "swinging in a hammock". Despite these robust illusions none of the spontaneously active muscle spindles exhibited phase-locked modulation of firing during sinusoidal GVS. We conclude that this dynamic vestibular input was not sufficient to recruit gamma motoneurones, which are known to have little spontaneous activity in relaxed human muscles.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reversal agents to counteract muscle relaxation: nursing considerations.

Advances in pharmacology and technology over the last decade have fostered expanded use of muscle relaxants in critical care units and emergency departments. The neuromuscular blockade facilitated by these agents may be reversed pharmacologically, or may be spontaneously reversed endogenously. To ensure appropriate patient management, the critical care nurse, clinical nurse specialist, and acute care nurse practitioner must have a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of neuromuscular blockade and reversal, the medications involved in this process, and the critical patient assessment and management skills necessary to assure a positive patient outcome.

Cholinesterase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1980

Pretreatment with non-depolarizing muscle relaxants: the influence on neuromuscular transmission and pulmonary function.

The influence of pretreatment with non-depolarizing muscle relaxants on the neuromuscular transmission was evaluated in 40 healthy, awake, non-premedicated volunteers using train-of-four (TOF) nerve stimulation and measurement of vital capacity (VC), inspiratory force (IF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). The subjects were randomly allocated to one of four groups: group I received pancuronium 0.01 mg/kg; group II pancuronium 0.015 mg/kg; group III gallamine 0.3 mg/kg, and group IV gallamine 0.4 mg/kg intravenously. TOF ratio decreased significantly in groups II, III and IV but not in group I following precurarization. Median (25 and 75 percentiles) TOF ratios after pretreatment wer 94(92-96), 89 (86-93), 92 (89-93), and 93 (87-96), respectively. Overall there were decreases in VC, IF, and PEF, but only the decrease in PEF was statistically significant in all four groups. FEV1 was unchanged. The most pronounced decrease in VC, IF, and PEF (11, 29, and 29%, respectively) was seen one subject in group II with a TOF-ratio of 63 following precurarization. Four subjects (20%) in groups II and IV experienced difficulty in breathing. All subjects were, however, able to maintain head lift for more than 10 s, and none needed respiratory support. Seventy percent of all subjects had various minor complaints as, for instance, blurred vision and difficulty in swallowing. It is concluded that the higher doses of pancuronium 90.015 mg/kg) and gallamine (0.4 mg/kg) cannot be recommended for routine precurarization.

Gallamine Triethiodide↗
PubMed1976

Muscle relaxants: the classical receptor theory.

According to the classical receptor occupancy theory non-depolarizing and depolarizing muscle relaxants differ in one respect: both types of drugs possess affinity for the cholinergic receptor at the neuro-muscular function, but only the depolarizing relaxants show efficacy. The two properties, affinity and efficacy are independent from each other.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1979

A single dose placebo-controlled study to assess the effectiveness of adding a muscle relaxant to a compound analgesic in the treatment of tension headache.

A patient-assessment of pain relief over 4 hours following a single dose of a compound analgesic has shown that 78% of patients achieve satisfactory relief of pain due to tension headache and that this response is enhanced by the addition of chlormezanone, an agent with reported anxiolytic and muscle relaxant actions. Side-effects were minor in nature.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1975

[Muscle relaxants in the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (author's transl)].

In 195 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgias, atypical facial neuralgia or zoster neuralgia in the face it was shown that, in the initial stages of these diseases, the efficacy of the always satisfactory medicinal treatment with an anticonvulsant (hydantoin or carbamezathine) can be increased by combination with a muscle relaxant (especially chlormezanone). Medicinal therapy is then still frequently possible without side effects and operative treatment (Frazier-Spiller's retrogasserian neurotomy) can be postponed.

Aminobutyrates↗
PubMed1991

Skeletal muscle relaxation with diazo-2: the effect of altered pH.

In a fatigued muscle fibre, the concentrations of ADP, Pi and H+ are all increased and relaxation is slowed. We have used the technique of laser flash photolysis of the caged calcium-chelator, diazo-2, to investigate the direct effect of changes in pH (pH 6.5, 7.0, 7.5) upon tension during relaxation of single chemically skinned fibres, when the effects of the sarcoplasmic reticulum are absent. The relaxation transients were closely fitted with 2 exponentials, a fast (42.3 +/- 1.4; pH 7.0) and a slow process (12.0 +/- 0.7; pH 7.0). The fast phase of relaxation was pH sensitive; lowering pH leading to a slowing of the rate of force decline and raising pH leading to an increase of the rate. The rate of the slow phase was unaltered by changing pH over the range investigated. Thus the slowing of relaxation in fatigued muscle may be due, in part, to the direct action of protons on the myofilaments independent of any effects upon the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Improved oxygenation after muscle relaxation in adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Arterial blood oxygenation improved repeatedly after sedation and paralysis in a 27-year-old woman requiring mechanical ventilation for the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Oxygen consumption and cardiac output decreased proportionately after paralysis so that the partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous blood remained unchanged. Paralysis eliminated inspiratory distortion of the airway pressure waveform and prevented forceful use of expiratory musculature. A flow-related reduction of venous admixture or recruitment of lung volume may best explain the beneficial effect of muscle relaxation on arterial saturation.

Adult↗