Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Multiple Birth”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Season of birth and reproductive performance: an analysis of family reconstitutions of 800 women born in The Netherlands at the end of the 19th century.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported associations between season of birth and reproductive characteristics such as menarcheal age, fecundability, and twinning, but the results are inconsistent with respect to the location of high- and low-risk seasons. To assess whether this disagreement could be due to the use of populations from different geographic areas and time frames instead of different etiologic pathways, we investigated the season-of-birth dependency of a variety of reproductive outcomes within one time- and area-limited population. METHODS: In a historic follow-up study, the reconstituted families of 800 women born between 1873 and 1887 in or near Rotterdam, The Netherlands, were used to determine eight types of reproductive outcome: childlessness, interval to first pregnancy, pregnancy interval, stillbirth, neonatal death, postneonatal death, multiple birth, and gender of offspring. The relation of these outcomes with season of birth was modeled using cosinor functions with periods of 1 year or a half year. Data were analyzed by use of logistic regression or general estimation equations (GEE), dependent on whether outcomes could occur more than once per woman. RESULTS: Peaks in the model-based risks of reproductive failure were found within two small temporal ranges, January 1 to February 11 and July 1 to August 11 for all outcomes except gender. The picture did not change after controlling for known and possible risk factors, including age, offspring's birth cohort, and some social variables. CONCLUSIONS: This study reconfirms the idea that seasonal factors around conception or birth influence later reproductive characteristics. Observing the consistency of the location of high-risk seasons across a variety of outcomes, the explanation of season-of-birth dependency of different reproductive outcomes need not involve multiple etiological pathways.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Anesthetic management for birth of the "Canton" quadruplets: a multidisciplinary team approach.

This article presents a case study of the successful anesthesia management in the birth of quadruplets at Aultman Hospital in Canton, Ohio. A review of recent literature is also provided. With the increasing use of fertility drugs, multiple births will inevitably cease to be viewed as a rare phenomenon. Anesthesia practitioners will increasingly be presented with the challenge of planning for the management of these patients. The authors believe an anesthetic plan must be integrated into a multidisciplinary team approach to achieve successful management of parturient and neonates.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Incidence patterns of cerebral palsy in Shiga Prefecture, Japan, 1977-1991.

The prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) in 6-year-old children in Shiga Prefecture, Japan, born between 1977 and 1991, was compared in three successive 5-year periods: period I (1977-1981), period II (1982-1986) and period III (1987-1991). Data on the accumulated age-specific prevalence of CP were collected and analyzed. During the study period, 242293 children entered elementary school, and 325 cases (194 boys, 131 girls) of CP were ascertained in Shiga Prefecture. The overall prevalence of CP per 1000 6-year-old children was 1.34. The prevalence of CP for 6-year-old children increased from period II to period III, although it did not vary from period I to period II. The proportion of low birth weight (LBW) infants and preterm infants among those with CP increased with time during the study periods. The prevalence of CP in infants born at term and with birth weight > or =2500 g did not vary over the study period. The prevalence of CP in preterm and LBW infants, especially in infants with gestational age<32 weeks and birth weight<1500 g, increased from period II to period III, while the prevalence did not increase from period I to period II. Multiple births and use of mechanical ventilation increased from period II to period III. The changes in the prevalence of CP in Shiga Prefecture may have been due to increased survival of preterm and LBW infants in period II owing to better obstetric and neonatal care, and to further improvement in the survival of very small babies receiving intensive care, which increased the prevalence of CP in period III. Further improvement of perinatal care might decrease the incidence of CP in Shiga Prefecture in the future.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed2002

Neonatal outcome in pregnancies from ovarian stimulation.

OBJECTIVE: To study the neonatal outcome in pregnancies after ovarian stimulation, not including in vitro fertilization. The outcomes studied were multiple birth, preterm birth, and low birth weight among singletons, congenital malformations, and infant death. METHODS: We identified 4029 women who delivered between 1995-1999 after ovarian stimulation alone and compared them with 438,582 women who neither had ovarian stimulation nor in vitro fertilization. We controlled for the confounding effect of year of birth, maternal age, parity, and length of subfertility before the pregnancy. RESULTS: The twinning rate was 5.9% in the study group and 1.2% in the control group. The triplet rate was 0.5% in the study group and 0.02% in the control group. A nearly doubling of the rate of monozygotic twinning was indicated in the study group compared with the control group. There was an excess of singleton preterm births and low birth weight infants in the study group, but this was mainly explainable by confounding of maternal age, parity, and subfertility. The rates of congenital malformations and perinatal deaths were increased, also mainly explainable by maternal characteristics. No increase in specific types of congenital malformations was seen. CONCLUSION: As the deviations in neonatal outcome after ovarian stimulation alone were reduced or disappeared when the confounding of maternal age, parity, and subfertility was taken into consideration, there is probably little direct effect of the stimulation procedure as such.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Birth weight discordance and adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes among triplets in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between intratriplet birth weight discordance, fetal and neonatal mortality, and smallness for gestational age. METHODS: The 1995-1997 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Matched Multiple Birth file was used for this analysis. Birth weight discordance was calculated as the difference in birth weight between the largest and the smallest triplet's weight and expressed as percentage of the largest triplet's weight. For the middle-weight triplet, we also used the largest triplet's weight as a reference in calculating percentage birth weight discordance, which was then grouped into quintiles. RESULTS: Among 15,511 triplet live births and fetal deaths (at least 20 weeks' gestation), 35% had less than 10% birth weight discordance, 19.3% had 10-15%, 16.4% had 15-21%, 15.2% had 21-29%, and 14.1% had 29% or more. After controlling for confounders, the risk of fetal death associated with quintile V was significantly higher than that associated with quintile I for smallest (odds ratio [OR] 10.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.87, 26.56), middle (OR 22.6; 95% CI 11.05, 46.3), and largest (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.01, 5.89) triplets. Smallest and middle triplets in quintile V were more likely than quintile I triplets to be born small for gestational age (OR 26.0; 95% CI 17.1, 39.9 for smallest, and OR 13.4; 95% CI 8.01, 22.3 for middle). Birth weight discordance quintile was not associated with smallness for geatational age among largest triplets nor consistently with neonatal mortality among smallest, middle, or largest triplets. CONCLUSION: Increasing birth weight discordance was associated with increased risk of fetal death and smallness for gestational age. A birth weight discordance threshold of at least 29% should alert obstetricians for appropriate decision making.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The epidemiology of respiratory distress syndrome in Norway.

Information collected through the Medical Birth Registry of Norway on a seven-year cohort of 457,465 live births for the years 1967--73 were used to determine the factors associated with the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). A total of 1235 cases were identified and 510 of these died, resulting in an incidence rate of 2.7 and a mortality rate of 1.1 per 1000 live births. From a geographic breakdown of counties there was no association of the incidence or mortality of RDS with such environmental factors as latitude, longitude, urbanization, industrialization or level of obstetric care. There was an increase in reported incidence and mortality over time, and a slight peak during fall months. The major factors associated with the risk of RDS in Norway were birth weight, gestational age, male sex, cesarean sections and some other complications of pregnancy or delivery. When rates were adjusted for birth weight and gestational age there was no association with maternal age, parity or marital status. Such adjustments reversed the risk of RDS among multiple births to a rate lower than that for single births.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2004

Twin frequency and industrial pollution in different regions of Hesse, Germany.

AIMS: To investigate whether twinning occurs more frequently in residents in the vicinity of a toxic waste incinerator (TWI). METHODS: Within a longitudinal environmental study that addressed child health second grade school children and their parents were recruited. The proportion of twinning in the TWI region was compared with two comparison areas. In a second confirmatory investigation, birth records for the years 1994-97 from the Hessian Perinatal Survey (HEPS) were accessed to determine whether the incidence of twinning was higher in regions around the TWI compared to adjacent reference areas. RESULTS: In the environmental study, 61.5% of the children and 95% of their mothers participated. In mothers, twinning was 5.3% in the TWI region compared to 1.6% and 2.3% in the comparison regions. The proportion of mothers with fertility assessment/treatment was 5.7%, 8.3%, and 0% respectively. The prevalence of twinning was not significantly higher (4.5%) in mothers with treatment compared to mothers without (3.7%). From the HEPS, data of 20 603 births was analysed. The incidence of twins was significantly higher in areas which surround the TWI and other industries (1.4-1.6 per 100 births) compared to births in reference areas (0.8 per 100). CONCLUSIONS: Twinning rates may be associated with exposure to industrial pollution. Future environmental health studies that consider multiple births as an outcome are warranted. These should also investigate whether the incidence of monozygotic or dizygotic twinning may be associated with industrial pollution.

Birth Rate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Male:female sex ratio in births resulting from IVF according to swim-up versus Percoll preparation of inseminated sperm.

Two centers have independently reported a higher rate of male to female births following insemination of sperm prepared by a modified swim-up technique. The principle of the modified swim-up is that a small percentage of the x-bearing sperm are the fastest and travel to the top of the supernatant, followed by the y-bearing sperm; the bulk of the x-bearing sperm remain in the pellet. In this technique, the very top layer is discarded and the resulting supernatant is collected, leaving only the pellet. In contrast, with the conventional swim-up technique, the entire supernatant is collected. The study presented herein retrospectively evaluated the male to female sex ratio of births from in vitro fertilization using standard swim-up technique and compared these results to the ratio obtained from separating with Percoll. There were 53% male births with swim-up vs. 54% with Percoll in singleton pregnancies and 51% males with swim-up vs. 40% with Percoll with multiple births. Thus, conventional swim-up alone does not increase percentage of male births.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1998

[Multiple pregnancies in Denmark 1980-1994].

The objective was to study trends in national rates of multiple pregnancies that were not explained by changes in maternal age and parity. Information on childbirths to Danish-born women were obtained from national registers. The national incidence of multiple pregnancies increased 1.7-fold during 1980-1994, the increase primarily in 1989-1994 and almost exclusively in primiparous women > or = 30 years, for whom the adjusted population-based twinning rate increased 2.7-fold and the triplet rate 9.1-fold. The proportion of multiple births among infant deaths in primiparous women > or = 30 years increased from 11.5% to 26.9%. In conclusion, the marked increase in the rate of multiple pregnancies, which in particular was observed during the 1990s and in primiparous women > or = 30 years, could not be explained by changes in maternal age or parity. Fertility-enhancing treatments are believed to have caused this increase.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Normal standards for birth weight and birth length of newborns in the DDR].

Normal anthropometric standards of birth weight and birth length are presented for newborn boys and girls in the GDR between 28 and 44 weeks' gestational age. Newborns with uncertain duration of gestation, multiple births, malformations and stillbirths have been excluded. It is directed to necessity of regional standards.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1988

The survival of extremely-low-birthweight infants in Victoria: 1982-1985.

A population-based survey of mortality in extremely-low-birthweight (500- to 999-g) infants was carried out in Victoria for the years 1982 to 1985. No increase in the number of extremely-preterm births occurred during that time. The still-birth rate fell from 498 still births per 1000 births in 1982-1983 to 403 still births per 1000 births in 1984-1985. The neonatal mortality in 1982-1985 was 638 deaths per 1000 live births, with no significant decline from that of the 1978-1981 cohort. The small increase in neonatal survivors was not associated with any change in the postneonatal death rate. Delivery in a level-3 unit was associated with a significantly better outcome. Multiple births made a major contribution to the extremely-low-birthweight group of infants.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2004

Trends in live births by mother's country of birth and other factors affecting low birthweight in England and Wales, 1983-2001.

This article investigates trends in low birthweight singleton live births by mother's country of birth. 11.4 million birth records from registration data in England and Wales from 1983 to 2001 were used. The analysis focuses on births to mothers born in the UK and countries that contribute to the main ethnic minority groups in England and Wales. The results show that the prevalence of low birthweight babies varies by mother's country of birth. Important differentials also exist by mother's age at birth, multiplicity and registration status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Genital mycoplasmas and birth weight in offspring of primigravid women.

The relationship between colonization of pregnant women by Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma and the outcome of pregnancy in a study of 104 women is reported. There were eight abortions but no multiple births or stillbirths. Excluding abortions, the mean gestational length was 39.6 weeks and the corrected mean birth weight was 3.28 kilograms. There was no relationship between maternal colonization by genital mycoplasmas and reduction in birth weight of the offspring, but five of the eight women who aborted harbored Ureaplasma, suggesting an increased trend toward abortion in women harboring Ureaplasma.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1993

Births after a period of infertility in Victorian women 1982-1990.

Pregnancies following a period of infertility are often thought to be at increased risk of adverse outcomes. Between 1982-1990, 1465 births were reported to the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection Unit with a history of infertility. We present some characteristics of these births and compare them with all Victorian births in 1986 (n = 61,253) and Australian and New Zealand IVF and GIFT births 1979-1989 (n = 6,675). Women with a history of infertility were older than other Victorian women but younger than the IVF and GIFT group. Multiple births comprised 9% of the infertility group compared with 1.3% in the general Victorian population and 23.7% of IVF and GIFT births. The incidence of low birth-weight (18.6%) and very low birth-weight (4.2%) was higher than in other Victorian births (5.8% and 1.1% respectively) but lower than in IVF and GIFT births (34.6% and 8.9%). Perinatal mortality in the infertility group (33.4 per 1,000) was higher than in the general population (11.1 per 1,000) and similar to the IVF and GIFT group (34.9 per 1,000). The Caesarean section rate after infertility (41%) was more than double the rate in the rest of the Victorian population (16%), and showed a different pattern of indications. The relative risks of low and very low birth-weight, perinatal mortality and Caesarean delivery remained significantly increased for singletons after adjustment for maternal age and parity.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Outcome of twin birth. Review of 1,636 children born in twin birth.

During the five-year period 1964-68 96 733 births were registered in the 28 hospitals equipped with maternity facilities in the Uppsala hospital region. Of these babies, 1 636 were born in 818 twin deliveries. Data on gestational age, sex, weight and length at birth, birth order, hospital type, congenital malformations and perinatal mortality are analysed. Altogether 17.3 per 1 000 of the children born during this period were born in multiple births. The perinatal mortality for the twin babies was 64 per 1 000 born, with the mortality higher in the less specialized hospitals than the others. Twin no. 1 suffered perinatal death in 67 cases per 1 000 and twin no. 2 in 60 cases per 1 000. For twins of primiparae the losses were 92 per 1 000 children and for twins born to multiparae 51 per 1 000. Altogether 72 per 1 000 male twins died perinatally compared to 52 per 1 000 female twins. The most heavy losses occurred among the low-weight premature twins and in these cases both twins often suffered perinatal death.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1995

Annual summary of vital statistics-1994.

Recent trends in the vital statistics of the United States continued in 1994, including decreases in the number of births, the birth rate, the age-adjusted death rate, and the infant mortality rate. Life expectancy increased slightly to 75.7 years. Only marriages reversed the recent trend with a slight increase in 1994. An estimated 3,979,000 infants were born during 1994, a decline of < 1% from 1993. The birth rate was 15.3 live births per 1000 population, a 1% decline. These decreasing rates reflect a decline in the fertility rate to 67.1 live births per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years. Final figures for 1993 indicate that fertility rates declined for all racial groups, by 1% for white women (to 65.4) and 3% for black women (to 80.5). The fertility rate for Hispanic women (106.9) was 84% higher than that for non-Hispanic white women and 31% higher than for non-Hispanic black women. Between 1991 and 1993, birth rates for teenage mothers remained virtually unchanged, and abortion rates have steadily declined, suggesting that teenage pregnancy rates are levelling off. The number and proportion of births to women over age 30, however, continued to rise. The rate of births to all unmarried women (45.3 per 1000 in 1993) has been stable for 3 years. Prenatal care utilization improved in 1993; 79% of women initiated care in the first trimester and < 5% had delayed care or no care. Improvements occurred among nearly all racial and ethnic groups. Reported smoking during pregnancy declined to 15.8% in 1993 from 16.9% in 1992. The proportion of babies delivered by cesarean section was 21.8% in 1993, a 2% decrease from 1992. Between 1992 and 1993, the rate of low birth weight (LBW) rose slightly to 7.2%, while very low birth weight (VLBW) remained stable at 1.3%. Most of the increase in LBW occurred among white infants and reflected, primarily, an increase in the proportion of multiple births. The black/white ratio in LBW continued to increase to more than two-fold with the largest difference recorded among term and postterm infants. Age-adjusted death rates in 1994 were lower for heart disease, malignant neoplasm, pulmonary diseases, other accidents, and homicides. The age-adjusted death rate for human immunodeficiency virus disease continued to rise to 15.1 in 1994. The infant mortality rate declined 4% in 1994, to 7.9 per 1000, the lowest rate ever recorded in the United States. The decline was primarily in neonatal mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Study on possible increase in twinning rate at a small village in south Brazil.

A high frequency of twin births has been observed in Linha São Pedro, a small settlement which belongs to the city of Cãndido Godói, located 524 km Northwest from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in an ethnically homogeneous population of German descent restricted to a small geographic region. From 1990 to 1994, the proportion of twin births in Linha São Pedro was 10%, significantly higher than the 1.8% rate for the state of Rio Grande do Sul as a whole. Genealogical analysis showed a high recurrence of multiple births within families, as well as a high level of inbreeding in the community. Zygosity data indicated that 9 of the 17 pairs of twins studied (53%) were dizygotic. No external environmental factors were detected that could be influencing the appearance of this characteristic. This preliminary investigation confirmed the presumed existence of a high twinning rate in the community. The high familial recurrence and the high inbreeding rate suggests the presence of genetic twinning factors. Complementary studies of twins that have yet to be evaluated and the search for additional risk factors, as well as linkage studies, should contribute to a further understanding of the biological factors related to twin births in the human species.

Adult↗