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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Osteogenesis of the mandible associated with implant reconstruction: a patient report.

A patient report is presented illustrating bone growth of the posterior mandible associated with a fixed implant reconstruction of the Brånemark type. In this instance, the mandible had grown vertically approximately 3 mm and was causing discomfort beneath the cantilever sections of the prosthesis because of gingival impingement between the restoration and the bony mandible. The literature relative to osteogenesis associated with osseointegrated implants is reviewed.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed1989

The use of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of Paget's disease of the mandible. Report of a case.

Traditionally, incisional bone biopsy has been required in order to establish and confirm a diagnosis of Paget's disease (Osteitis deformans) of the mandible and/or maxilla. This article presents a case report of a patient who refused such biopsy. The patient was referred with a three year history of intermittent mandibular pain, accompanied by occasional swelling of the adjacent soft tissues. Although several health professionals had been consulted, no diagnosis had been established. Furthermore, an incisional biopsy had apparently been performed in the area of the left mandible, as reported by the patient, with no conclusive results. On examination, the patient refused all proposed repeat biopsy, but did agree to a full laboratory workup which included: routine blood studies; nuclear medicine bone studies of total body regions including the head and neck, followed by sialography of the submandibular salivary glands. A definitive diagnosis of Paget's disease was reported on 99-m-MDP-technetium bone scans of the mandible. The patient was subsequently treated with the appropriate medication which resulted in a remission of the disease over the three year follow-up period. The histopathological diagnosis was never confirmed because of the patient's repeated refusal to be biopsied.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[Giant cell lesions of the mandible: problems of differential diagnosis apropos of 3 cases of central giant cell reparative granuloma].

Three cases of central giant cell reparative granulomas of the mandible are reported. The first shows classic manifestations. The second illustrates the role of traumatism in the genesis of these lesions. The third highlights the effect of pregnancy in their growth. The bilateral character of the lesions in this last patient led us to evoke the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism and cherubism. They were ultimately discarded. A diagnostic approach is proposed which takes into account the location of the lesion and the medical history of the patient. Both experimental data concerning the potential of the cells found in the ramus of the mandible in laboratory animals and notions which apply to the periodontal bone remodelling enable one to better understand and differentiate between the central giant cell reparative granuloma and the genuine cell tumor of the mandible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Treatment of a compound fracture of the mandible with a comminuted compound fracture of the maxilla (author's transl)].

A case is reported of a comminuted compound facial fracture associating a multisplintered comminuted compound fracture of the right palate, with a quadrifocal fracture of the mandible including severe displacement of fragments of a bi-subcondylar fracture. Treatment was difficult and consisted of producing a stable solid osteosynthesis of the body of the mandible allowing rapid extra-oral symphysial traction to reduce the condylar fractures for 3 weeks. Hospitalization lasted 33 days and the final buccal opening was 34 mm, with satisfactory dental articulation. The authors emphasize the need for a solid, stable osteosynthesis of the body of the mandible by using miniaturized plates serewed into the splintered facial complexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Functional dynamic bridging plate and its use in the mandible].

The principle of the functionally dynamic bridging plate can be compared with the construction of a double bridge. The first bridge, which performs a protective function, is established by means of a plate which extends from one stump of the mandible to the other. The homogeneous, square-sectioned, central bar of the plate tolerates micromovements when stressed and demonstrates no predetermined breaking points. The second bridge ist established with the aid of the primary or secondary bone transplants, which are fixed to each other separately and to the stumps of the mandible with supplementary gracile implants. An adequate degree of functional stress on the bone transplant, i.e. the transmission of functional dynamical forces, is essential for the remodelling of the bone and must extend from one resected stump to the other. The choice of a square cross-section for the functionally dynamic bridging plate bar simplifies the three-dimensional bending and shaping of the plate on a template or the bone, thereby stressing the plate material uniformly and protecting it accordingly. This considerably facilitates the intraoral fixation of the plate. The functionally dynamic bridging plate system has proved successful in cases of partial mandibular resections, after tumour resections or in cases of defects following traumas and inflammations. It is suitable for cases with or without immediate bone reconstruction. It can be placed on the buccal side of the mandible, the caudal side or a combination of both. Positioning bone transplants can thus be carried out by a direct approach without obstruction and is consequently technically simpler.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Orthodontic treatment in the distal displacement of the mandible].

A total of 598 patients with various occlusions and dentition defects were examined; 112 (18.7%) of these presented with distal dislocation of the mandible. Shortening of interalveolar distance was found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of this dislocation. This shortening occurs in abnormal teeth abrasion and loss of many molars and premolars maintaining the occlusion height. Masticatory function was found disordered in 56 (50% of patients with distal dislocation of the mandible. Orthodontic treatment of these patients was carried out by sagittal shift of the mandible to a distance of 1 to 2 mm and subsequent fitting with prostheses. Good results were attained in 94.55% of cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rehabilitation of the resorbed maxilla and mandible using autogenous bone grafts and osseointegrated implants.

This study reviews 29 consecutively treated patients who underwent a variety of autogenous alveolar augmentation procedures to their resorbed maxilla or mandible followed by delayed placement of Brånemark dental implants. One additional patient had frozen femoral head allogenic bone as a graft. A suggested treatment protocol is outlined for rehabilitation of the resorbed maxilla and mandible without the need to compromise the basic biological principles of osseointegration proposed by Brånemark. A total of 114 implants were placed in the grafted areas. Twelve implants were removed from three patients. This represents a success rate of 100% in the mandible and 86% in the maxilla. As a result of this treatment, 28 patients wear fixed implant-supported prostheses, and two patients wear overdentures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Restoration of the contour of the lower face by reconstruction of the mandible after tumor resection].

We evaluated the restoration of mandibular contour in 44 patients after continuity reconstructions of the mandible following tumor surgery. Average values of the lateral dimensions of both the mandible and overlying soft tissue were determined from serial CT scans in defined planes through the reconstructed mandible and showed satisfactory restoration of the lateral mandibular contour. The sagittal projection, however, showed a deficit in average values. The lack of sagittal projection and the fact that the lateral contour may also vary considerably in individual cases are due to unfavorable soft tissue conditions in secondary reconstruction cases. Meticulous preoperative evaluation is necessary in these cases to allow for exact determination of the desired size and position of the graft to make restoration of symmetry and projection of the lower third of the face more reliable.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1997

[Histological study on the using of autogenous costal perichondrium graft to repair the cartilage of condylar process of mandible].

In order to observe the histological changes of the autogenous perichondrium graft from rib in the repair of injured articular cartilage of the condylar process of mandible, 50 rabbits were used, in which 15 were served as control. The articular cartilage with its subchondral bone were resected and an autogenous graft of costal perichondrium was sutured onto the raw surface of the condylar process, and in the controls, only the articular portion of the condylar process was resected without the application of autogenous costal perichondrium graft. The morphological changes of the newly formed cartilage during the process of its development were investigated by hiostological and autoradiog aphic techniques. The result revealed that 10 days after operation, the graft had increased in thickness and was richly populated form the proliferation of mesenchyme-like cells. Twenty to thirty days later, the chondrocytes were matured and the newly formed cartilage had covered the bony surface of mandibular condyle. At 60 days, the newly formed cartilagenous joint surface became glossy, and the morphology and arrangement of cells tended to be regular simulating the morphology of normal articular cartilage. From the experiment, it could be concluded that (1) The autogenous perichondrium graft placed on the condylar surface of mandible could form new articular cartilage which was similar in tissue morphology to the normal condylar cartilage. (2) The process of development of newly formed cartilage was similar to that of the normal cartilage. (3) The motion and loading on the joint could promote the formation of new cartilage and undergo biological reformation, gradually resulting in normal joint morphology. On this basis, the clinical application of autogenous perichondrium graft to repair injured cartilage of the condylar process of the mandible was feasible.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Nonrigid reconstruction of the mandible.

Immediate rigid reconstruction of sacrificed portions of the mandible is desirable, but experience has shown that as many as 50% of bony or alloplastic implants are ultimately rejected or removed within the first few months after reconstruction. Functional and cosmetic reconstruction of the mandible, floor of the mouth, and, where necessary, skin of the lower lip and chin can be achieved with various local and myocutaneous flaps, to be followed after approximately 1 year by secondary bony reconstruction with a significantly lower complication rate. We describe the results in 43 patients treated by this approach.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Suspended circummandibular wire fixation for mixed-dentition pediatric mandible fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce and evaluate the technique of cirummandibular wires with piriform rim suspension (CMW-PRS) combined with arch bars and a fracture site bridle in the treatment of mixed-dentition pediatric mandible fractures. DESIGN: Five male patients (mean age, 8.2 years [age range, 7-10 years]) with an isolated mixed-dentition mandible fracture were treated with the CMW-PRS technique at the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, from 1985 to 1987 and at the University of Missouri, Columbia, from 1992 to 1995. Clinical and radiographic fracture healing, somatosensory status, and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: All patients demonstrated clinical union to their preinjury occlusion by 3 or 4 weeks. They remained without complications until they were no longer available for follow-up. Panoramic radiographs supported the findings of clinical examinations throughout the study, and no radiographic abnormalities were found. There were no somatosensory disturbances of the lingual or mental/inferior alveolar nerves. One patient required a tracheostomy unrelated to the procedure. CONCLUSION: The CMW-PRS technique combined with arch bars and a fracture site bridle wire achieved equivalent historical results when compared with the dental splint. The potential advantages and disadvantages of the CMW-PRS technique compared with those of monocortical bone plating, as well as the significant advantages of the CMW-PRS over the dental splint, are discussed in the text.

Bone Wires↗
PubMed1996

Chin morphology and sexual dimorphism in the fossil hominid mandible sample from Klasies River Mouth.

The site of Klasies River Mouth (KRM) in South Africa has produced a small sample of early Upper Pleistocene hominid remains that have been a focus for discussions of the origins of modern humans. Despite certain primitive characteristics exhibited by these fossils, proponents of a single recent origin have attributed them to early modern humans. Critics of this hypothesis have emphasized the significance of the archaic features evident in this sample, including the absence of pronounced chins among the mandibular specimens. This study compares the size range and chin morphology exhibited by the KRM mandibles with that of Neandertals, Upper Pleistocene humans, and recent humans. The extreme sexual dimorphism documented among the KRM fossils reflects the presence of a very small individual, and previous efforts to classify the KRM sample as archaic on the basis of their robusticity have failed to address the significance of this diminutive hominid. While each KRM fossil falls within the 95% envelope of variability established for chin development in a comparative modern sample, a similarly low frequency of pronounced chins is very unlikely to be found in any recent human population. The morphological pattern of the KRM mandibles is clearly distinct from that of Neandertals and of recent humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Scaling of the mandible in squirrels.

We compared the shape of the mandible among New World tree squirrels and selected outgroup taxa using linear measurements and areas defined by the median axis and conventional anatomical landmarks. We modified the median axis technique to define novel measurements, which proved complementary to those obtained from conventional landmarks. Allometric analyses showed that the scaling of the mandible among the New World tree squirrels is generally isometric (as has been observed in other groups of mammals), but diverges from isometry in a tendency in smaller animals for the masseteric ridge to be displaced anteriorly, the condylar process and posterior portion of the ascending ramus to be relatively elongated, and the coronoid process to be shortened. Allometric analyses also revealed the ways and extent that outgrowth taxa deviated from the scaling pattern observed for the New World tree squirrels. A flying squirrel (subfamily Pteromyinae), a moderate-sized callosciurine squirrel, and three species of pygmy tree squirrels from Asia and Africa show mandibular proportions very similar to those predicted for New World tree squirrels of corresponding size. Ground squirrels (tribe Marmotini) and successively more distant relatives such as Aplodontia, two myomorph rodents, and a rabbit show greater differences from the New World tree squirrels in their mandibular proportions. Combining the use of median-axis and conventional measurements makes it possible to examine changing relationships between locations of anatomically homologous landmarks and the geometry of the form.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Double free-flap reconstruction of massive defects involving the lip, chin, and mandible.

Two patients with massive, composite defects of the total lower lip, chin, and anterior mandible underwent double free-flap reconstruction. A fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap was used to reconstruct the mandible and floor of the mouth and a radial forearm fasciocutaneous composite flap, including the palmaris longus tendon, was used for total lower lip and chin reconstruction. Postoperatively, both patients had acceptable cosmesis, were orally competent, and recovered adequate mandibular function. Double free-flap reconstruction is indicated only in those circumstances in which composite tissue requirements or massive tissue defects preclude reconstruction with a single free-tissue transfer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Arterial vascularization of the mandible and maxilla of neotropical primates.

The objective of the present investigation was to conduct a comparative macroscopic study of the arterial vascularization of the mandible and maxilla of neotropical primates of the genera Cebus, Alouatta, Callithrix, and Leontopithecus. After vinyl was injected into the arterial system of the head of each specimen, the pieces were macerated and corroded. The level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery into the internal and external carotids varied between the first and third cervical vertebrae. The external carotid artery accounts for most of the vascularization of the facial structures. The actual vessels responsible for the supply of this region are the sublingual, facial, angular, lingual, submandibular, submental, inferior and superior labial, maxillary, inferior alveolar, infraorbital, superior posterior alveolar, palatine major, and sphenopalatine arteries. We conclude that although the arterial vascular pattern was similar in all the genera studied, and resembles the human pattern, there are notable variations in the vasculature of the mandible and maxilla among these four neotropical genera.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Pliocene hominid partial mandible from Tabarin, Baringo, Kenya.

Sediments in the Tugen Hills, west of Lake Baringo, Kenya, form one of the best fossiliferous successions known in Africa spanning the period from 14 my to less than 4 my. Hominoid fossils have previously been recovered from a number of localities in the region. We describe here a new hominid mandible (KNM-TH 13150) from the site of Tabarin, in the Chemeron Formation. Isotopic determinations on a tuff below the fossiliferous horizon gives dates of 4.96 my and 5.25 my. The associated fauna is consistent with these results and independently suggests a minimum age for the specimen of 4.15 my. Although fragmentary, the preserved morphology of the Tabarin mandible is consistent with the diagnosis of the Pliocene hominid Australopithecus afarensis. It can be distinguished from all other currently recognized hominoid taxa.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Deciduous teeth of the Neandertal mandible from Molare Shelter, near Scario (Salerno, Italy).

Excavations at hearth levels at the Molare Shelter in 1985 yielded the mandible of a 3-4-year-old child. The associated lithic artifacts recovered with it are Mousterian. Its features, although quite archaic, are within the known range of variation of Neandertals. Four deciduous molars are still preserved in the mandible. They were compared with other known specimens, which date to the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. The metrical characteristics are surprisingly primitive, within the range of variation of Homo erectus, or at least within that of European Pre-Neandertals, more so than within the variability of typical Neandertal specimens. On the other hand, the morphological characteristics, except for a few that are decidedly plesiomorph, are predominantly Neandertal.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Compact bone distribution and biomechanics of early hominid mandibles.

This investigation explores the effects of compact bone distribution on the biomechanical properties of the postcanine mandibular corpus of the fossil hominid taxa Australopithecus africanus and Paranthropus robustus. The mandibles of extant great apes, modern humans, and the fossil hominids are examined by computed tomography (CT), and compact bone contours are used to calculate cross-sectional biomechanical properties (cortical area, second moments of area, and Bredt's formula for torsional strength). The relative amount of compact bone is comparable in the modern and fossil mandibles, but the mechanical properties of A. africanus and P. robustus jaws are distinct in terms of the ratio of minimum to maximum second moments of area. This difference most likely represents a structural response to elevated torsional moments in the fossil hominids. Although the relative amount of compact bone in cross-section does not differ significantly between taxa by statistical criteria, A. africanus utilizes less cortical bone than P. robustus in the same manner in which Pongo is separated from the condition in other extant large-bodied hominoids. It has been suggested that the phenomenon of mandibular "robusticity" (expressed as an index of corpus breadth/corpus height) may be an effect of postcanine megadontia and/or reduced canine size in the australopithecines. Results presented here, however, indicate that it is unlikely that either factor adequately accounts for mandibular size and shape variation in early hominids.

Animals↗