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PubMedDate not supplied

Quantification of back motion during asymmetric lifting.

The objective of this study was to determine how trunk motion characteristics (in all three planes of the trunk) change as a free dynamic lifting task becomes more asymmetric. Trunk motion characteristics included range of motion, velocity (peak and average), and acceleration. Previous studies have shown that trunk motion characteristics affect trunk strength as well as the action of the trunk musculature. These trunk motion characteristics were quantified as a function of seven task asymmetries and three task weights. The experimental task required the subject to lift materials in positions commonly seen in the workplace. The range of motion, peak velocity, average velocity, and peak acceleration in each plane of the body were documented during the tasks. Generally, trunk motion characteristics in all three planes increased with an increase in task asymmetry. However, with an increase in task weight all the sagittal plane parameters and one transverse plane parameter decreased. Models were constructed to predict trunk motion characteristics given a task asymmetry and weight. When these motion components were compared to dynamic strength estimates from previous studies it was found that dynamic asymmetric lifts could reduce available strength up to 21% of maximum static strength. The results provide new insight into factors associated with the risk of developing low back disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The measurement and prediction of isometric lifting strength in symmetrical and asymmetrical postures.

Static lifting strengths of nine men and nine women were measured at six heights from just above the floor to just above the head, at two horizontal reaches from the mid-ankles (equal to the elbow to grip and acromium to grip distances), in the sagittal plane and also at 45 degrees and 90 degrees to the right for two-handed exertions and at 45 degrees and 90 degrees to each side for one-handed exertions, making a total of 96 postures. A second and different group of 18 subjects (nine men and nine women) were studied in 20 two-handed and 40 one-handed postures intermediate to those of the first group. A third group of 16 subjects (eight men and eight women), with six drawn from the other groups, were used to determine maximum possible reach (at which lifting strength is zero) at the same heights and planes as those for the first group. When strength was expressed as a fraction of body weight and height and reach were expressed as fractions of stature, predictive equations of static lifting strength were obtained which were gender free. The predictive equations may be used to generate isodyne contours for an individual in any chosen planes. Individuals exist whose strengths are consistently greater or less than the prediction. The possibility of identifying such persons in a process of worker selection is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The consistent acceleration of lifted objects: implications for kinesthetic illusions and the perception of weight.

In examining films of lifting movements in a study of the size-weight illusion (Davis & Roberts, 1976) a consistency was noted in the values obtained for the maximum accelerations of the objects lifted. While at first surprising, this finding can be embedded significantly in theories relating to kinesthetic illusions and the perception of weight and to theories on the control of general physical movement. This study was designed to confirm its existence. Twenty-four subjects were filmed lifting four objects differing in size, shape, substance, color, and weight. The film was analyzed frame-by-frame and the data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance. Subjects, while differing from one another, were consistent in the maximum accelerations they applied to the three heaviest of the four objects. The accelerations of the lightest object differed significantly from the accelerations of the other three, but it seems likely that this was due to the experimental task itself.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Controlling the Ground Reaction Force During Lifting.

The control of the ground reaction force vector relative to the center of gravity (CoG) was examined while subjects performed a back-lifting task. Six male subjects (aged 24.0 +/- 2.5 years) repeatedly lifted a barbell. A biomechanical analysis that used a linked segment model revealed that the summed rotations of body segments during lifting yielded a specific rate of change of the angular momentum of the entire body. This equaled the external moment provided by Fsubg; relative to CoG. This implies that multisegment movements involve control of the angular momentum of the entire body through an appropriately directed Fsubg;. Thus, in dynamic tasks Fsubg; is pointed away from rather than lined up with the CoG, as is the case in static tasks.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

An evaluation of the NIOSH Lifting Equation: a psychophysical and biomechanical investigation.

Using the results of psychophysical and biomechanical experiments, NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Recommended Weight Limit (RWL), the Lifting Index (LI), the form of the asymmetry multiplier, and the criterion for compression force were investigated. Analysis of the results indicated a significant difference between the NIOSH RWL and the reported Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift (MAWL). Contrary to the NIOSH lifting equation, the form of the asymmetry multiplier was found to be non-linear. The overall average of peak compression force on the L5/S1 was 3685 N. Fifty-eight percent of all compression forces reported in the biomechanical experiment were found to exceed the suggested 3400 N set by NIOSH guidelines. These results support previous research findings on the validity of NIOSH guidelines.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of manual lifting tasks: a qualitative alternative to the NIOSH work practices guide.

A new method for evaluating ergonomic stresses on lifting tasks has been developed. This method utilizes the general procedures and hazard classification categories described in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting. The quantitative measurements of workplace dimensions and computations used by the NIOSH method to classify a job as "acceptable," "administrative controls required," or "hazardous" have been eliminated in favor of a table look-up procedure. A computer simulation was performed to compare results generated by the new method to results generated by the NIOSH method. The results of this simulation found that the new method was unbiased and was reasonably precise for most lifting activities.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed2026

Lift&Add-rapid and robust addition of new species to alignments of conserved non-coding sequences.

MOTIVATION: Identifying sequence constraint across long evolutionary distances is a powerful method for the discovery of functional genomic sequences, especially putative non-coding elements. Conserved elements have been a mainstay of comparative genomic research, and can be further investigated for species-specific sequence acceleration to dissect the genetic basis of trait evolution. The conclusions of these comparative genomic studies are contingent on the number and range of species included in this phylogenetic analysis. However, while the number of metazoan genomes sequences is increasing rapidly, adding new genomes to existing whole-genome alignments remains computationally expensive. RESULTS: Here, we present a bioinformatic workflow, Lift&Add, that enables conserved elements, coding or non-coding, to be rapidly mapped to new genomes ("Lift") and subsequently be added to pre-existing multiple species alignments ("Add"), thus providing an avenue for easy exploration of these putative functional elements. Focusing here on a group of species that has been largely under-represented in genomic comparisons, the marsupials, we demonstrate the intuition behind this workflow and provide an example comparative genomic analysis that can be performed. IMPLEMENTATION AND AVAILABILITY: Lift&Add is implemented as a series of scripts in Snakemake and bash, which can be downloaded from https://github.com/navyashukladr/Lift_and_Add.

Conserved Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Pulmonary function and head lift during spontaneous recovery from pipecuronium neuromuscular block.

We have studied in seven healthy conscious volunteers the correlation between the electromyographic (EMG) and clinical criteria used to identify adequate recovery from sub-paralysing doses of pipecuronium. Pipecuronium (mean dose 1.88 (range 0.92-3.16) mg) was administered to reach a T4/T1 ratio of 0.5; full recovery to 1.0 was produced in a mean time of 25.3 (14-39) min. During recovery from neuromuscular block, we measured tidal volume, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) negative inspiratory pressure (NIP), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), mid-expiratory flow rate (MEFR) and 5-s head lift. The assessments were started when the train-of-four (TOF) ratio reached 0.5 +/- 0.001 and repeated at each 0.1 +/- 0.001 increase up to a ratio of 1.0. All volunteers showed ptosis and diplopia after the first dose and difficulty in swallowing with subsequent doses. They also experienced a pleasant, relaxing sedative sensation. All could sustain head lift for 5 s at a TOF ratio of 0.5 and higher, except for one subject who could not lift his head only at a ratio of 0.5. There was a statistically significant decrease in FVC, FEV1 and PEFR with a nonsignificant decrease in other pulmonary measurements, except for NIP which only decreased significantly at a ratio of 0.5. These changes are probably of no clinical importance. All the measured respiratory variables returned to control values at a TOF ratio of 0.9.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

How much lift in a facelift?

A reproducible, quantitative approach for measuring skin removed during face lifting is presented. The approach consists of measuring skin at four distinct points. These measurements are statistically analyzed and compared with seventeen patient variables. The approach is applicable to all varieties and techniques of face lifting. This method of quantification could serve as a standard means of defining the extent of face lifting, for use not only in operative reports but also in the literature.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

The subperiosteal rhytidectomy: the third-generation face-lift.

The subperiosteal frontal rhytidectomy described by Tessier was the departure point for a new approach for facial rejuvenation. Psillakis described the subperiosteal face-lift "as an improved concept for correction of the aging face." However, this technique has a high incidence of frontal nerve injury and because of the limitations in the subperiosteal dissection, the facial soft tissues cannot be lifted reliably to the desired position. Other authors have repeated the Psillakis experience with the same frustrations and complication rate. In this report, I describe the evolution of the subperiosteal face-lift and the significant modifications that I have introduced, making this procedure safer and improving results in the degree of facial rejuvenation. My approach of subperiosteal rhytidectomy has been used in 34 patients with a minimal complication rate. This technique also addresses the rejuvenation of the central portion of the face and the restoration of tension of the facial mimetic musculature not obtained by current brow/face-lift procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Laser resurfacing as an adjunct to endoforehead lift, endofacelift, and biplanar facelift.

Laser resurfacing is a wonderful technological advance at improving the quality of aged skin. Physicians have been reluctant to perform full facial resurfacing at the time of rhytidectomy due to risk of flap slough. Newer endoscopic-assisted subperiosteal techniques allow hardy flaps without significant blood supply interruption. Since September 1995 we have performed 26 full facial resurfacings at the time of rhytidectomy or brow lift using the Coherent 5000C carbon dioxide laser. Standard settings and densities were used. Twelve patients underwent full endoscopic facelift; 5 patients, extended endoforehead lift; 8 patients, biplanar rhytidectomy; and 1 patient, standard rhytidectomy prior to immediate laser resurfacing. An additional 2 patients underwent endoscopic forehead lift and forehead resurfacing. There were three herpes infections, one in the endoscopic group, one in the biplanar group, and one in the standard rhytidectomy patient. There were 2 patients with minor skin slough in our early experience with the biplanar group. Full facial resurfacing at the time of rhytidectomy provides a one-stage rejuvenation of skin and deeper layers, and can be performed safely. However, only experienced laser practitioners should attempt resurfacing over undermined flaps.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

"Pillar and collar" technique for measuring the axial edge lift of multicurve rigid lenses.

BACKGROUND: The method of using an optical spherometer and a lens thickness gauge, in combination with a pillar and collar, has previously been shown to be repeatable and accurate (to 0.01 mm) in measuring the edge lift of rigid monocurve lenses. PURPOSE: This paper goes on to validate the technique for measurements taken on edge-finished multicurve rigid lenses. METHODS: The axial edge lift (AEL) of a series of multicurve rigid lenses having known values of AEL was measured using an optical spherometer, a thickness gauge, and contact lens V gauge in a similar way as was described in the companion paper. RESULTS: The results show that as long as a correction factor of 0.01 mm is applied, as found in the previous paper, the technique will allow satisfactory verification of the edge lift. CONCLUSIONS: The technique is accurate and reproducible, even in multicurve lens designs, provided that a calibrating correction factor of 0.01 mm is applied to account for methodological error. It will also indirectly allow the accuracy of manufacture of the peripheral curves and diameters of any rigid contact lens to be verified.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1993

The forehead lift.

Clients desiring to decrease a tired, worried appearance may be candidates for a forehead lift. Often, clients inquire about a facelift or blepharoplasty when a forehead lift would be the procedure most likely to produce the results that the client desires. Providers caring for clients undergoing a forehead lift must use a holistic approach and assess all aspects of the client to ensure a positive health care experience.

Forehead↗
PubMed1980

The second-look technique in face lifts--does it work?

Charts of 120 patients who have undergone face lifts in a single practice have been reviewed for objective evidence of postoperative hematoma formation following traditional or second-look face lift surgery. The respective rates of hematoma formation-21.7 percent, as compared with 7 percent-were found to be significantly different (P less than 0.025) by chi-square analysis, and no extraneous factors can be asserted to explain this difference. The authors therefore conclude that the second-look technique is responsible for reducing postoperative complication from face lift and that it is a worthwhile modification to the traditional procedure.

Face↗
PubMed1983

SMAS-platysma face lift.

Correction of laxity in the submental area and of hypertrophic neck cords has been enhanced with the SMAS-platysma face life over that which was achieved with a standard skin face lift. Evaluation of a 6-year experience with the SMAS-platysma face lift reveals that the operation can be safely performed with an acceptably low incidence of complications. The incidence of hematoma and associated complications is less than that which occurs when cervical and submental defatting is performed in conjunction with a skin face lift.

Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1984

Correction of thin lips: "lip lift".

Thin, atrophied lips are a stigma of old age. This paper discusses the so-called lip lift, an operation that consists of lifting, everting, and increasing the bulk of the upper and lower lips by means of a simple but meticulous procedure along the vermilion border. An introductory study on lip aesthetics is presented. Preoperative planning is greatly emphasized. This technique has been used by the author in 32 cases as an adjunct to facial lifts or as a separate procedure. The patients were followed for up to 3 years. The results were quite satisfactory.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

Hematomas requiring surgical evacuation following face lift surgery.

This study evaluates hematomas requiring surgical evacuation following a face lift. Twenty-three hematomas occurred with 1236 consecutive face lifts (1.86 percent). All hematomas occurred within 48 hours. Fifty-seven percent were identified at less than 15 hours, 26 percent from 15 to 24 hours, and 17 percent from 24 to 48 hours. The incidence of hematomas for surgeons who performed more than 50 face lifts in this study varied from zero to 3.83 percent. This difference in incidence was statistically significant. A multivariant analysis of predetermined variables was done. Age, preoperative tests, medical history, gender, perioperative medications, type of anesthesia, number and combination of procedures, and treatment of the SMAS did not independently affect the incidence of hematomas. Preoperative and postoperative blood pressure did not affect the incidence. The incidence of hematomas with general anesthesia in this study was 7 of 630 (1.11 percent). In a similar 1973 study at this institution, the incidence with general anesthesia was 3.26 percent. This improvement was attributed to a change in anesthetic technique. Intraoperative hypotension was avoided in the current series. The incidence of hematoma in the local anesthesia group was 3.72 percent, and in the monitored intravenous sedation group it was 0.87 percent. Meticulous hemostasis, done with the patient's blood pressure in a normotensive state, appeared to be of primary importance.

Face↗
PubMed1995

Endoscopically assisted biplanar forehead lift.

The standard subgaleal coronal incision used for brow lifting is limited to patients with low foreheads. The subcutaneous hairline brow lift used for patients with high foreheads has a high rate of vascular complications. However, the main advantage of the subcutaneous approach is preservation of sensation posterior to the incision line. The subperiosteal approach, on the other hand, allows a better periorbital remodeling. I have combined the subperiosteal and the subcutaneous approach to take advantage of and minimize the disadvantages of each individual approach. The advent of the endoscopic technique has allowed more accurate and controlled periorbital dissection and brow depressor muscle modification. The operation is indicated in every patient in whom the anterior hairline incision is indicated. It is a good method for decreasing the height of the forehead. The dissection is done initially in the subcutaneous plane, and about halfway on the forehead slit incisions through the galea-periosteal layer and through the temporoparietal fascia are made to continue the dissection in the deep plane. The periosteal dissection and release at the arcus marginalis is done under endoscopic control. Likewise, the brow depressor muscle modification is done under endoscopic magnification. Deep anchoring sutures fix the brow in the elevated position. Trimming and closure of the cutaneous layer are done with minimal tension. The biplanar subperiosteal-subcutaneous forehead lift has been used in 24 patients with very satisfactory results. Complications have been of a minor nature. Patients have maintained sensation posterior to the hairline incision. The height of the forehead has been decreased in every case. Frontalis muscle function has been preserved.

Adult↗