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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma presenting with a breast mass.

Lymphomas secondarily involving the breast are uncommon, although they do represent the largest group of tumors metastatic to breast. A 20-year-old female with lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) presented here with 3 month history of weight loss, night sweats, fatigue and a mass in her left breast. Her physical examination revealed a left breast mass, lympadenopathy, bilateral pleural effusion and hepatomegaly. WBC count was 17,710/mm3 and LDH was mildly elevated. Breast ultrasound showed a 1.7 cm mass in the inner lower quadrant of left breast. Biopsy of the breast mass showed diffuse infiltration with small, round atypical cells which did not stain with CD20, CD43, CD34, cytokeratine and were positive for CD3. She was diagnosed as leukemic phase of a precursor T-cell LBL and treated with 6 cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone), intrathecal methotrexate and cranial radiotherapy, achieving a complete response. She then was started on maintenance therapy. Four months later she returned with CNS involvement and was started on induction treatment. She had a very aggressive course of disease and died only 12 months after diagnosis. Breast involvement is very rarely seen in precursor T-cell LBL/ALL and in this patient occurred secondarily as part of widespread disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Induction of tumor arrest and differentiation with prolonged survival by intermittent hypoxia in a mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia.

We showed previously that mild real hypoxia and hypoxia-mimetic agents induced in vitro cell differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We here investigate the in vivo effects of intermittent hypoxia on syngenic grafts of leukemic blasts in a PML-RARalpha transgenic mouse model of AML. For intermittent hypoxia, leukemic mice were housed in a hypoxia chamber equivalent to an altitude of 6000 m for 18 hours every consecutive day. The results show that intermittent hypoxia significantly prolongs the survival of the leukemic mice that received transplants, although it fails to cure the disease. By histologic and cytologic analyses, intermittent hypoxia is shown to inhibit the infiltration of leukemic blasts in peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, and liver without apoptosis induction. More intriguingly, intermittent hypoxia also induces leukemic cells to undergo differentiation with progressive increase of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha protein, as evidenced by morphologic criteria of maturating myeloid cells and increased expression of mouse myeloid cell differentiation-related antigens Gr-1 and Mac-1. Taken together, this study represents the first attempt to characterize the in vivo effects of hypoxia on an AML mouse model. Additional investigations may uncover ways to mimic the differentiative effects of hypoxia in a manner that will benefit human patients with AML.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Subacute and chronic monocytic leukemia: diagnostic and clinical problems].

The authors report on 16 cases of either subacute (SMML) or chronic (CMML) myelomonocytic leukemia as well as chronic monocytic leukemia (CMoL). All these cases were oligoblastic and, according to their clinical course, they could be termed as smouldering leukemias. The chronic types affected mainly males. The diagnostic cytomorphological and cytochemical criteria are discussed. Erythro- and thrombocytopoiesis were distinctly less impaired than in acute leukemias (AL). The leucocyte count in the peripheral blood of the SMML cases was within the normal range. Hepato- and splenomegaly were markedly increased as compared to AL. According to our materials leukemic skin infiltrations were less frequent in CMoL, CMML and SMML than in acute monocytic leukemias. In each of the three types of leukemia discussed monocytic leukemic cells could be readily identified by cytochemical tests and usually showed fairly normal maturation. In accordance with these observations lysozyme levels in urine and serum usually were strongly increased. The patients in the CMML and CMoL groups showed a mean survival of more than 13 months (2 out of 7 are still alive), whereas the SMML patients survived an average of 8 months. Deaths were frequently due to advanced age rather than to leukemia. In other cases a terminal accumulation of blasts marked a transition to acute leukemia. During the smouldering phase of the disease no beneficial effect of combined chemotherapy could be noted. Supportive and symptomatic therapy might improve length and quality of survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Inhibition of the development of radiation-induced leukemia in mice by reduction of food intake.

We have reported previously that the incidence of tumors induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by total-body gamma-ray irradiation can be considerably reduced by restriction of food intake [Gross, L. & Dreyfuss, Y. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 7596-7598]. In experiments reported here we investigated the influence of reduced food intake on the development of radiation-induced leukemia in C3H(f) mice. The incidence of spontaneous leukemia in mice of this strain does not exceed 0.5%, but it can be considerably increased by total-body x-irradiation. In our study, two groups of C3H(f) mice were submitted to fractionated total-body gamma-irradiation (150 rads, five times at weekly intervals; 1 rad = 0.01 gray). The first group received a full ad lib diet (4.5-5.4 g of Purina Rodent Lab Chow pellets per day, each). In this group 31 out of 58 females (53.4%) and 24 out of 50 males (48%) developed leukemia at an average age of 8 months. In the second group, consisting of sisters and brothers of the first group, and submitted to the same gamma-irradiation but receiving a restricted diet (2 g of Purina Lab Chow pellets each, followed by 3 g on alternate days), only 2 out of 55 females (3.6%), and 1 out of 36 males (2.8%), developed leukemia at an average age of 9 and 12 months, respectively. Leukemia in both groups was predominantly of the lymphatic or lymphoblastic form, the leukemic cells infiltrating most organs, particularly the thymus, mesenteric and peripheral lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, and bone marrow; in most instances the peripheral blood was also leukemic.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[A case of B-cell type acute lymphocytic leukemia presenting ophthalmoplegia].

A 72-year-old man suddenly developed right blepharoptosis and diplopia and subsequently experienced motor and sensory disturbances in his upper and lower limbs. Soon he developed violet eruptions on his trunk and extremities. Approximately 2 months after the onset of his neurological symptoms, laboratory tests confirmed a diagnosis of B-cell type acute lymphocytic leukemia. The patient died 5 days later. Autopsy findings comprised prominent intrafascicular infiltration of leukemic cells in multiple peripheral nerves, including cranial and dorsal roots. However, there was no parenchymal involvement except in the dorsal root ganglia. In acute leukemia, infiltration of malignant cells in the peripheral nervous system has been reported to be uncommon compared with that in malignant lymphoma. This case of acute lymphocytic leukemia was considered to be unique with regard to the onset of neurological symptoms and autopsy findings.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Experimental study on anti-acute leukemia with Chinese traditional drugs].

This paper deals with the experimental study on L7212 leukemic model of mice with Chinese medicine Liushenwan, Zhijinding and Xihuangwan for the treatment. This study proved that these drugs possessed the effect of inhibiting and killing L7212 leukemic cells of the experimental leukemic mice (P less than 0.05-0.001). They affected the S stage of the cell multiplication cycle time mainly (P less than 0.01). They could relieve the infiltration of leukemic cells in the liver and spleen of L7212 mice (P less than 0.001) and obviously prolong the survival time of the mice (P less than 0.01-0.001).

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Bone marrow infiltration pattern in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia is related to immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region mutation status and expression of 70-kd zeta-associated protein (ZAP-70).

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) consists of at least 2 subtypes with either somatically mutated or unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (IgVH) genes. A prognostic significance of the infiltration pattern in bone marrow trephine biopsy has been described before. The combined pattern analysis and detection of 70-kd zeta-associated protein (ZAP-70) expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bone marrow trephines has not been investigated so far. To evaluate the relationship between ZAP-70 expression, mutation status, and the infiltration pattern in B-CLL, we analyzed bone marrow trephine biopsies from B-CLL patients (n = 35). The expression of ZAP-70 was related to the infiltration type: in all samples with diffuse infiltration pattern, the leukemic cells showed ZAP-70 staining, whereas leukemic cells in a nodular infiltration pattern were negative. By contrast, the mixed-pattern type showed a variable ZAP-70 expression. Besides definitely negative or positive ZAP-70 expression, a few samples showed a faint ZAP-70 staining, and the classification into the positive or negative group was difficult. In addition, the infiltration type was related to the mutation status in a subset of samples: mutation of the IgVH gene was restricted to the nondiffuse infiltration pattern and was not found in cases with diffuse infiltration of bone marrow. The expression of ZAP-70, detected by an immunohistochemical assay and also by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assigned 83% of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases to the suspected immunoglobulin mutation subtype. In 2 patients with ZAP-70 expression, a mutated IgVH status was found. These cases exhibited a mixed pattern of infiltration. We conclude that the pure nodular type of marrow infiltration in B-CLL is associated with IgH hypermutation and ZAP-70 negativity, whereas the predominantly diffuse type of infiltration reveals unmutated IgH genes with ZAP-70 overexpression. The mixed type of infiltration is displayed by mutated as well as unmutated cases with a varying pattern of ZAP-70 expression.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Histopathologic features of splenic small B-cell lymphomas. A study of 42 cases with a definitive diagnosis by the World Health Organization classification.

We studied 42 cases of splenic small B-cell lymphoma (SBL) (21 women, 21 men; aged 32-82 years; median, 65 years) with a definitive diagnosis by the World Health Organization classification: chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 8; mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), 9; follicular lymphoma (FL), 12; marginal zone lymphoma, 13 (splenic [SMZL], 12; extranodal [EMZL], 1). Splenectomy was performed for diagnosis or therapy; splenic weights were 0.2 to 3.8 kg (median, 1.4 kg). In general, splenic SBLs showed white pulp (WP) expansion; morphologic features of the nodules recapitulated the corresponding lymph node histopathologic features. "Marginal zones" were observed commonly in SMZL and FL, may be present in MCL involving the spleen, and may be seen in hilar lymph nodes (HLNs) in SBLs other than SMZL. FL may simulate SMZL and can be distinguished by the presence of neoplastic follicles and HLN morphologic features. Extracellular hyaline deposits (EH) are common in FL and SMZL. MCL typically shows WP expansion by a monotonous small lymphocytic infiltrate, without diffuse red pulp (RP) infiltration or EH; leukemic MCL may show RP infiltration. Splenic morphologic features in CLL vary in WP or RP dominance; marginal zones usually are not observed in CLL.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

In vitro production and transplantation of immunologically active skin equivalents.

In this study, we produced in vitro epidermal equivalents (EE) and skin equivalents (SE) with and without spleen lymphocytes. These skin substitutes were used for in vitro and in vivo (after isograft) histologic studies of cell and extracellular matrix organization and for protein synthesis. Then, using spleen lymphocytes in syngeneic and allogeneic SE, we assessed the immunogenicity of these skin substitutes after transplantation. In vitro histologic analyses showed that the epidermal organization of EE was comparable to that of SE. Fibroblasts and spleen lymphocytes were present in the extracellular matrix, as is the case in normal skin. Comparative immunohistologic studies after EE and SE isografting showed that the newly generated cutaneous tissues were well structured and vascularized. There were indications of physiologically active skin. The dermal component in these regenerated skins was, however, more organized after SE than after EE isografting, which indicates the importance of the dermis. Lastly, allografting of SE with and without spleen lymphocytes showed interesting results. Indeed, 10 days after allografting, all SE allowed skin regeneration comparable to isografts. Moreover, leukocyte infiltration in allografts was observed as early as 10 days and increased during the postgrafting period. Also, the presence of allogeneic spleen lymphocytes alone in syngeneic SE initiated recipient immune activation and induced leukocyte infiltration and graft rejection. The density of infiltrating leukocytes was higher in the complete allograft (allogeneic keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and spleen lymphocytes) compared with the partial allograft (only spleen lymphocytes were allogeneic), with the allograft (allogeneic keratinocytes and fibroblasts), and with the partial isograft (presence of syngeneic lymphocytes with allogeneic keratinocytes and fibroblasts). Mac-1+ and CD8+ cells were present in these leukocyte infiltrations, which indicates recipient immune system activation and allograft rejection. CD4-positive cells were not, however, seen in these leukocyte infiltrations. These results suggest that the incorporation of spleen lymphocytes in SE enhanced their immunogenicity as judged by leukocyte infiltration and the presence of CD8+ cells in the implants.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Elevated levels of soluble factors in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with adult T-cell leukaemia complicated with meningeal infiltration.

We measured some soluble factors in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) complicated with meningeal infiltration. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) was not detectable in the CSF of all cases with meningeal infiltration. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was detected in a few patients with ATL. Measurement of IL-4 and IL-6 in CSF had no diagnostic value for meningeal infiltration of ATL cells. Soluble CD4 (sCD4) was highly elevated in all ATL patients with meningeal infiltration. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R; sCD25) in CSF was markedly elevated in 13/18 ATL patients (72.2%) with meningeal infiltration. Levels of sCD4 and sCD25 in the CSF of ATL patients with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms were significantly higher than those of non-ATL patients with CNS symptoms. These observations indicate that sCD4 and sCD25 in the CSF are probably associated with meningeal infiltration of leukaemia cells that expressed CD4 and CD25 on the surface membrane and new markers for the meningeal infiltration of ATL cells.

CD4 Antigens↗
PubMed2000

A new cause of 'non-responsiveness' in coeliac disease?

A 42 year old man presented with gluten-responsive coeliac disease and secondary pancreatic insufficiency. Subsequently his symptoms relapsed and repeat small intestinal biopsy showed villous atrophy and infiltration by leukaemic cells, despite continuation of a gluten-free diet. Serious causes of relapse and non-responsiveness in coeliac disease include enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, ulcerative jejunitis and an end-stage hypoplastic mucosa. This is the first report of non-responsiveness due to infiltration by leukaemia.

Adult↗