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PubMed2000

The "MICTRID" concept in the educational offer for medical informatics and telemedicine at the Politecnico di Milano.

Research and training programs in Medical Informatics and Telemedicine offered at the Politecnico di Milano are summarized. The educational pathways refer to the programs of the 5-years based Laurea Degree, the 3-years based Diploma Universitario Degree, of the post-Laurea 3-years-based Doctoral Degree and of the 1-year based Master Degree, as well as of the Continuing Education Program. The Research programs focus on databases and extend to the optimisation of the "Visible Human Dataset--Milano Mirror Site" services. Additional activities relate to standardization at both Italian and European levels and to cooperations with hospitals and manufacturers.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2000

Critical social theory as a model for the informatics curriculum for nursing.

It is widely acknowledged that the education and training of nurses in information management and technology is problematic. Drawing from recent research this paper presents a theoretical framework within which the nature of the problems faced by nurses in the use of information may be analyzed. This framework, based on the critical social theory of Habermas, also provides a model for the informatics curriculum. The advantages of problem based learning and multi-media web-based technologies for the delivery of learning materials within this area are also discussed.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed2000

Learning just-in-time in medical informatics.

Just-in-time learning (JITL) methodology has been applied to many areas of knowledge acquisition and dissemination. The paradigm is a challenge to the traditional classroom course-oriented approach with the aim to shorten the learning time, increasing the efficiency of the learning process, improve availability and save money. The information technology tools and platforms have been heavily involved to develop and deliver JITL. This paper discusses the main characteristics of JITL with regard to its implementation to teaching Medical Informatics.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Introduction of nursing informatics in the nursing baccalaureate program at the American University of Beirut.

The rapid expansion of computer use for various nursing activities has made computer technology an important part of the curriculum in many schools of nursing across the world. Computer technology has become an alternative tool for teaching practice skills to students in a variety of educational settings and disciplines. Information technology (IT) is not yet well recognized in the Lebanese nursing curricula. This article traces the events of planning, developing, integrating, and evaluating nursing informatics on the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Program of the School of Nursing (SON), at The American University of Beirut (AUB), Lebanon.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The informatics nurse specialist as change agent. Application of innovation-diffusion theory.

The informatics nurse specialist (INS) is often the primary change agent in facilitating the implementation of clinical information systems (CIS) in healthcare settings. The INS has a unique understanding of the nursing issues that can affect the change process, and thus is in a key position to facilitate positive implementation outcomes. Innovation-diffusion theory is particularly useful in its application to the change agent role of the INS. With this theoretical knowledge, the INS can design CIS training interventions according to the psychological phenomena of Rogers' Innovation-Decision Process. An understanding of the decision-making process and the distribution of different rates of innovation adoption within a given population enable the INS to anticipate and address influential factors that affect the implementation process. Thus, Innovation-Diffusion Theory may be used as a powerful cognitive tool for the INS in facilitating the diffusion process and nurses' adoption of the technology in practice.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Medical informatics education for "allied" profiles.

Medical informatics education should be adapted for each speciality of "allied professions". In this paper we try to share from our experience with students of several profiles: medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, physio-kineto-therapy, clinical laboratory, dentistry techniques and stomatological prophylaxis.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Medical informatics and problem-based learning.

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an educational method that can be considered as an alternative to the traditional, discipline-based, approach to teaching. In this paper the characteristics of both approaches are discussed and compared. Some background knowledge concerning the principles that determine the success of instructional methods is presented. Finally, it is discussed how medical informatics can be taught in a PBL environment.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2001

The development of model curricula for Health Informatics.

We have developed model Health Informatics (HI) curricula for the education of three categories of professionals: Applied Health Informaticians, the professionals that deploy information technologies, Research and Development Health Informaticians those that develop new concepts, techniques, and solutions, and what we have called Clinician Health Informaticians, providers who use HI capabilities to support their professional work. The curricula specify the competencies that each type of professional must acquire.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2001

Project-based teaching in health informatics: a course on health care quality improvement.

Teaching the skills and knowledge required in health informatics [1] is a challenge because the skill of applying knowledge in real life requires practice. We relate the experience with introducing a practice component to a course in "Health Care Quality Improvement". Working health care professionals were invited to bring an actual quality problem from their place of work and to work alongside students in running the problem through a quality improvement project lifecycle. Multiple technological and process oriented teaching innovations were employed including project sessions in observation rooms, video recording of these sessions, generation of demonstration examples and distance education components. Both students and their collaborators from the work place developed proficiency in applying quality improvement methods as well as in experiencing the realities of group processes, information gaps and organizational constraints. The principles used to achieve high involvement of the whole class, the employed resources and technical support are described. The resulting academic and practical achievements are discussed in relation to the alternative instructional modalities, and with respect to didactic implications for similar endeavors and beyond to other fields such as systems engineering.

Management Quality Circles↗
PubMed2001

CHESS: ten years of research and development in consumer health informatics for broad populations, including the underserved.

This paper reviews the research and development around a consumer health informatics system CHESS (The Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System) developed and tested by the Center for Health Systems Research and Analysis at the University of Wisconsin. The review will place particular emphasis on what has been found with regard to the acceptance and use of such systems by high risk and underserved groups.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Chem-tox informatics: data mining using a medicinal chemistry building block approach.

Relating chemical structure to biological activity is not a new endeavor, however, the ability to do this on large datasets is just emerging. To cope with the enormous amounts of data being generated, an assortment of computational methods has been developed in the fields of chemoinformatics and computational toxicology. Many of the molecular descriptors used in these approaches are abstract, theoretical constructs that are difficult to understand and visualize. Having easily recognized chemical features, such as those in several new programs, will allow chemists to use toxicological information (or any biological information) when designing new libraries. These improved chem-tox informatics systems will have an impact on library design, hit and lead optimization, development candidate testing and regulatory review.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The role of clinical informatics in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's efforts to improve patient safety.

In 1998, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) issued a report on medical errors, which estimated that up to 98,000 people die in U.S. hospitals each year from errors. This report raised concerns that medical errors have become a national public health problem that should be addressed in the same manner as other epidemics such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. In 2001, the IOM released a follow-up report encompassing a broader range of quality issues. They concluded that the U.S. healthcare system is outmoded and incapable of providing consistent, high-quality care. They outlined a strategy for redesigning U.S. healthcare delivery to achieve safe, dependable, high-quality care, which emphasizes information technology as an integral part of the solution. AHRQ's fiscal year 2001 appropriation included an increase of $50 million dollars for initiatives to reduce medical errors and improve patient safety. AHRQ responded to this mandate by developing a series of research solicitations that form an integrated set of activities to design and test best practices for reducing errors in multiple health care settings. This paper discusses the components of this program and the central role of medical informatics research in the Agency's efforts to improve the safety of medical care in America.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗
PubMed1999

[Nurses work in the organization of health services and its inclusion in the informatics department of the health bureau of the city of Ribeirao Preto].

The purpose of this investigation was to analyse nurse's role in the organization of the health work at the Informatics Department of the Health Bureau of the city of Ribeirão Preto, regarding the process of municipalization. We verified that nurses were involved in the organization of this area since its implementation. Nurses also performed organization and control activities related to the production, storage and analysis of the necessary data about the different stages of the health care, as well as training and supervising activities of the individuals who work with the information system.

Brazil↗
PubMed2002

Informatics competencies for nurse managers and their staffs.

Nurses have always dealt with data, information, and knowledge. Therefore, as automated information systems become increasingly important in health care, all nurses should have core competencies in computer skills and data and information management. These competencies differ according to the skill level of the nurse, from a beginning nurse to nursing manager, and on to those who specialize in nursing informatics.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed2002

A humanist's legacy in medical informatics: visions and accomplishments of Professor Jean-Raoul Scherrer.

OBJECTIVE: To report about the work of Prof. Jean-Raoul Scherrer, and show how his humanist vision, his medical skills and his scientific background have enabled and shaped the development of medical informatics over the last 30 years. RESULTS: Starting with the mainframe-based patient-centered hospital information system DIOGENE in the 70s, Prof. Scherrer developed, implemented and evolved innovative concepts of man-machine interfaces, distributed and federated environments, leading the way with information systems that obstinately focused on the support of care providers and patients. Through a rigorous design of terminologies and ontologies, the DIOGENE data would then serve as a basis for the development of clinical research, data mining, and lead to innovative natural language processing techniques. In parallel, Prof. Scherrer supported the development of medical image management, ranging from a distributed picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) to molecular imaging of protein electrophoreses. Recognizing the need for improving the quality and trustworthiness of medical information on the Web, Prof. Scherrer created the Health-On-the-Net (HON) foundation. CONCLUSIONS: These achievements, made possible thanks to his visionary mind, deep humanism, creativity, generosity and determination, have made of Prof. Scherrer a true pioneer and leader of the human-centered, patient-oriented application of information technology for improving healthcare.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of the UMLS as a terminology and knowledge resource for biomedical informatics.

OBJECTIVES: Terminology and knowledge resources are essential components of interoperability among disparate systems. This paper evaluates whether names and relationships needed in biomedical informatics are present in the UMLS. METHODS: Terms for five broad categories of concepts were extracted from LocusLink and mapped to the UMLS Metathesausus. Relationships between gene products and the other four categories (phenotype, molecular function, biological process, and cellular component) were searched for in the Metathesaurus. All gene products in the Gene Ontology database were also mapped to the UMLS in order to evaluate its global coverage of the domain. RESULTS: The coverage of concepts ranged from 2% (gene product symbols) to 44% (molecular functions). The coverage of relationships ranged from 60% for Gene product-Biological process to 83% for Gene product-Molecular function. DISCUSSION: Terminology and ontology issues are discussed, as well as the need for integrating additional resources to the UMLS.

Databases, Genetic↗
PubMed2002

Medical informatics as a market for IS/IT.

Medical informatics is "the application of information science and information technology to the theoretical and practical problems of biomedical research, clinical practice, and medical education." A key difference between the two streams lies in their perspectives of "What Is Important in MI to Me?" MI may be seen as the marketplace where biomedicine consumes products and services provided by information science and information technology.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed2002

Scale and context: issues in ontologies to link health- and bio-informatics.

Bridging levels of scale and context are key problems for integrating Bio- and Health Informatics. Formal, logic-based ontologies using expressive formalisms are naturally "fractal" and provide new methods to support these aims. The basic notion of composition can be used to bridge scales; axioms can be used to carry implicit information; specific context markers can be included in definitions; and a hierarchy of semantic links can be used to represent subtle differences in point of view. Experience with OpenGALEN, the UK Drug Ontology and new experiments with the Gene Ontology and Foundational Model of Anatomy suggest that these are powerful tools provide practical solutions.

Medical Informatics↗