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PubMed2002

[Coversyl again].

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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed2002

[Combination of low-dose perindopril/indapamide versus atenolol in the hypertensive patient. Effects on systolic pressure and arterial hemodynamics. REASON Study].

In hypertension, consideration of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse pressure (PP) is now well recognized from epidemiological and therapeutical points of view, after numerous years of interest in only diastolic blood pressure. SBP, and also PP, are tightly linked to mechanical properties of large arteries. It is now possible to investigate precisely, with very good repeatability, these mechanic properties. The REASON study is an international multicenter randomised, controlled, parallel-groups study in essential hypertensives. The very low dose perindopril/indapamide combination (Per/Ind: 2 mg/0.625 mg) was compared with atenolol (50 mg) for a 12-month active treatment period in terms of blood pressure reduction efficiency and change in large artery hemodynamics to attempt to relate changes in pressure and changes in arterial mechanics. 471 patients suffering from hypertension were included, 406 benefitted from the treatment for one year (per-protocol analysis) and 96 benefitted from arterial investigations (pulse wave velocity and aortic wave reflection with applanation tonometry). Changes in brachial and central SBP and PP were higher with Per/ind than with atenolol. The reduction in pulse wave velocity was similar with both drugs, but aortic wave reflections were more reduced with Per/Ind than with atenolol. The very low dose perindopril/indapamide decreases SBP and PP to a larger extent than does a betablocker after a 12-month treatment. Changes in arterial mechanics, non invasively measured, were the same (pulse wave velocity) or in favour of Per/Ind vs atenolol (higher reduction in aortic wave reflection, with higher reductions in central systolic and pulse pressures).

Atenolol↗
PubMed2003

[Arterial stiffness, wave reflections and myocardial protection: the REASON project].

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and systolic-diastolic pulse pressure (PP) may be superior predictors of cardiovascular risk than diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Treatments that selectively reduce SBP and PP may therefore be of particular interest. The REASON project was a randomised, double-blind study comparing the very low-dose combination perindopril 2mg/indapamide 0.625 mg (Per/Ind) versus atenolol 50mg for 12 months in 471 hypertensive patients. Both treatments produced similar reductions in brachial DBP, but Per/Ind produced greater reductions than atenolol in SBP (-23.1 +/- 15.6mm Hg vs -16.2 +/- 16.0mm Hg; p < 0.001) and PP (-9.9 +/- 12.4mm Hg vs -3.3 +/- 13.5mm Hg; p < 0.001). Patients with echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy at baseline (n = 124) showed greater reduction of left ventricular mass index with Per/Ind (-11.3 +/- 15.4 g/m(2)) than atenolol (-5.3 +/- 15.1 g/m(2); p = 0.031). Relative to atenolol, Per/Ind selectively targets SBP and PP, which could be important in reducing cardiovascular risk.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2003

[ADVANCE study: objectives, design and current status].

UNLABELLED: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have markedly increased risks of developing vascular diseases. These risks are reduced by lowering blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. However, the association between blood pressure and vascular risk appears continuous, with no clearly defined blood pressure level below which the risks fail to further decline. Intensive glucose lowering in these patients has also been shown to reduce microvascular disease, but effects on macrovascular disease remain uncertain. OBJECTIVES: ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular disease; preterAx and diamicroN-MR Controlled Evaluation) will examine the hypotheses that intensive blood pressure lowering (with an angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitor-diuretic combination) and glucose control in high-risk hypertensive or non-hypertensive individuals with type 2 diabetes reduce the incidence of vascular diseases. The study will also provide an opportunity to examine the effects of blood pressure lowering against a background of ACE inhibition among such patients. DESIGN: This 2 x 2 factorial randomised controlled trial will recruit 10 000 adults with type 2 diabetes at elevated risk of vascular disease, from approximately 200 clinical centres in 20 countries worldwide. Eligible patients are randomised to, first, the fixed combination of perindopril 2mg/indapamide 0.625 mg then perindopril 4 mg/indapamide 1.25mg or matching placebo, and, second, to an intensive sulphonylurea-based glucose control regimen (target glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA(1c)] </= 6.5%), or usual guidelines-based therapy. Any participant in whom ACE inhibition is thought to be indicated is provided with background perindopril therapy. The scheduled period of treatment and follow-up is 4.5 years. Primary outcomes are a composite of macrovascular and a composite of microvascular events. CURRENT STATUS: By mid-September 2002, more than 8000 patients had been recruited from 17 countries, with registrations expected to be completed by December 2002. Approximately half the participants recruited will be from Asia or from Eastern Europe. Final results are expected early in 2007. (Author's note: registration closed on January 24, 2003, with sufficient participants to exceed the target of 10 000 randomised subjects.)

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Myocardial indium-111-antimyosin uptake in essential hypertension.

AIM: Evaluation of myocardial uptake of (111)In-anti-myosin antibodies in patients with essential hypertension for the verification of our hypothesis that it may increase in stage 1 in the left ventricle as a result of myocardial damage. PATIENTS, METHODS: Twelve men (mean age: 59+/-2.4 years) suffering from angina like symptoms and essential hypertension in clinical stage 1 according to the JNC-VI criteria were included into the study. These patients showed normal perfusion as revealed by thallium-201 myocardial study and coronary angiography. Left ventricular mass index was determined in echocardiography. Planar antimyosin images were obtained 48 h after the intravenous injection of the tracer. Heart to lung ratios were calculated as a parameter of myocardial tracer uptake using appropriate region of interests; values>1.52 were considered as abnormal. RESULTS: We observed increased anti-myosin uptake (mean: 1.71+/-0.12) consistent with myocardial damage in 11 of 12 patients. Nine of 12 patients had a left ventricular hypertrophy with left ventricular mass index values (mean: 131 g/m(2)+/-9.48) above 115 g/m(2). Heart to lung ratio was correlated significantly to left ventricular mass index (r = 0.902, p<0.001) and duration of hypertension (r = 0.948, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that (111)In-antimyosin imaging may indicate myocyte damage in early phases of hypertensive heart disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Arterial hypertension in menopausal women: Clinical, functional, and pharmaco-economical aspects].

The study was undertaken to define the specific features of daily variations of blood pressure (BP) and autonomic cardiac regulation (ACR), as well as the functional status of the myocardium and vascular endothelium in females with menopausal arterial hypertension (MPAH) and to assess the pharmacotherapeutic and economical aspects of the combined use of arifon retard and clinonorm. The study enrolled 30 reproductive females with mild and moderate arterial hypertension (AH) and 65 females with MPAH who were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the therapeutic model. MPAH was characterized by more unfavorable hemodynamic changes that AH in the presence of preserved fertile function: greater load on target organs, elevated BP, its inadequate nocturnal lowering, greater BP variations, the magnitude and rate of its morning elevation. In AH, the vasomotor function of the endothelium varies with the clinical form of the disease and with the functional status of the female reproductive system. By and large, in the group of patients with MPAH, the latter was characterized by a more significant decrease in endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDVD). Arifon retard monotherapy has an adequate antihypertensive effect in female patients with MPAH, by ensuring 24-hour control of BP and affecting its chronostructure. A combination of arifon retard and climonorm has no cumulative effect on the level of BP and on the parameters of pressure-induced load; however, this is a pathogenetically grounded combination that potentiates the positive effects of a diuretic in significantly improving EDVD and ACR. The use of arifon retard in combination with climonorm in MPAH is the most cost-effective for public health care facilities and effective for patients. The course of MPAH is of certain peculiarity, which should be taken into account in choosing a therapeutic model for this category of patients.

Circadian Rhythm↗