Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Incus”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Minimum neurolysis in so-called frozen face paralysis].

The simplest method of dealing with a frigore facial paralysis surgically seems to be by a minima neurolysis using a speculum and tackling it through the ear-drum as in otiospongiosis. In this manner, the Eustachian tube is exposed between the deep surface of the incus and the tendon of the musculus stapedius. Results were consistently good in 26 cases. The quality of recovery depends more on the duration of the paralysis than on operative technique.

Facial Nerve↗
PubMed1975

[Homologous transplants in the middle ear (author's transl)].

The original concept of tympanoplasty included besides the closure of the middle ear, the removal of pathological middle ear components leaving intact the functional and healthy components. The special conditions that prevail in the middle ear (aeration, absence of intrinsic trauma) allow the reconstruction of the middle ear mechanics to a great extent. Animal experiments and clinical experience reveal good transplantation properties of denatured and preserved ear ossicles. They are partly replaced by the body's own true tissue, and preserve the original form over a period of years. Denatured dear drums with malleus, incus, and parts of the stapes give astounding acoustic results. The posterior bony canal wall in old radical cavities can be replaced by the posterior wall of the human temporal bone which has been preserved in Cialit.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Causes of failure in open cavity mastoidectomy].

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the causes of failure in patients who underwent open cavity mastoidectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of sixty-three patients who had undergone open cavity mastoidectomy for chronic otitis media, 11 patients (7 females, 4 males; mean age 35.2 years; range 8 to 59 years) required revision mastoidectomy. Membrane repair was accomplished with the use of temporal muscle fascia and tragal cartilage; ossicular reconstruction was performed by the interposition of incus and TORP. The mean follow-up was 13.1 months (range 6 months to 2 years). RESULTS: The involved ear was the right in seven and the left in four patients. None of the patients, but one with nasal allergy had any immune or systemic diseases. In all patients cavity epithelialization was completed in a mean of 1.6 months (range 1 to 3 months). The indications for revision included residual cholesteatoma in three patients, inadequate meatoplasty and lowering of the facial ridge in four patients, patent tuba and serous discharge in two patients, and tympanic membrane perforation and granulation tissue in the hypotympanum and mastoid apex in two patients. CONCLUSION: The incidence of revision mastoidectomy may be decreased when a safe open cavity is obtained through lowering the facial bridge down to the level of the facial nerve, adequate meatoplasty, and by a complete exenteration of all the mastoid cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Maxillonasal dysplasia (Binder syndrome): a lateral cephalometric assessment.

Binder syndrome or maxillonasal dysplasia was first described by Binder in 1962, and is a disorder characterised by nasomaxillary hypoplasia. The records of 33 patients who had been diagnosed clinically with Binder syndrome at the Royal Children's Hospital of Melbourne were examined. Of these 33 patients, 14 were selected because they met the incusion criteria: that they had not had prior surgical and/or orthodontic treatment, and that high-quality lateral cephalometric radiographs were available. The craniofacial morphology of these patients was determined on lateral cephalometric radiographs and compared with published age- and sex-matched norms. In agreement with published studies, the anteroposterior lengths of the anterior cranial base and maxilla were reduced, and the majority of patients had a Class III skeletal relationship. Although the lower incisors tended to be prominent, both overjet and overbite 'ell within the ranges for the normal population. Despite the fact that the orthodontic and surgical treatment for patients with Binder syndrome is normally carried out within specialised units, clinicians should be aware of the variety of ways in which this condition may present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[The semiconductor diode laser application in tympanoplasty].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the method, indications and initial results of semiconductor diode laser application in tympanoplasty. METHOD: The diode laser was used in 14 tympanoplasty procedures. The laser manipulation was mainly used in cases of malleus and incus bony fixation with the tympanum, the fibrous scar tissue around the ossicular chain and the malleus head resection. RESULT: There was no postoperative vertigo and facial paralysis. The average hearing improvement was 24 dB. Seven cases (50%) reached an air-bone gap within 20 dB. CONCLUSION: The application of diode laser in tympanoplasty could effectively reduce the manipulation trauma of ossicular chain and control the bleeding of operative field, especially in managing the bony adhesion of the ossicular chain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Anomaly of supraganglionic portion of facial nerve (author's transl)].

In a boy of 10 with primary cholesteatoma of the right ear the following anomaly of the facial nerve was demonstrated: The nerve enters the mastoid posteriorly to the labyrinth, in Trautmann's area, there it makes a right-angled turn forward and runs in a horizontal, slightly upward direction through mastoid and antrum, crossing the lateral canal, via the epitympanum in close relation to body of incus and head of malleus, in which it had moulded a groove. It leaves the epitympanum superiorly to the processus cochleariformis, and joins the geniculate ganglion; from there completely normal course in tympanic and mastoid portion of Fallopian canal. The nerve could be preserved. Its identity was confirmed by electric stimulation. There were no other anomalies. The embryologic, forensic and surgical aspects of this anomaly are discussed. Reference is made to the paper of Prentiss and Dean 1905, the only known observation that resembles this case in some aspects.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed2003

A histologic study on the temporal bone of guinea pigs.

OBJECTIVES: We examined histopathologic and anatomical features of the guinea pig temporal bone and evaluated the differences and similarities with respect to the human ear. STUDY DESIGN: Seventeen adult guinea pigs were deeply anesthetized with pentobarbital and then decapitated. Each temporal bone was removed and fixed in 10% formaldehyde for a week, then decalcified in 10% formic acid for three weeks. Paraffin-embedded specimens were serially and horizontally sectioned at 7-micron thickness. One of every five sections was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and studied under light microscopy. RESULTS: The temporal bone consisted of a mastoid-like process, a tympanic bulla, a tympanic ring, a petrosal segment, and a poorly developed squamosal bone. The tympanic bulla was a semispherical cavity surrounded by the tympanic ring. The head of the malleus and the body of the incus were fused, forming a malleoincudal complex. The diameters of the tympanic sulcus and the tympanic membrane were much greater than that of the tympanic ring, resulting in protrusion of the external ear-canal into the bulla. The Eustachian tube was J-shaped, lying in a bony hiatus at the anteromedial aspect of the bulla. The inner ear consisted of the cochlea, semicircular canals, and the vestibule. The cochlea made 3.5 turns and projected into the bulla. No internal auditory meatus was observed. CONCLUSION: The guinea pig temporal bone was found to have histological similarities to that of humans, making it a good model for selected experimental studies in otology.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Congenital atresia of the external auditory canal].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characters and treatments of congenital aural atresia. METHODS: From 1986 to 1996, 44 patients (50 ears) with congenital aural atresias were operated in the ENT Department of the PLA General Hospital. Postoperative audiological follow-up ranged from 6 months to 9 years. RESULTS: Ossicular chain anomalies were presented in all cases. This consisted most frequently of fusion (54%) or deficiency (36%) of the malleus and the incus with or without fusion to the tympanic wall. Facial nerve abnormalities were seen in 16 ears (32%). After the operation, hearing improvement was found in 33 ears (66%), in which 13 ears (26%) had hearing improvement (pure tone threshold) up to 40 dB. The postoperative complications were external auditory canal stenosis, lateralization of the tympanic membrane and recurrent infections of the cavity and canal skin, with incidences of 34%, 18% and 14%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Maintenance of width of the aural canal and prevention of lateral healing of the transplantated tympanic membrane were crucial in the treatment of congenital aural atresia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Revision stapedectomy for otosclerosis: report of 73 cases].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine causes and evaluate results of revision stapedectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective review of 73 revision stapedectomies. SETTING: Revision stapedectomies were performed in two tertiary otolaryngology departments (Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France, and Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium). METHODS: Patients characteristics, indications for revision, intraoperative findings, and hearing results were noted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hearing results were reported as recommended by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. We also reported hearing results with and without the use of a laser. RESULTS: Conductive hearing loss was the main indication for revision (78%). Mean intraoperative findings included prosthesis malfunction (50%), fibrous adhesions (32.8%), incus necrosis (8.5%), and otosclerotic regrowth (7%). When revision was performed because of cochleovestibular complication, middle ear exploration revealed three findings: oval window granuloma (30.7%), perilymphatic fistula (30.7%), and a too long prosthesis (23%). Postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) was closed to less than 10 dB in 51.5% of cases and to less than 20 dB in 68.7% of cases, with 9% of sensorineural hearing loss (not exceeding 15 dB in 80% of cases). The use of an argon laser in 14 patients (19%) showed slightly better hearing results (postoperative ABG < 10 dB in 61.5% of cases and < 20 dB in 77% of cases), but this difference was not statistically significant compared with patients operated on without the use of a laser. CONCLUSION: The results of this series are comparable with previously published studies. Revision stapes surgery is not as successful as primary stapedectomy, but good gap closure can be expected in two-thirds of cases with an experienced surgeon.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Computerised tomography in pre-operative imaging of middle ear cholesteatoma].

Computed tomography is today the best method of imaging to study chronic middle ear diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of CT scan in cases of middle ear cholesteatoma in children. The preoperative CT scans were compared with the operative findings in retrospective analysis of 60 ears operated between 1998-2001. Our results show good radiosurgical correlation in cholesteatoma for most middle ear structures except for the integrity of long process of incus. The disadvantage of CT scans is inability to distinguish between cholesteatoma, granulation tissue and effusion. CT scans are an important investigative tool prior to cholesteatoma surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Congenital ossicular anomalies.

BACKGROUND: Congenital ossicular anomalies include abnormalities of either one isolated ossicle or a combination of more than one. We report our patients with this condition and relate the findings to Cremers' classification. METHODS: Chart records of patients with congenital ossicular anomalies who received exploratory tympanotomies from 1993 to 2001 were collected. The pre-operative hearing assessment, operative findings, reconstructive types and post-operative hearing results were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Seventeen cases of ears that underwent exploratory tympanotomy were included in this study. The stapes was the most frequently involved ossicle. Six patients (35.3%) had isolated stapes anomalies, 8 (47%) had incus and stapes anomalies, and all of the remaining patients had anomalies in all 3 ossicles. According to Cremers' proposed classification, the distribution of our cases was as follows: 3 in Class 1, 6 in Class 2, 5 in Class 3, and 3 in Class 4. In 13 cases, the affected ears also underwent reconstructive procedures, including 6 stapedotomies, 6 ossiculoplasties, and 1 labyrinthotomy. The post-operative hearing improvement in air conduction was 28.7 dB. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with congenital ossicular anomalies often present with associated middle and inner ear abnormalities. Some patients could benefit from ossicular reconstruction. Cremers' classification is useful in categorizing the operative findings and the reconstruction. The status of the stapes may be a reference for other associated middle ear anomalies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The mechanics and function of the middle ear. Part 1: The ossicular chain and middle ear muscles].

The revelation of a sophisticated micro-mechanism within the ossicular chain--the gliding of the joints results in a characteristic change of the ossicular movement--extended our conception of the function of the ossicular chain. Contrary to our former ideas of the transmission of sound during hearing, the ossicles do not rotate around an axis, which runs through the center of mass of the malleus and anvil. The imaginary rotational axis is located outside the ossicles, resulting in a more piston-like vibration of the complete chain. The ossicular joints are rigid. This acoustic function of the ossicular chain must rigorously be separated from its behaviour at changes of static, ambient air pressure. The middle ear, working as a sensitive pressure receptor also reacts to these pressure changes with comparatively huge displacements of the drum membrane (visible in pneumatic otoscopy). Only now the malleus rotates around its axial ligaments. These movements cause a gliding motion in the malleus-incus joint, which results in a predominant up- and downward movement of the anvil; the incudo-stapedial joint glides, too, and the stapes (and the inner ear) are decoupled. This micro-mechanism explains several anatomical features of the middle ear construction, as there are the vertical alignment of the incudo-stapedial joint, the suspension of the anvil, the design of the malleus joint, etc. It also accounts for the peculiar anatomical arrangement of the middle ear muscles. Their function can be interpreted as preserving the intact cartilage of the ossicular joints.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Advantage of virtual endoscopy in the evaluation of the ossicular chain].

PURPOSE: Our study consists of a comparison of traditional computed tomography (CT) data sets with 2 views of virtual endoscopy in the preoperative evaluation of various diseases of the middle ear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 59 patients, all sent for conductive hearing loss with normal eardrum who underwent a complete CT examination: axial helical acquisition and coronal incremental acquisition: virtual endoscopy with selection of two reproducible views: an external one of the auditory canal and a lower one of the hypotympanum. Reading was performed by 2 independent radiologists. All patients were subsequently operated by the same surgeon. Results were compared with surgical reports. RESULT: Virtual endoscopy is valuable for the evaluation of ossicular and prosthesis dislocations, morphological anomalies of the malleus, incus, and stapes superstructure. Nevertheless, standard axial and coronal CT images remain necessary as confirmed by the poor results of virtual endoscopy in cases of attic obstruction, cholesteatomas and otospongiosis. CONCLUSION: Virtual endoscopy is a valuable technique of the evaluation of some ossicular chain pathologies but it cannot be used alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[The role of high-resolution CT in the preoperative assessment of chronic otitis media].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the high-resolution CT scan in depicting the middle ear structures. METHOD: The surgical findings of 51 ears operated on were retrospectively compared with the CT findings. The followings were analysed: diagnostic features of chronic otitis media (COM) on CT status of the middle ear structures (ossicles, facial nerve canal, semicircular canals and tegmen tympani), and anatomical variations. RESULT: The radio-surgical agreement was excellent for the malleus (kappa statistics, k = 0.840) and tegmen (0.788), good for the incus (0.700) and semicircular canals (0.56), but poor for the stapes (0.366) and facial nerve dehiscence (0.310). Potential surgical hazards detected by the scans included: Low lying dura, high jugular bulb, anterior lying sigmoid sinus, facial nerve dehiscence and other situations brought about by the destructive nature of the lesion. CONCLUSION: There is a good radio-surgical correlation in COM for most middle ear structures except for the integrity of the facial canal and stapes. The scan alerts the surgeon the potential surgical dangers and complications of disease. High-resolution CT scan should be a routine examination prior to middle ear and mastoid surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Computerized tomographic evaluation of traumatic ossicles disruption].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the importance of the high resolution computerized tomography of temporal bone in evaluation of traumatic lesions, particularly of the ossicular disruption. METHOD: Ten patients with traumatic ossicles dislocation underwent preoperative CT scanning followed by surgical exploration of the middle ear. RESULT: The radiographic finding was consistent with the operative demonstration for malleoincudal disarticulation (3 ears), incudostapedial dislocation (7 ears), and the fracture of temporal bone (8 ears). CONCLUSION: The incus was the most vulnerable ossicle in the trauma to the middle ear. CT scans can diagnose exactly the damage position in middle ear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A case of congenital bilateral stapes agenesis.

Congenital absence of the stapes and the oval window is an anomaly reported in only sporadic cases. We present a 17-year-old male patient with congenital bilateral conductive hearing loss. The external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane appeared normal on both sides. An exploratory tympanotomy in the right ear revealed dehiscence of the the horizontal segment of the facial nerve, which was displaced inferiorly, occupying the area of the absent oval window. The stapes was totally absent and a malformed long process of the incus was attached by a fibrous band to the promontory. Manipulation of the facial nerve in association with stapedectomy or vestibulotomy was avoided in order not to injure the nerve. Instead, amplification with hearing aids was recommended to the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Correlation of scanning and surgical findings in cholesteatoma].

Correlation between CT-scan and peroperative findings in 37 cases out of 71 cholesteatoma is investigated. This correlation is good for lesions localized in the attic and atrium, for those of the malleus and incus, and the lateral semicircular canal. The CT-scan confirms the diagnosis of cholesteatoma, delineates the spread and serves as a guideline for surgical treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Virtual otoscopy of middle ear structure and pathology].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of high-resolution CT data of the temporal bone for the virtual endoscopic (VE) visualization of the ossicular chain and the temporal bone. METHODS: Fifty patients with suspected lesions of middle ear underwent a high-resolution CT of the temporal bone with VE, seventeen patients were subsequently operated. CT examinations of the temporal bone were carried out using spiral equipment and endoscopic 3D processing was carried out on a separate workstation equipped with a flying through program. RESULTS: VE is valuable for the evaluation of ossicular dislocation, disruption and ossicular lysis, morphological anomalies of the malleus, incus, and stapes, as well as for evaluation of normal middle ear structures with high detail. The VE assessment in detecting ossicular disruption of chronic otitis media match the operation exploration perfectly (10 in 11 ears), whereas only 3 in 6 ears of cholesteatoma match the operation exploration. CONCLUSIONS: This image processing method can be used pre-operatively for the individual planning, simulation, and post-operatively for assessment of the position of implants.

Adolescent↗