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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Antisecretory agents in gastrointestinal obstruction.

Gastrointestinal obstruction is associated with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Antisecretory agents can relieve these symptoms, even in the absence of surgical or mechanical intervention. These medical management approaches are outlined, and recommendations are made.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2002

Is enteral administration of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) a palatable alternative to IV injection? Pre-clinical evaluation in normal rodents.

To establish effective methods of enteral 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) administration, the efficiency of FDG absorption in the gastrointestinal tracts following enteral administrations was evaluated using the FDG biodistribution in normal rodents, in combination with various fasting conditions and FDG diluents. The blood FDG curve using hypotonic solution showed a rapid increase, while that in iso- and hypertonic groups showed slow rises. Brain FDG uptake had a close positive correlation with blood AUC (area under curve) and an inverse relationship with the stomach contents.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Enteral Nutrition by Endoscopic Means; II. Complications and Management.

Despite the benefits and the widespread use of enteral and tube feeding (ETF) some patients experience complications, which can be divided in three categories: mechanical, e. g., tube blockage or removal; gastrointestinal, e. g., vomiting, diarrhea; and metabolic, e. g., re-feeding syndrome, hyperglycemia. The type and frequency of complications related to tube feeding varies considerably in accordance with the access to the intestinal tract (e. g., nasoenteric vs. percutaneous gastric vs. small bowel), the composition of the formula diet used, and the severity of the underlying disease. For example, tube-related complications have been reported to occur in 0-20 % and gastrointestinal complications in 8-65 % of patients during early postoperative feeding via a needle catheter jejunostomy (NCJ) using comparable techniques. The complication rate can be reduced by careful observance of guidelines on tube feeding including those related to food composition, administration rate, portion size, food temperature, and supervision of the patient. Gastrointestinal side effects (including diarrhea) are without doubt the most frequent.

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗
PubMed2006

Peritonitis after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy: where there is smoke, there may not be fire.

Extensive reviews have been published regarding complications arising from percutaneous enteral access and ways of managing them. However, few data are available regarding unnecessary clinical interventions resulting from misinterpretation of benign postprocedural findings. We present here three representative cases of negative surgical abdominal cavity explorations for presumed peritonitis after percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy and jejunostomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Early post-operative endoscopy of the operated intestine.

Endoscopy in the early post-operative stage after an intestinal operation is seldom indicated, in contrast to control endoscopy carried out at a later stage. Experiments with animals show that endoscopy of intestinal anastomoses may be performed as early as 24 hours after an operation, if carried out carefully by an experienced endoscopist. During this early post-operative period, endoscopy is indicated only when complications arise. The most important application is the endoscopic insertion of an intestinal tube in cases of post-operative ileus. However, coloscopic suction in meteorism of the colon, and the introduction of tubes through swollen anastomoses are also possible. Bleeding of an anastomosis in the early post-operative stage is rare, whereas bleeding due to teleangiectatic granulomas in the later post-operative stage is more common. Both cases are indications for endoscopic hemostasis. Nevertheless, it must be emphasized that intestinal endoscopy in the early post-operative stage should be carried out only in exceptional cases, and then only by an experienced surgical endoscopist.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Satiety signals from the gastrointestinal tract.

Experiments in rats with crossed intestines have shown that signals arising in a 30 cm segment of upper small intestine do not affect the short-term control of food intake. The combined stimulus of neural and hormonal signals arising in the crossed intestinal segment and of absorbed food do not inhibit intake during a subsequent meal. The relevant satiety signals must arise in either the stomach and upper duodenum or in the lower small intestine. A transplanted stomach study has shown that a hormone released from the stomach is responsible for the termination of a single meal. Other studies show that neural or hormonal signals coming from the lower small intestine are important in the regulation of total daily food intake and in the long-term regulation of body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Interventional endoscopy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review is an update of key issues in gastric interventional endoscopy. It focuses on the areas of patient preparation, endoscopic mucosal resection, gastroduodenal stenting, and endoscopic placement of enteric feeding tubes. RECENT FINDINGS: Clopidogel (Plavix), a newer antiplatelet agent, can increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore, in selected cases, it should be held for 7-10 days prior to interventional procedures. In experienced hands, endoscopic mucosal resection (success rate, 76-100%; complication rate, 4-28%) and gastroduodenal stenting (success rate, 81-92%; complication rate, 1-17%) seem to be safe and effective techniques. SUMMARY: The field of interventional endoscopy continues to advance and to conquer new frontiers. These advances create new problems that need to be addressed and studied by researchers, however. It is only through these types of reviews that our state of knowledge can be updated to help provide the latest information for clinicians in the field and to challenge researchers with future problems that need to be studied.

Procedural Sedation↗
PubMed1994

Protective action of diosmectite treatment on digestive disturbances induced by intestinal anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig.

METHODS: Colonic transit time, faecal moisture and intestinal permeability were assessed in guinea-pigs sensitized intraperitoneally with cow's milk and challenged with an oral administration of beta-lactoglobulin. One group of animals was treated for 1 week with diosmectite (500 mg.kg/day) and another with placebo. A control group was not sensitized but treated with diosmectite. RESULTS: In sensitized animals receiving placebo, challenge with beta-lactoglobulin induced a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in colonic transit time, and increases in faecal moisture and intestinal permeability. These changes were not observed in animals treated with diosmectite. CONCLUSION: Diosmectite pre-treatment protects against allergic digestive disturbances induced by antigen administration in guinea-pigs sensitized to cow's milk.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2006

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies: the burden of treatment from a patient perspective.

AIM: This paper reports a study of patients' experiences of this relatively new technology, and explores possible strategies for defining, delineating and addressing patients' concerns, problems and needs. BACKGROUND: The number of patients in the community relying on percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for their nutritional needs is increasing, but percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding is not problem-free. However, few studies report on its impact from a patient perspective. METHODS: Twenty adults with long-term percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies were interviewed in their own homes, using both semi-structured and structured approaches. Qualitative data were analysed thematically and related to a symptom checklist and an established quality of life measure, the Short Form-12. FINDINGS: Most participants felt that insertion of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy had been life-saving, but found that percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding came to dominate their lives and was associated with an appreciable "burden of treatment". Some, but not all, of the problems recounted were unavoidable: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding inevitably imposed physical restrictions on mobility; 17/20 participants had experienced serious technical problems with their percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes. On structured questioning, all interviewees had some, potentially treatable, gastrointestinal symptoms, and eight had continuous problems. In some cases, the burden of treatment was exaggerated by being unanticipated and, for 13 patients, difficulties with care provided by non-specialist services. Describing this "burden of treatment" for each patient required both a narrative and a structured approach: without the symptom checklists, some important and treatable problems were missed. Both physical and mental health Short Form-12 scores were low, and mental health scores were congruent with the interview data. CONCLUSIONS: It might be possible to reduce the "burden of treatment" identified by incorporating a structured approach to patient monitoring and by reviewing the occupational territories of specialist and non-specialist practitioners. Further research with larger numbers of participants is needed to explore the integration of narrative and quantitative data when determining patients' clinical needs.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Gastric evacuation for acute ethanol intoxication in a three year old.

A three year old girl presented in a deeply comatose state. She had drunk ethanol four hours previously and her blood ethanol concentration on arrival was 79.8 mmol/litre (3.69 g/litre). Because of her young age, high blood ethanol concentration, time since ingestion, and severe neurological depression on presentation, nasogastric aspiration of the stomach contents was performed and 4.2 g of ethanol were removed. She made an uneventful recovery.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

Responses and molecular heterogeneity of IR-GIP after intraduodenal glucose and fat.

The plasma responses and molecular heterogeneity of human immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP) after intraduodenal administration of equicaloric amounts of glucose (25 g) and fat (10 g) were determined with five different antisera. Two of these do not cross-react with 8 kdaltons (kDa) IR-GIP. In the fasting state plasma IR-GIP concentrations were highest measured with antisera, which detected both 5 and 8 kDa IR-GIP. The total integrated or incremental IR-GIP areas were similar after glucose and fat when determined with the same antiserum. When antisera with similar cross-reactivity with human 5 kDa IR-GIP were compared, no difference in incremental IR-GIP areas after either stimulus was found between antisera that did and did not measure 8 kDa IR-GIP. Gel filtration of plasma showed a consistent increase in 5 kDa IR-GIP 60 min after both glucose and fat but small and inconsistent changes in 8 kDa IR-GIP. Thus fat on a weight and molar basis is more potent than glucose in releasing IR-GIP. Both fat and glucose release predominantly the 5 kDa IR-GIP. Although of importance for the absolute IR-GIP level in plasma, 8 kDa IR-GIP contributes little to the increase in IR-GIP after both stimuli.

Adult↗