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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Prevalence of migraine and non-migrainous headache--head-HUNT, a large population-based study.

The objective of this study was to estimate the 1-year prevalence of the following categories of headache; migraine, non-migrainous headache, frequent headache (>6 days/month), and chronic headache (>14 days/month). Between 1995 and 1997, all 92,566 inhabitants 20 years and older in Nord-Trøndelag county in Norway were invited to a comprehensive health study. Out of 64,560 participants, a total of 51,383 subjects (80%) completed a headache questionnaire. The overall age-adjusted 1-year prevalence of headache was 38% (46% in women and 30% in men). The prevalence of migraine was 12% (16% in women and 8% in men), and for non-migrainous headache 26% (30% in women and 22% in men). For frequent headache (> 6 days per month) and for chronic headache (>14 days per month), the prevalence was 8% and 2%, respectively. Women had a higher prevalence than men in all age groups and for all headache categories. Prevalence peaked in the fourth decade of life for both men and women, except for 'frequent non-migrainous headache', which was nearly constant across all age groups in both genders. In accordance with findings in other western countries, we found that headache suffering, including migraine, was highly prevalent, especially in younger women.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Hunting genes in Parkinson's disease from the roots.

Parkinson's disease (PD), a common, neurodegenerative disorder, has a worldwide distribution. The genetic basis of PD is not well understood, although some recent leads have emerged. Epidemiological studies suggest that there is significant variation in the prevalence of PD between different populations and rates are highest in populations of European origin. Significant differences in molecular pathology in PD and control brain tissue have been observed between African, British and Indian populations. In view of this epidemiological and pathological evidence, it is proposed that allelic variations in genes that predispose to PD may account for the ethnic variation. Advances in our knowledge about the human genome will allow us to make detailed comparisons between affected and control subjects in different populations. This may help us to understand the reasons for the variation, and a better understanding of the genetic processes underlying the disease process.

Genetics, Population↗
PubMed1999

Cognitive dedifferentiation in eidetics and synaesthesia: hunting for the ghost once more.

Both synaesthesia and eidetics have a common characteristic of cognitive dedifferentiation. Synaesthesia (e.g. colour-hearing) entails the dedifferentiation of the sensory modalities, while eidetic imagery entails the dedifferentiation of imagery and perception. One can profitably gain by investigating both within the same study. Moreover, some of the same issues have arisen in these, hitherto, separate research literatures. This behoves a common framework for analysis and investigation. We applied a technique previously used for identifying child eidetikers, for screening the adult population, looking at both phenomena in the same sample. After screening, we selected a total of twenty-nine individuals for controlled testing of both phenomena and their variants (structural eidetic imagery, typographic eidetic imagery, colour-hearing synaesthesia, colour-mood synaesthesia). Our participants also completed a number of questionnaires of relevance (absorption, dissociation, and hallucination). We found that the personality trait of absorption underlies the commonality of experience tapped by both typographic and structural eidetic imagery. Furthermore, the latter phenomena were found to have a common pseudohallucinatory experiential base. For subjects scoring relatively high on the absorption scale, there is a negative correlation between structural eidetic imagery and colour-mood synaesthetic differentiation, replicating to a degree results reported earlier.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A mutant hunt for defects in membrane protein assembly yields mutations affecting the bacterial signal recognition particle and Sec machinery.

We describe an Escherichia coli genetic screen that yields mutations affecting two different cellular processes: disulfide bond formation and membrane protein assembly. The mutants defective in disulfide bond formation include additional classes of dsbA and dsbB mutations. The membrane protein assembly defective mutants contain a mutation in the secA operon and three mutations in the ffs gene, which encodes 4.5S RNA. These latter mutations are the only ones to be isolated in a gene encoding a component of the bacterial signal recognition particle by screening in vivo for defects in membrane protein insertion. A sensitive method for examining membrane protein localization shows that the ffs and secA locus mutations affect membrane assembly of the polytopic membrane protein, MalF. The ffs mutations also affect the membrane insertion of the FtsQ and the AcrB proteins. Although both the ffs and the secA locus mutations interfere with membrane protein assembly, only the latter also reduces export of a protein containing a cleavable signal sequence.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2002

Complete hemocyanin subunit sequences of the hunting spider Cupiennius salei: recent hemocyanin remodeling in entelegyne spiders.

Hemocyanins are large copper-containing respiratory proteins found in many arthropod species. Scorpions and orthognath spiders possess a highly conserved 4 x 6-mer hemocyanin that consists of at least seven distinct subunit types (termed a to g). However, many "modern" entelegyne spiders such as Cupiennius salei differ from the standard arachnid scheme and have 2 x 6-mer hemocyanins. Here we report the complete primary structure of the 2 x 6-mer hemocyanin of C. salei as deduced from cDNA sequencing, gel electrophoresis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption spectroscopy. Six distinct subunit types (1 through 6) and three additional allelic sequences were identified. Each 1 x 6-mer half-molecule most likely is composed of subunits 1-6, with subunit 1 linking the two hexamers via a disulfide bridge located in a C-terminal extension. The C. salei hemocyanin subunits all belong to the arachnid g-type, whereas the other six types (a-f) have been lost in evolution. The reconstruction of a complex hemocyanin from a single g-type subunit, which commenced about 190 million years ago and was completed about 90 million years ago, might be explained by physiological and behavioral changes that occurred during the evolution of the entelegyne spiders.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Hunting interactomes of a membrane protein: obtaining the largest set of voltage-dependent anion channel-interacting protein epitopes.

The identification of epitopes involved in protein-protein interactions is essential for understanding protein structure and function. Large scale efforts, although identifying the interactions, did not always yield these epitopes, could not confirm most of the known interactions, and seemed particularly unsuccessful for native intrinsic membrane proteins. We have developed a fluidics-based approach (non-steady-state kinetics) to obtain the broadest set of the epitopes interacting with a given target and applied it to a phage display methodology optimized for membrane proteins. Phages expressing a liver cDNA library were screened against a membrane protein (voltage-dependent anion channel) reconstituted into liposomes and captured on a chip surface. The controlled fluidics was obtained by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) device that combined the advantages of working with minute reaction volumes and non-equilibrium conditions. We demonstrated selective enrichment of binders and could even select for different binding affinities by fractionation of the selected outputs at various elution times. With voltage-dependent anion channel as bait (a mitochondrial channel critical for cellular metabolism and apoptosis) we found at least 40% of its already reported ligands and independently confirmed 55 novel functional interactions, some of which fully blocked the channel. This highly efficient approach is generally applicable for any protein and could be automated and scaled up even without the use of a SPR device. The epitopes directly identified by this method are useful not only for unraveling interactomes but also for drug design and therapeutics.

Bacteriophages↗