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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Safety of self-injection of gold and methotrexate.

OBJECTIVE: We review our experience with safety, efficacy, and practicality of self-administration of gold and methotrexate (MTX) in 40 patients. METHODS: Between 1992 and 1995, 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) followed in the drug monitoring clinics of the Mary Pack Arthritis Centre were taught to self-administer parenteral gold or MTX. Self-injection education was recommended to patients who were stable and improved taking parenteral gold or MTX, and who had not experienced serious side effects. Charts were reviewed to extract and analyze prospectively collected data regarding safety, efficacy, and compliance. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of patients performed self-injection and 35% received injections at home from a partner. Side effects in the self-injection patients are similar to those observed in clinic patients receiving drug by nurse administration. One MTX treated patient required treatment for interstitial pneumonitis, which developed after 22 weeks on self-injection. Side effects of self-injection included superficial irritation at the injection site in 2 patients and dosing error in 2 patients with no adverse effects. Seventy percent of gold and MTX treated patients continued self-injection after a mean of 34 months. Patients surveyed for satisfaction identified time saving and convenience as major benefits. CONCLUSION: With basic instruction and close supervision, self-injection of antirheumatic drugs is safe in selected patients. Self-injection reduces utilization of health care services, and is convenient and time and cost-saving to the patient.

Arthritis, Psoriatic↗
PubMed1996

Antimicrobial activities in vitro and in vivo of transition element complexes containing gold(I) and osmium(VI).

Metal compounds have been used as antibacterial agents for centuries. The in-vitro activity of two metal containing complexes, one gold, the other osmium, was investigated using a panel of clinically isolated bacteria and Candida albicans. Twenty strains of each organism were used and MIC and MBC values determined using the agar plate dilution method. Protein binding effects on the activity of the compounds were also investigated using media supplemented with 5% human blood. In-vivo activity of the two compounds was subsequently determined in a hairless-obese mouse skin-surface activity model. Both compounds were highly active against the Gram-positive organisms and Candida albicans in vitro. The gold compound had some Gram-negative activity but the osmium complex was inactive against these organisms. Both were extensively protein bound. In the in-vivo experiment the gold compound achieved a 2-3 log reduction for all the test organisms and was at least as good as or superior to mupirocin in its eradication rate. The osmium compound was inactive.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of gold in animal tissue by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Historically, compounds that contain gold have been used to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis in humans. However, understanding of the metabolic fate of gold in biological tissues has been limited by lack of sensitive quantitative methods of analysis. We addressed this problem by developing a graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA) spectrophotometric method to measure trace amounts of gold. This method was validated on small samples of beef liver, kidney, and bone. The samples were digested in micro-Kjeldahl flasks with a mixture of sulfuric, perchloric, and nitric acids; the residue was treated with aqua regia and extracted into methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK); levels of gold were then measured by GFAA. All the reagents were of an ultra-pure grade and were monitored for gold content. We established that the linear range of quantitation was from 1 to 2500 ppb. Multiple extractions with MIBK were not necessary to recover all the gold, and, in most cases, use of ultra-pure acids was not necessary. A scan of the extracts by inductively coupled argon plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry revealed no appreciable concentration of elements that would be most likely to interfere with the determination of gold. Average recoveries of gold ranged from 102 to 111%, and the overall coefficient of variation was 5.5%.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of gold(I) antiarthritic drugs and related compounds on Pseudomonas putida.

The effects of the antiarthritic drugs aurothiomalate (AuTm), aurothioglucose (AuTg), auranofin, its metabolite triethylphosphinegold(I)thioglucose (Et3PAuTg), and several related complexes on the growth of Pseudomonas putida were studied. Two strains were used, one of which (BK135) was more sensitive to Et3PAuTg (tolerant up to 4 microM) than the other (BK403; tolerant to at least 500 microM). Gold thiolate complexes and thiolate ligands alone had little effect on growth. Gold phosphine complexes increased the length of the lag phase of growth and reduced oxygen uptake. Marked changes in cellular morphology were determined by electron microscopy. Copper(II) compounds and aurothiomalate were synergistic in their growth inhibitory effects towards these bacteria. Experiments with 195Au suggested that a mechanism does not exist for the short term (minutes) uptake of gold by sensitive or resistant bacteria, but the resistant strain appeared to limit gold uptake over a longer term (hours).

Antirheumatic Agents↗
PubMed2006

Radical trapping by gold chlorides forming organogold intermediates.

Organogold compounds arising from the trapping of carbon-centered radicals by gold chlorides (AuCl, AuCl3, and HAuCl4) and colloidal gold have been characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. Laser flash photolysis has provided kinetic evidence of the occurrence of radical trapping in the microsecond time scale, while theoretical calculations give the energetics of the elementary steps. The trapping of carbon radicals by gold species observed here may explain why the presence of radical initiators enhance dramatically the activity of gold catalysts for some reactions occurring through radical intermediates.

Free Radicals↗