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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Silent upper genital tract chlamydial infection and disease in women.

To find what proportion of women with endocervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection had asymptomatic infection of the upper genital tract, 10 women with neither gonorrhoea nor signs, symptoms or a past history of pelvic inflammatory disease were laparoscoped. Swabs from the fimbriae and pouch of Douglas were tested for C. trachomatis by tissue culture, enzyme immunoassay, direct fluorescent antibody and polymerase chain reaction techniques. Four of the women had an upper genital tract chlamydial infection. Neither laparoscopic appearances, menstrual phase, interval since last intercourse, partner change nor other coincidental genital infection was associated with the upper genital tract spread. These findings suggest that careful investigation, immediate treatment and contact tracing are mandatory when asymptomatic endocervical chlamydial infection is discovered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The cellular immune system in female patients with or without genital warts: a study of peripheral white blood cell components.

The immune system plays a vital role in the fight against infections. The commonest viral infections treated in the genitourinary medicine (GUM) departments are genital warts. Knowledge about the status of the immune system in these patients may help in their clinical management. This study compares the values of various blood cell components in the peripheral blood of 2 groups of female patients--those with genital warts against those without genital warts. The mean monocyte count was lower among patients with genital warts.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Semen polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte elastase as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of genital tract inflammation--a review.

Elastase is a protease released by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) during the inflammatory process. Since 1987, seminal elastase-inhibitor complex (Ela/alpha1-PI) has been proposed as a marker of male silent genital tract inflammation. Measured by immunoassay in seminal plasma, Ela/alpha1-PI at a cut-off level of > or = 230 microg/l, is useful in the detection of genital tract inflammation. The prevalence of increased seminal Ela/alpha1-PI in infertile men is significantly higher than that observed in fertile men. The Ela/alpha1-PI level is positively correlated with other seminal fluid markers of male genital tract inflammation: reduced semen volume, citric acid, fructose, and increased albumin, complement component C3, caeruloplasmin, immunoglobulins IgG and IgA, and cytokines interleukins-8 and -6. A higher seminal Ela/alpha1-PI level is significantly associated with tubal damage in female partners. After antibiotic therapy, a decrease of Ela/alpha1-PI level is observed. The presence of tubal damage in the partner may negatively affect the response to antibiotic treatment. A higher seminal Ela/alpha1-PI is associated with lower percentage of sperm with single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and better fertilization rate in in vitro fertilization. Besides infertility, the determination of Ela/alpha1-PI is useful to confirm the presence of prostate and other male accessory gland bacterial inflammation. Screening for PMN Ela/alpha1-PI is easy to perform and reproducible and is a reliable quantitative test for diagnosis and prognosis of silent genital tract inflammation of couples. Moreover, sequential determinations allow the follow-up of inflammation during and after therapy.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1998

Genital manifestations of schistosomiasis mansoni in women: important but neglected.

Egg-induced lesions in the upper and the lower female reproductive tract are important complications of the infection with Schistosoma mansoni. The understanding of the pathophysiology and pathology of genital lesions is only rudimentary, simple and reliable diagnostic tools are not at hand, epidemiological data do not exist and how to treat best the women affected, is not known. In view of recent advances in the understanding of genital lesions induced by S. haematobium the existing literature is critically analyzed and possible consequences of female genital schistosomiasis are outlined. We estimate that 6 to 27% girls and women with intestinal schistosomiasis, at least temporarily, suffer from pathology induced by eggs sequestered somewhere in their genital organs. This is a matter of concern and warrants more research into the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and therapy of this disease entity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[External genital abnormalities in male schoolchildren: an epidemiological study].

INTRODUCTION: External genital abnormalities represent the most common congenital anomalies. Proper, not delayed diagnosis and treatment of certain abnormalities (undescended testis, hypospadia, varicocele) is of great importance for future fertility potential of children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An epidemiological study, that consisted of an urological checkup, was performed among school-aged boys in two elementary schools. Prevalence of external genital, and inguinal region was examined. RESULTS: A total of 1229 elementary school boys were examined. The incidence of external genital abnomalities was 27.8%. Certain anomalies were already surgically treated in 7.8% of boys. Phimosis wasfound in 66 patients (5,5%), which represents 26.6% of all abnomalities. DISCUSSION: In this study the incidence of undescended testis was 2.0%. Although it is similar to literature data, the fact that undescended testis was found in 25 boys older than 7 years (two of them 15 years old!) suggests that the primary health care is not satisfactory. The incidence of inguinal hernia and hydrocele varies according to different authors from 0.8-4.4% to 13.44%. In this study the incidence was 2.4%. Varicocele represents a developmental anomaly and the incidence is increasing with age. It is rare in boys up to 10 years of age, but the incidence of varicocele in boys aged 15 years (15.8%) reaches the level of incidence in adults (19.82%). The incidence of phimosis in this study was 5.5%. CONCLUSION: High incidence of external genital abnormalities in school aged boys suggests a need for further education of physicians in primary health care services as well as of parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Alpha-herpes virus infections--male genital herpes].

In Japan, male genital herpes is the third popular male STD, the most popular one being gonococcal infection and the second chlamydial infection. As specific clinical findings, superficial ulcer lesions with pain are formed in the genital area, especially in the prepuce. After HSV infection in genital mucocutaneous sites, viral particles are transported to the neurons. The state of subsequent HSV infection from external genitalia to the neurons is known as latent infection. 76% of our cases of the first episode of genital herpes infection were caused by HSV-2, and most of the recurrent episodes was caused by HSV-2. Oral acyclovir administration for five to ten days has shortened the treatment period, although about 20 days were required without any treatment. The remaining problems are, asymptomatic HSV shedding, severe infections in immunocompromised patients, transmission of HSV to sex partners and vertical infection to neonates.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Mycoplasma pulmonis genital disease: effect of rat strain on pregnancy outcome.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mycoplasma pulmonis is a natural pathogen of the respiratory and genital tracts of rats. Differential susceptibility and severity of the respiratory form of the disease, known as murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM), exist between rat strains. We now report that specific rat strains vary in susceptibility to genital tract infection and pregnancy outcome. METHODS: Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) female F344, LEW, Wistar (WIS) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were intravaginally inoculated with 3 x 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU) of M. pulmonis strain X1048 or sterile diluent, and allowed to breed at 10 days after inoculation. Pregnant dams and pups were necropsied within 24 hours of parturition. At necropsy, culture for M. pulmonis was performed on dam and pups, and adverse effects on pregnancy outcome were assessed by determination of the incidence of infertility, fetal resorption, stillbirths, changes in litter size, and pup birth weight. Blood from dams was collected prior to inoculation and at time of necropsy for measurement of IgM and IgG antibodies to M. pulmonis. RESULTS: At time of necropsy, WIS (50%) and SD (60%) dams had a higher frequency of M. pulmonis culture positivity in the genital tract than did LEW (22.2%) and F344 (17.6%) dams. Dams that were still infected with M. pulmonis at time of necropsy had various complications. The SD rats had the greatest degree of adverse effects on pregnancy outcome, which were: infertility, decreased litter size (P < or = 0.01), decreased pup birth weight (P < or = 0.01), increased frequency of resorptions, stillbirths (P < or = 0.05), and the highest rate of pup pulmonary infection (23.1%) (P < or = 0.001). Despite a 50% colonization rate, WIS dams were the least adversely affected. The WIS pups born from M. pulmonis. infected dams had slight decrease in birth weight, and only 6% had pulmonary infections. The LEW infected dams developed infertility and lower numbers of liveborn pups without evidence of vertical transmission. The F344 infected dams had lower numbers of liveborn pups that were smaller than their control counterparts, and none had pulmonary infections. None of the animals had detectable IgM and IgG antibodies to M. pulmonis before inoculation. At time of necropsy, all animals inoculated with M. pulmonis developed significantly (P < or = 0.001) higher amounts of M. pulmonis IgG and IgM antibodies, with SD rats developing the highest amounts (P < or = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Both F344 and LEW rats are more resistant to vaginal inoculation with M. pulmonis than are WIS and SD rats. However, only SD dams suffered severe adverse effects on pregnancy outcome. The SD dams also had the greatest IgM and IgG antibody response to M. pulmonis. Our studies clearly indicate differences among rat strains in their susceptibility to vaginal inoculation with M. pulmonis and in secondary complications associated with infection. This system may be a useful model for determining host-specific factors that influence the outcome of natural mycoplasmal infections of the genital tract.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Female genital tuberculosis revisted.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical presentation of genital tuberculosis and to study various modes of diagnosis and treatment. SETTING: The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi. METHOD: A retrospective case review of all index female cases of genital tuberculosis, admitted to AKUH over twelve years of period. RESULT: A total of 40 cases of genital tuberculosis were reported during this time period. Majority of cases were between 25-45 years. The commonest presenting symptoms were infertility (42.5%) and abdominal pain (42%). Others included fever, ascites, irregular vaginal bleeding, oligomenorrhea, chest pain and pain in the flanks. Main mode of treatment was antituberculous drug therapy for duration of nine months. Only 3 patients had successful pregnancies. CONCLUSION: Genital tuberculosis should be excluded when managing infertility in females.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2001

[Treatment of childhood genital malignancies].

OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical profile and the result of treatment in childhood genital malignancies. METHODS: Twenty seven childhood patients (< 12 years) with genital malignancies diagnosed and treated in Peking Union Medical College hospital were analyzed retrospectively focusing on the clinical characteristics and outcome of the treatment. RESULTS: Patients ranged in age from 2 to 12 years with mean 6.5 years at diagnosis. Of the 27 patients, 23 had ovarian malignancies including 21 (77.8%) germ cell tumor. Four of the patients had extragonadal tumors with 2 endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina, and 2 embryonic rhabdomysarcoma. In ovarian malignancies, abdominal mass and abdominal pain were main clinical features accounting for 77.8% and 74.1% respectively. In vaginal malignancies, vaginal bleeding and polypoid tumor of the vagina were important clinical manifestations. 91.3% (21/23) of the patients underwent only unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with preservation of contralateral ovary and the uterus. Childhood genital malignancies were very sensitive to the chemotherapy. Postoperative vincristine, actinomycine, cyclophosphamide (VAC) or cisplatine, vincristine, blyomycine (PVB) chemotherapy was individualized according to the tumor site, International Federation of Gynecology and obstetrics stage and histopathology. Survival rate in our series was 71.4% during the follow-up time (mean 47.4 months). CONCLUSIONS: Malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary is the most common tumor in the childhood genital malignancies. Principle of primary surgery is preservation of fertility and chemotherapy is also considered as a very important treatment modality.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Herpes simplex virus and malignancies of female genital organs].

INTRODUCTION: Primary herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections of female genital tract usually end with remission, while the virus remains in the organism--almost in the sacral ganglion in a latent form, protected from humoral and cellular immunity. Stress induces the virus and the result is recurrent genital infection. Frequent exacerbations damage some parts of vital cellular structures without cytolysis, but stimulate malignant transformations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Vulvar (portio vaginalis uteri) and endometrial tumor tissue samples were analyzed for HSV by direct and indirect fluorescent antibody technique (FAT). Pre and postoperative sera samples were analyzed for presence of anti-HSV antibodies--IgM and IgG by Elisa-Enzygnost method. Acellular filtrates obtained by ultrasonic destruction of malignant tissues were used as inoculum for rabbit corneal scarification. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Out of 63 tissue samples, 42 were positive for HSV antigen i.e. 67.3%. According to location 50% of vulvar, 76% PVU and 65% of endometrial tissues were positive. This antigen induces production of virus specific antibodies. Two types of antigens are known: the so-called T-antigen persisting in the cell nucleus and cell-surface antigen--product of the viral genome and can be evidenced by immunofluorescence method. Anti HSV antibodies were present in 63 preoperative serum samples and belonged to IgG group, but not one to IgM, implying a long and chronic course of infection excluding acute primary. Out of 38 postoperative serums the titer of antibodies decreased in 36 evidently, but in two samples remained unchanged. Two samples of endometrial and one from PVU origin contained HSV antigen type one. In the remaining 16 samples HSV 2 antigen was present. Rabbit corneal scarification was the proof of complete infectious virus in malignant tissues. Acellular filtrate of malignant tissues served as inoculum. Corneas of examined rabbits showed a mild inflammation after 24 hours which disappeared in the next 24 hours. We could not isolate the infectious virus by rabbit corneal scarification. Instead of herpetic changes, mild inflammation was evident. This abortive, incomplete symptomatology was probably caused by nonstructural early protein, which is a product of viral genome incorporated in malignant cells. CONCLUSION: On the basis of our results, we can conclude that HSV can have, beside other factors, a very important, maybe an initial role in development of malignant changes of female genital tract, not only on vulva and PVU, but on endometrium as well. HSV I can cause genital infections and have some role in malignant changes as well as HSV 2. However, complete infective virion couldn't be isolated from malignant tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of asymptomatic genital infection among pregnant women in Benin City, Nigeria.

The prevalence of asymptomatic genital infection among pregnant women and their susceptibility to antibacterial agents was investigated to provide baseline data on common asymptomatic genital microorganisms and identify potentials for development of clinical disease among this cohort of patients. High vaginal swabs were obtained from five hundred consecutive and consenting pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) and the Central Hospital, both in Benin City, Nigeria. A total of three hundred specimens showed significant microbial growth, giving a prevalence rate of 60% for asymptomatic genital infections. Candida albicans (65%), Staphylococcus aureus (51.8%) and Enterobacteriacae (E. coli and Klebsiella species) were predominantly isolated, followed by Trichomonas vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoea. Most of the bacterial isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cotrimoxazole, norfloxacin and augmentin. All the isolates except Streptococcus faecalis were resistant to ampicillin. These results show a high rate of asymptomatic genital tract infections among pregnant women in Benin City, which have implications for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Significance of neutrophil elastase in diagnosis of male genital tract infection].

Neutrophil Elastase(NE) is a kind of neutral proteinase. Its value in the diagnosis of male genital tract infection has attracted increasing attention in recent years. NE has special diagnostic value in screening the typical genital tract infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Trichomonas, as well as other kinds of genital infection, such as leukocytospermia and periorchitis. NE has been considered as a specific marker of the male genital tract infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗
PubMed2003

Human papillomavirus and HIV coinfection and the risk of neoplasias of the lower genital tract: a review of recent developments.

One of the risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and subsequent lower genital tract neoplasias and cancers is impaired cell-mediated immunity. HIV-positive women with severe immunosuppression are 5 times more likely than HIV-negative women to have lower genital tract neoplasias. A corresponding increase in the risk of invasive vulvar and anal cancers, but not of cervical cancer, has also been observed among HIV-positive women. Treatment failure and recurrence of neoplasia occur much more frequently among HIV-positive than among HIV-negative women. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the relation between HIV and HPV coinfection and the development of lower genital tract neoplasias and cancers in women. In addition, we present strategies for monitoring and treating noninvasive and invasive neoplasias of the lower genital tract in HIV-positive women.

Anus Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[The significance of haptoglobin in the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis of the female genital organs].

Study included 115 women with suspicion of genital tuberculosis. Combined clinical, X-ray and laboratory examination made it possible to classify patients into 3 groups: group 1 included 44 patients with active genital tuberculosis, group 2 32 women with clinically cured tuberculosis of internal genitalia and group 3 39 women with nonspecific genital diseases. The haptoglobin-tuberculin test was given to all patients. High haptoglobin parameters before or 72 h after tuberculin administration were found only in the group of patients with active genital tuberculosis. In groups 2 and 3 the haptoglobin level did not exceed normal values both before and after tuberculin administration in a dose of 50 TU. The informative value of serum haptoglobin parameters in patients with active tuberculosis of internal genitalia constituted 88.6%.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Incidence of cancer of the breast and the female genital system in the province of Zaragoza, 1975-1984].

BACKGROUND: Cancer of the breast and female genital organs represents 40% of the tumors found in women. Registers of cancer on a population base constitutes a basic source of information for measuring the incidence of these tumors in the population. METHODS: The magnitude of cancer of the breast and female genital organs was analyzed in the province of Zaragoza during the period 1975-1984 according to the different geographic areas in the province. The rate of incidence, accumulated incidence and the rate of incidence adjusted by age were calculated. The source of information used was the Register of Cancer of Zaragoza. RESULTS: The rate of incidence observed for these tumors was found to be 84 per 100,000 women/year with breast cancer representing 58% of the cases. The truncated rates were higher than the rates of incidence except for the localization of other genital organs indicating a greater frequency of these tumors at intermediate ages. In Zaragoza, the capital city, an excess of incidence was found for most of the localizations studied. This may be explained by the existence of greater frequency of these tumors in urban areas. In the capital this excess was not observed for unspecified cancer of the uterus. This may be due to the greater precision of diagnosis in the capital than in the rest of the province because of the availability of health care centers. CONCLUSIONS: In the province of Zaragoza, cancer of the breast is most frequent than cancer of any of the other female genital organs. The greatest frequency of these neoplasms was found at an intermediate age. In Zaragoza city, a greater frequency of cancer was registered than in the rest of the province. These results are of interest for the proposal of programs for prevention and control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in the male genital system].

OBJECTIVE: To probe into and improve the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in the male genital system. METHODS: Fifteen patients with the male genital system TB established by microbiological and pathological examinations were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The male genital system TB was diagnosed by history, physical examination, semen analysis, TB culture and biopsy. Treatment consisted of antituberculous chemotherapy for all the patients before and/or after operation, including 5 cases of epididymectomy and 6 cases of orchi-epididymectomy. CONCLUSION: The male genital system TB tends to be atypical and semen polymerase chain reaction of TB (TB-PCR) may provide a new specific means for diagnosis in case of clinical suspicion. Surgical approaches should be cautiously adopted, especially for young patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Schistosomiasis of the female genital tract].

OBJECTIVE: Female genital tract disorders as a possible complication of schistosomiasis. DESIGN: Literature review focused on pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) including diagnosis and therapy of the disease. SETTING: National Reference Laboratory for Tissue Helminthoses, Prague. METHODS: An analysis of literature data dealing with the health hazards due to bathing in natural freshwater bodies in tropics and subtropics. RESULTS: Intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis are occasionally detected in the Czech Republic, therefore, genital form of the disease in females cannot be excluded in gynecological practice. CONCLUSION: Until the present time the disease represents an uncommon finding in the routine gynecological practice in Europe and, due to a variety of symptoms which accompany FGS, the diagnosis of the disease can be delayed. As the number of immigrants from endemic countries as well as the number of travellers to these regions arises in the Czech Republic at present, the paper, therefore, summarises recent parasitological, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of female genital schistosomiasis.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Female genital tuberculosis in Tunisia. Apropos of 118 cases at the Rabta Neonatology and Maternity Center in Tunis (January 1984-December 1988)].

The authors have reviewed 118 cases of female genital tuberculosis collected over a 5 year period, from 1st January 1984 up until 31 December 1988, and have compared their results (study group, SG) with those of a similar study (reference group, RG) carried out in the same centre 2 years previously. The following points stand out: the incidence of the disease is stable (6.6 p. cent in the SG versus 5.6 p. cent in the RG); the profile of the woman with genital tuberculosis is that of a young woman of rural origin, generally unvaccinated; sterility is increasingly the predominant motive for consultation (81 p. cent in the SG versus 73 p. cent in the RG); the latent form of genital tuberculosis constitutes 96.4 p. cent of cases in their series versus 93.8 p. cent in the RG; the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis was confirmed histologically in 46 p. cent of cases versus 30 p. cent in the RG, and bacteriologically in 7 p. cent of cases versus 4 p. cent in the RG; medical treatment was initiated for the acute and evolutive forms (35 p. cent of cases). Surgical treatment was indicated for macro-lesional forms which were resistant to medical treatment.

Acute Disease↗