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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Postmortem radiology of fatal hemorrhage: measurements of cross-sectional areas of major blood vessels and volumes of aorta and spleen on MDCT and volumes of heart chambers on MRI.

OBJECTIVE: Autopsy determination of fatal hemorrhage as the cause of death is often a difficult diagnosis in forensic medicine. No quantitative system for accurately measuring the blood volume in a corpse has been developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article describes the measurement and evaluation of the cross-sectional areas of major blood vessels, of the diameter of the right pulmonary artery, of the volumes of thoracic aorta and spleen on MDCT, and of the volumes of heart chambers on MRI in 65 autopsy-verified cases of fatal hemorrhage or no fatal hemorrhage. RESULTS: Most cases with a cause of death of "fatal hemorrhage" had collapsed vessels. The finding of a collapsed superior vena cava, main pulmonary artery, or right pulmonary artery was 100% specific for fatal hemorrhage. The mean volumes of the thoracic aorta and of each of the heart chambers and the mean cross-sectional areas of all vessels except the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta were significantly smaller in fatal hemorrhage than in no fatal hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: For the quantitative differentiation of fatal hemorrhage from other causes of death, we propose a three-step algorithm with measurements of the diameter of the right pulmonary artery, the cross-sectional area of the main pulmonary artery, and the volume of the right atrium (specificity, 100%; sensitivity, 95%). However, this algorithm must be corroborated in a prospective study, which would eliminate the limitations of this study. Quantitative postmortem cross-sectional imaging might become a reliable objective method to assess the question of fatal hemorrhage in forensic medicine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

An overview of inflicted head injury in infants and young children, with a review of beta-amyloid precursor protein immunohistochemistry.

CONTEXT: Inflicted traumatic brain injury of infants and young children results in a complex array of autopsy findings. In many cases, immunostains for beta-amyloid precursor protein are used to detect axonal injury. Interpretation of the gross, microscopic, and immunostaining results requires the integration of the many facets of the individual case. OBJECTIVE: In this article we review the gross and microscopic findings associated with inflicted traumatic brain injury. The application and interpretation of beta-amyloid precursor protein immunostains are discussed and photomicrographs are used to illustrate immunostaining patterns. DATA SOURCES: The pertinent literature is integrated into a review of the subject. CONCLUSIONS: Inflicted traumatic brain injury often results in subdural, subarachnoid, retinal, and optic nerve sheath hemorrhage. These findings must be interpreted within the entire context of the case. Beta-amyloid precursor protein immunostains may be helpful in illustrating the traumatic nature of the injuries in some cases.

Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor↗
PubMed2005

The use of World War II chest radiograph in the identification of a missing-in-action U.S. Marine.

A World War II mass grave was recovered in 1999 by a U.S. Army team and yielded 20 complete skeletons. A case study involving the identification of one of these individuals is presented in this article. The thought processes and problems that presented themselves to the forensic anthropologist and odontologist are detailed. Methods used to establish identity are described. This case demonstrates how standard operating procedures used by a forensic anthropologist and odontologist can narrow the field of possible individuals associated with remains, and with extra information--in this case, a military radiograph taken in 1941--can ultimately establish the identity of a decedent. The authors learned that some medical records, which at first glance appear to be excess or irrelevant, may contain the item required to be certain that a case is strong in support of a recommended identification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Dentistry in ancient mesopotamia.

Sumer, an empire in ancient Mesopotamia (southern Iraq), is well known as the cradle of our modern civilization and the home of biblical Abraham. An analysis of skeletal remains from cemeteries at the ancient cities of Ur and Kish (circa 2000 B.C.), show a genetically homogeneous, diseased, and short-lived population. These ancient Mesopotamians suffered severe dental attrition (95 percent), periodontal disease (42 percent), and caries (2 percent). Many oral congenital and neoplastic lesions were noted. During this period, the "local dentists" knew only a few modern dental techniques. Skeletal (dental) evidence indicates that the population suffered from chronic malnutrition. Malnutrition was probably caused by famine, which is substantiated in historic cuneiform and biblical writings, geologic strata samples, and analysis of skeletal and forensic dental pathology. These people had modern dentition but relatively poor dental health. The population's lack of malocclusions, caries, and TMJ problems appear to be due to flat plane occlusion.

History of Dentistry↗
PubMed2001

[Legal and technical issues of formalin disposition in association with autopsy].

The Ministry of Public Welfare notified on the disposition of formalin, which was used in the histological examination in association with forensic or pathological autopsy. However, those who concerned on the issue had not known exactly how they dispose formalin. The news on the illegal disposition of formalin from our department drew attention to the legal disposition of formalin. These situations led us to investigate the legal and technical aspects of formalin disposition. We examined the legally-described methods such as oxidation, incineration and activated sludge processes and other methods such as formose, supercritical water oxidation, and wet oxidation processes. From legal point of view, we must process poisonous formaldehyde into non-poisonous products under the control of The Poisonous and Peleterious? Substances Control Law. Additionally, the products are under the control of The Sewage Water Law and Water Pollution Control Law, particularly in terms of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). After careful investigation, we tentatively conclude that incineration method is the best at present, though the supercritical oxidation and wet oxidation processes may be better in order to cope with the worldwide movement toward the control of environmental hormones and warm climate.

Autopsy↗
PubMed2002

The significance of autosomal C-band size polymorphism in male infertility.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the possible role of autosomal C-band size polymorphism in male infertility. METHODS: Two-hundred male patients with clinical diagnosis of infertility and 100 normal controls were included in the present investigation. All patients were assessed by Urologist Consultant at the Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kufa University, Kufa, Iraq, during a 2-year-period, October 1999 to October 2001. C-band evaluation was based on both quantitative and qualitative methods. Blood culture, chromosome harvesting, and C-band technique were carried out according to standard methods. RESULTS: 1. C-band quantitative study indicates a significant increase in the C- band size of chromosomes 9 and 16 among infertile groups as compared to normal fertile group (p<0.01). 2. C-band qualitative study indicates a significant increase in the C-band size (level 3) of chromosome number one among the infertile group as compared to normal fertile group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The present findings require further extensive study to shed light on the possible correlation between C-band polymorphism and male infertility.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in placental morphology of small for gestational age newborns].

OBJECTIVE: To verify changes in placental morphology of small for gestational age newborns, considering that the occurrence of placental alterations is more frequent in small for gestational age (SGA) infants than in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. METHODS: Fifty SGA newborns were included in a cross-sectional study, which involved gross anatomy and light microscopy of placenta, membranes and umbilical cord. An equal size sample of randomized AGA newborns was used. All children were born at Maternidade Terezinha de Jesus, Juiz de Fora-MG, between February and November, 1996. After an informed consent was given by the mothers, the newborns were weighted at birth with assessment of length and head circumference. Every child's placenta, membranes and umbilical cord were sent to the laboratory of histology and embryology of the Department of Morphology of Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora and Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. RESULTS: Placentas of SGA newborns differed significantly with greater incidence of chorioamnionitis, placental infarction, extensive perivillous fibrin deposition and multiple foci of parabasal chronic villitis. They were also lighter and had smaller diameters. Placentary index (placental weight/newborńs weight ratio) was also significantly greater, indicating that although both placenta and small for gestational age newborn presented low weight, placentas impairment was smaller. CONCLUSIONS: Placentas of small for gestational age newborns differed significantly if compared to those of adequate gestational age.

English Abstract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pulmonary thromboembolism--an autopsy study with clinico-pathologic correlations].

The study comprised 3.629 autopsies performed at the Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine of the M.M.A. in the period 1980-1990. Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) was found in 533 (14.68%) of autopsied cases, that is, 10.88% of all causes of death. In the studied period there is an increased frequency of all PTE, especially of those with fatal outcome (p < 0.05). Of the total number of PTE found at autopsy (533), clinical diagnosis was established in 136 (25.51%), and of all fatal PTE found at autopsy (395) the clinical diagnosis was established in 123 (31.14%) during life. The clinical diagnosis of PTE was confirmed by autopsy in 42.42% of cases. Operations and neoplasms are the most frequent conditions in which PTE is occurred while myocardial infarction is the most frequently misdiagnosed for PTE during establishment of clinical diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Peculiarities of the stab and cut wounds caused by blades of combat cold weapons].

Design philosophy of blades of Russia-made combat cold arms and of inflicted-by-them stab-and-cut wounds were characterized on the basis of a comparative-and-evaluation study. Stereomicroscopy, histology examinations as well as X-ray-spectral and fluorescence analyses were made use of while investigating the wounds with subsequent processing of the results by discriminative analysis. Form, skewness and a graze type of the wound tubber as well as presence of "edge cuts" and of central graze wound were found to be the main distinctive wound signs. The study results ensure a full-value differential diagnosis of a type of the used cold-arm sample.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The dependence of monoamine oxidase B activity in the different regions of human spinal cord on the time since death and age].

Dependence of the activity of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) in different human bone marrow (BM) sections on death-coming prescription (DCP) and on age was investigated. It was established that the activity of MAO-B in BM cervical intumescence is an objective DCP marker (within a time span of 12 hours). The enzymatic activity in the thoracic BM section provides for calculating the age of the deceased person.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dependence of age-related parameters of bone tissue microstructure on sex, height, and rib sizes in humans].

The statistical analysis data obtained through micro-osteometry of histological sections of the rib and shinbone was used to establish a lack of the relationship between the parameters of the osseous-tissue microstructure, on the one hand, and human sex and stature, on the other hand. Besides, it was also found that such parameters like the thickness of the compact bone and internal common plate, the number of osteocytes and trabecular thickness are significantly dependent on the rib thickness.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acetaldehyde and some biochemical parameters in alcoholic intoxications].

The need in comprehensive gas chromatography and biochemistry examinations is grounded for cadaver expertise in order to cope with issues related with alcoholic intoxication. Descriptions of 3 examination methods of biological fluids are elucidated, i.e. gas chromatography, electrophoresis and fixing of a degree of endogenous intoxication. The concentration of acetaldehyde in 3 body media (blood, urine and liquor) are analyzed in detail; the isoenzyme spectra of lactate-, alcohol- and aldehyde dehydrogenase as well as the contents of medium molecules in death of alcohol poisonings and due to mechanical trauma are also in the focus of attention.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Early morphological changes of the respiratory system after blunt multiple trauma].

Pronounced changes with a specific development sequence were detected on the basis of microscopy and morphometry examinations of peculiarities of structural changes in the respiratory system in death soon after mechanical trauma concomitant with head injuries. It was demonstrated the way the severity of histomorphologic changes occurring in the lungs influence the survival time of victims after trauma (time prescription).

Erythrocyte Aggregation↗