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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Embryonic dormancy phenomenon in obstructed healthy mouse fallopian tubes.

PURPOSE: A mouse model of unilateral oviductal obstruction was designed to study whether healthy oviducts can support embryo development in an advanced stage toward blastocyst hatching and implantation when the embryos in the contralateral side normally move into the uterine cavity. METHODS: The oviducts of 80 female ICR mice (aged 5-8 weeks) were ligated unilaterally 12-40 hr postcoitus. The ligated oviducts were isolated from day 4 to 19.5 postcoitus. Embryos within the ligated oviducts were then flushed out to record the developmental stage and compared with the conceptuses in the contralateral uterine horns with unligated oviducts. Embryos recovered from ligated oviducts were then cultured in vitro to observe their potential for further development. RESULTS: In 33 mice, 53.4% (163/305) and 86.1% (241/280) of the morphologically normal blastocysts had hatched from the zona pellucida within the obstructed tube and contralateral uterine horns, respectively, on the 5th day postcoitus. The data demonstrated that the hatching process could take place within the obstructed fallopian tube, but the timing was delayed. From 5.5 to 19.5 days postcoitus, a total of 362 implanted embryos were obtained in unligated control uterine horns, but none of the 404 embryos in the artificially obstructed oviducts were implanted. The embryos within the ligated tubes were dormant in the hatched blastocyst stage as demonstrated by their ability to continue growing (98.2%) when removed from the oviduct to an in vitro environment. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we demonstrate that mouse embryos can hatch, although delayed, in obstructed healthy oviducts. Tubal pregnancy is not likely to happen in artificially obstructed healthy mouse fallopian tubes, since all the viable embryos were dormant at the hatched blastocyst stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evidence for nitric oxide mediation of contractile activity in isolated strips of the human Fallopian tube.

Endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) induces relaxation in smooth muscle in various organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a NO-mediated relaxation system exists in the human Fallopian tube. To study contractility, the isthmic portion of the tube was obtained from 23 fertile women during operations due to benign non-tubal diseases. Tubal smooth muscle strips were mounted in tissue chambers containing HEPES buffer and connected to a Grass transducer for the isometric registration of contractile activity. By adding L-arginine (the substrate for NO synthesis) or N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; an inhibitor of NO synthesis) to the tissue chambers, changes in tubal contractility were monitored. The addition of L-NAME caused increased tubal contractility, while L-arginine, after an initial transient increase in tonus, caused relaxation of the strips. Using immunohistochemistry, NO synthase, the enzyme that catalyses the production of NO from L-arginine, was identified in tubal tissue cells. These results indicate that a NO-dependent relaxation system exists in the Fallopian tube and that NO may play a role as a mediator of tubal contractility.

Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1992

Malignant mixed Müllerian tumor of the fallopian tube: report of two cases and review of literature.

Malignant mixed Müllerian tumors are usually found in the endometrium, vagina, cervix, and ovary. It is extremely rare for this tumor to arise in the fallopian tube, and to date only 37 tubal cases have been reported. We recently experienced 2 such cases. The clinical features, pathologic findings, diagnosis, therapy, and outcome of these 39 cases were reviewed. The clinical features and diagnosis were similar to those of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube. Correct preoperative diagnosis was difficult. Histologically, 18 patients had homologous elements and 21 had heterologous elements in the sarcomatous components. The most common type of heterologous element was cartilage, followed by striated muscle and bone. The clinical stage (FIGO staging of ovarian carcinoma) was stage I in 15 cases, stage II in 11 cases, stage III in 8 cases, stage IV in 3 cases, and unknown in 2 cases. In all the patients except 1, the tumor was surgically removed. Postoperatively, radiotherapy was given to 9 patients, chemotherapy to 9 patients, and both to 2 patients. Sixteen patients died of the disease, after a mean period of 16.1 months. Of the 15 stage I patients, 10 survived more than 12 months. The most important prognostic factor was spread of the tumor at diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Angiotensin II receptors and angiotensin II stimulation of ciliary activity in human fallopian tube.

Using an antibody (6313/G2) directed against a specific sequence in the extracellular domain of the type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1), we demonstrated the presence of angiotensin II (AII) receptors in human fallopian tube. Immunoperoxidase staining for AT1 receptor showed positive staining in the epithelium of the tubal mucosa. The intensity of staining varied depending upon the hormonal status at the time of salpingectomy, being strongest in the proliferative phase of the ovarian cycle and weakest after menopause. Ligand binding assay confirmed that the AII receptor concentration was highest in the mucosa of fallopian tubes from premenopausal women. Mucosa from the ampullary segment had higher concentrations of AII receptor than the fimbrial and isthmic segments in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Displacement studies using specific AII receptor subtype antagonists showed that approximately 60% of the total activity could be displaced by CGP42112B (type 2 specific) and 40% by losartan (AT1 specific). Immunoblotting confirmed that the antibody detected a protein of approximately 60 kDa. Functional studies showed that AII had a stimulatory action on tubal ciliary beat frequency, but had no significant effect on myosalpingseal activity. This effect was achieved at nanomolar concentrations of AII; further increases in the AII concentration were without additional effect. The stimulatory effect of AII was inhibited by the specific AT1 antagonist losartan, whereas the type 2 antagonist, CGP42112B, had no effect. The data demonstrate that AII may play an important role in ovum transport and fertility.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1987

Neurotensin in the human fallopian tube: immunohistochemical localization and effects of synthetic neurotensin on motor activity in vitro.

With the use of different region-specific antisera and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique, neurotensin-immunoreactivity was found in nerve fibers of the human fallopian tube. Neurotensin-immunoreactive fibers occurred at blood vessels and in contact with smooth muscle cells of the muscular stratum. In vitro experiments with helical strips of the myometrium revealed dose-dependent excitatory actions of neurotensin on resting tension as well as on amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions. The results may suggest a neurotransmitter function of neurotensin in the regulation of human oviductal smooth muscle activity. Thus, neurotensin may be essential in the transport of the eggs through the fallopian tube.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Chlamydia trachomatis infection induces mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, providing an immunologic link between the fallopian tube and other mucosal tissues.

The development of a protective vaccine against the sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis may prevent complications associated with insidious infection. Vaccination via the vaginal route may not be practical, and other routes should be investigated. To this end, the adhesion molecules induced on the fallopian tube endothelium during infection with C. trachomatis were characterized. Adhesion molecules were identified in fallopian tube biopsy specimens cultured with 5 x 10(6) infection-forming units of C. trachomatis serovar E. Frozen sections were prepared from these tissues and were stained by immunohistochemical techniques. Infection with live, but not UV-inactivated, C. trachomatis induced a significant increase in levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 but not of other adhesion molecules. Therefore, infection with C. trachomatis induces adhesion molecules that are associated with other mucosal tissues and inflammatory sites, which suggests that mucosal routes of immunization may be effective.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

[Epithelium of the human fallopian tube under a scanning electron microscope].

The changes of the human fallopian tube epithelium in the different phases of the menstrual cycle, during tubal pregnancy and in the postmenopausal period have been studied by scanning electron microscopy. During sexual life, the most evident modifications occur in the nonciliated cells. After ovulation they show dome-shaped apices covered by secretory material which partly masks the microvilli.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The influence of copper on the in vitro motility of the human Fallopian tube.

Experiments were designed to examine whether one contraceptive action of the copper intrauterine contraceptive devices (Cu-IUD's) could be associated with an influence on the smooth muscle activity of the Fallopian tube. Sections of the isthmic portion of human oviducts were removed during operation. Preparations from the circular muscle layer were mounted for isometric recording of contractile activity. Subsequently, spontaneous rhythmic contractions appeared within one to five minutes after the preparation procedure was completed. Transmural nerve stimulation or addition of norepinephrine or prostaglandin F2alpha to the Tris buffer medium caused an increase in tone and frequency. Addition of CuCl2 caused a concentration-dependent increase in frequency and a concomitant decrease in amplitude. High concentrations of CuCl2 produced a marked initial increase in frequency, but the rhythmic activity was soon abolished. Metallic copper in the incubation medium caused the same qualitative effects on the smooth muscle preparation as CuCl2. Influences of copper on contractions of rat portal vein preparations were studied in the same way, and similar effects were found. The copper concentration of the secretion in the Fallopian tube was measured by atomic absorption in seven patients wearing CU-IUD's until operation. The levels found were of the same order of magnitude as the concentration of free copper ions which in vitro caused effects on the smooth muscle. It is concluded that copper can affect smooth muscle activity. An influence of copper on the motility of the human oviduct has to be considered as a possible factor contributing to the contraceptive action of the Cu-IUD.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of in-vitro falloposcopy with tubal histology in the diagnosis of fallopian tube pathology.

In order to assess the diagnostic quality of falloposcopy in relation to pathomorphology, a consecutive series of 30 Fallopian tubes obtained from surgical salpingectomy cases were prospectively examined by in-vitro falloposcopy and histology. Falloposcopy was performed using an over-the-wire catheterization system and a 0.5 mm falloposcope with 3000 pixels. Assessment of the specimens included the description of lumen geometry, intraluminal changes and status of the mucosal surface. Falloposcopy classified 14 tubes as normal and 16 pathological. Histology resulted in 17 normal versus 13 pathological tubes. Pathologies included lumen obstructions and dilatations, intraluminal synechiae and mucosal damage. Sensitivity and specificity of falloposcopy were calculated to be 0.85 and 0.71; positive and negative predictive values were 0.69 and 0.86. It was concluded that falloposcopic findings indeed reflect and successfully differentiate normal and pathological conditions allowing adequate and reproducible image interpretation. However, variations of the diagnostic accuracy with the type of pathology and the tubal segment have to be taken into account before clinical consequences are drawn from a falloposcopic investigation.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1986

Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube in an adolescent.

Only three cases of adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube in an adolescent have been reported previously in the literature, and we report the fourth such case. The main presenting symptom in those patients was lower abdominal pain. Type of therapy and outcome of these four cases is reviewed. The small number of patients precludes definitive conclusion on optimal therapy. For this reason, we urge continued reporting of cases to insure the formation of concrete therapeutic recommendations.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube. Experience with 41 patients.

Forty-one cases of primary fallopian tube carcinoma treated at our institution over the years 1946 to 1976 are described. The overall 5-year survival rate was 34.4%, although patients with early tumors had a 72.7% survival rate. The single most important factor affecting survival appeared to be the extent of disease at the time of diagnosis. Past and present treatment modalities are discussed, and proposals for management of this disease are outlined.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Pregnancy outcomes after fallopian tube recanalization: oil-based versus water-soluble contrast agents.

PURPOSE: To determine the pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing fallopian tube recanalization (FTR) with use of oil-based versus water-soluble contrast agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-three patients with unilateral or bilateral proximal tubal occlusion confirmed by hysterosalpingography or laparoscopy underwent FTR with use of water-soluble contrast material alone (n = 50) or also had an oil-based agent injected into each tube after recanalization (n = 43). Pregnancy rates and outcomes of the two groups were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: With respect to differences between groups, only the body mass index proved to be a significant predictor (oil, 28.4; water, 24.7; P =.008). Mean age, duration of infertility, type of infertility, and initial diagnosis were comparable. There was a weak trend toward a higher pregnancy rate in the oil-based contrast material group, but it was not significant (P =.64). The average time to pregnancy was 4.4 months with use of oil-based contrast material, compared to 7.7 months with use of only water-soluble contrast material (P =.03). CONCLUSION: The use of an oil-based agent had little effect on the rate of conception, but time to conception was reduced by more than 3 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Evidence of chlamydial infection in infertile women with and without fallopian tube obstruction.

This study investigates the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies in 164 infertile women who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and dye insufflation as part of routine infertility investigations. C. trachomatis antibodies were found in 36 (22%) of 164 infertile women, which was significantly more than the prevalence of antibodies in a control group (22 of 200, 11%). C. trachomatis antibodies were found in 25 (35.7%) of 70 infertile women who had laparoscopically verified peripheral tubal disease. This was significantly more than the prevalence of C. trachomatis antibodies in infertile women with normal fallopian tubes (6 of 52, 11.5%). The prevalence of C. trachomatis antibodies in infertile patients with laparoscopically verified cornual disease was similar to those without cornual disease. C. trachomatis was not isolated from any of the patients studied. This study confirms that past chlamydial salpingitis is associated with the development of peripheral fallopian tube obstruction with resultant infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Ultrasonographic appearance of fallopian tube carcinoma.

Preoperative diagnosis of tubal carcinoma is difficult and a diagnosis cannot usually be established until the time of operation. However, since prognosis is strictly related to the stage of the neoplasm, it is very important to be familiar with the clinical and imaging characteristics of primary fallopian tube carcinoma in order to make an early and accurate diagnosis. This report presents the ultrasonographic features of three cases of fallopian tube carcinoma and reviews the literature on the subject.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: report on two cases.

Two cases of carcinoma of the Fallopian tube were treated by total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy followed by chemotherapy consisting of several courses of a cisplatin, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide combination. One patient received three additional courses of combined cisplatin-taxol. At 60 months from onset of therapy one patient (Stage IIa-Grade 1 tumor) is alive and well, while the other (Stage III-Grade 3 tumor) died of disease 26 months from initial treatment. Second-look laparotomy proved useful in assessing response to chemotherapy. CA-125 blood levels helped monitoring tumor activity. Anamnestic data relevant to tuberculous salpingitis on one case, and bilateral salpingoplasty for tubal occlusion, in the other case, may stand for some remarks.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Primary fallopian tube adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the uterine cervix. A case report.

Fallopian tube adenocarcinoma (FTA) and uterine cervix adenocarcinoma (UCA) coexistence, in the absence of relevant lesion on the body of the uterus, is a rare condition. The question immediately arises as to whether the coexistence of these two tumors is incidental or metastatic for either. We present the case of an FTA patient whose diagnosis was made during the operation. A UCA was located deeply in the wall of the endocervix, while no disease was present in the endocervical mucosa. Histological examination, based on the morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics of both the tumors lead to the conclusion that the UCA was a metastatic lesion. A review of the international literature on the subject is made in the text.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Fallopian tube prolapse mimicking aggressive angiomyxoma.

A 68-year-old woman presented with a 4-cm polypoid bleeding mass protruding from the vaginal apex 30 years after vaginal hysterectomy. Laparotomy did not confirm the clinical suspicion of bowel prolapse and led to resection of the mass. Microscopic examination revealed a hypocellular edematous lesion with glandular areas resembling fallopian tube epithelium. Condensation of eosinophilic fibrils around medium sized vessels was marked. This case of fallopian tube prolapse shows an unusual resemblance of aggressive angiomyxoma and thus poses a diagnostic pitfall.

Aged↗