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PubMed1975

Anterior segment fluorescein angiography: a simple modification of the Zeiss stereo slit lamp camera.

The addition of a small metal housing containing a rechargeable flash to a Zeiss stereo slit lamp camera provides a simple, inexpensive method for obtaining excellent quality anterior segment fluorescein angiograms. By placing a splice in the slit illumination cord the fluorescein flash unit can be hooked up to be existing Zeiss power pack. The easy insertion of the proper excitation and barrier filters completes the temporary conversion. Utilizing this equipment, rapid sequence photographs of high resolution can be achieved. In addition, stereophotography, variable magnification, color photography and a simultaneous combination of fluorescein and infrared angiography for pigmented lesions are possible.

Anterior Chamber↗

PubMed2001

Differentiation between presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome and multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis based on morphology of photographed fundus lesions and fluorescein angiography.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether inactive cases of presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS) and multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis (MFC) can be differentiated from each other by their appearance on fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. METHODS: Two masked observers classified 50 patients' photographs (27 with fluorescein angiograms) as POHS, MFC, or "indeterminate." Twenty-five patients had known POHS and 25 had known MFC. Statistical analysis was performed to assess agreement and interrater reliability. RESULTS: Observer A classified 33 patients and was indeterminate on 17. Of the 33, he was correct on 26 (79% crude accuracy; kappa = 0.560; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.286-0.834). Observer B classified 40 patients and was indeterminate on 10. Of the 40, he was correct on 33 (82% crude accuracy; kappa = 0.650; 95% CI, 0.422-0.878). Both observers ventured a diagnosis on 28 common patients. Of these, they selected the same diagnosis on 26 (93% crude agreement). When the 2 observers' diagnoses were compared and indeterminate patients were factored in, the kappa value was 0.408 (95% CI, 0.215-0.601). When the indeterminate patients are excluded, the kappa agreement increased to 0.825 (95% CI, 0.592-1). When pictures only were available, observer A and observer B kappa values against the gold standard were 0.625 (95% CI, 0.270-0.980) and 0.588 (95% CI, 0.235-0.940), respectively. The pictures-only kappa values for observer A vs observer B were 0.582 (95% CI, 0.316-0.848) with indeterminate patients factored in and 1.0 (95% CI, 1.0-1.0) when indeterminate patients were excluded. Pictures and fluorescein angiogram kappa values were 0.493 (95% CI, 0.076-0.909) for observer A and 0.706 (95% CI, 0.413-0.999) for observer B against the gold standard. For observer A vs observer B, the kappa value was 0.261 (95% CI, -0.002 to 0.524) with indeterminate patients factored in and 0.567 (95% CI, 0.032-1) excluding indeterminate patients. Sensitivity for all cases for observer A was 60% (+/-13%) for POHS and 94% (+/-6%) for MFC. For observer B, the sensitivity for all cases was 70% (+/-10%) for POHS and 95% (+/-5%) for MFC. CONCLUSIONS: Given adequate funduscopic information, the experienced observer can often accurately distinguish between POHS and MFC without the need for ancillary testing. Angiography in addition to fundus photography does not appear to increase diagnostic ability. There appears to be a higher sensitivity for MFC than for POHS.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Hemorheological effects of sodium fluorescein in rats.

Sodium fluorescein is widely used in clinical practice for the study of the retinal circulation by angiography. It has been reported several hemorheological and microvascular abnormalities induced by this compound. The aim of this work was to analyse the hemorheological effects of intravenous sodium fluorescein in an animal model. Twenty male 10-16 weeks-old Wistar rats were used, under systemic anaesthesia. The animals were divided in 2 groups of 10 each: (1) intravenous injection of sodium fluorescein (14 mg/kg of body weight)--Group NaF, (2) controls (injection of NaCl 0.9%)--Group CTRL. A blood sample was drawn by aortic puncture after 60 minutes and hemorheological parameters determined: hematocrit, hemoglobin, metahemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte deformability, membrane fluidity and acetylcholinesterase activity. In the Group NaF there was a 20% reduction of the AChE activity (p<0.05) and an increase in PV (p<0.05). Concerning hemoglobin status, a three-fold increase in COHb (p<0.001) was shown. In conclusion, the NaF injection in the animal model produces hemorheological abnormalities similar to those reported in the human.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Fluorescein angiography and retinal venous sheathing in multiple sclerosis.

Venous sheathing found in 11% of a series of patients with multiple sclerosis was studied with routine color fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography. In the early phases of the disease, sheathing is seldom found. Its detection is facilitated by fluorescein angiography and ophthalmoscopy with a cobalt filter. Fluorescein leakage may disappear despite persistence of the sheathing.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Comparison of optic disc damages and fluorescein filling defect of the disc between low tension and primary open angle glaucoma].

The neuroretinal rim area (NRA), the cup area and the ratio of absolute fluorescein filling defect of the disc were measured in 23 cases of low tension glaucoma (LTG) and 25 cases of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) with fluorescein angiography and computerized image analysis. The results showed that the inferior and temporal quarters of NRA in eyes of LTG were significantly smaller than in eyes of POAG, while the ratio of absolute fluorescein filling defect of the disc in LTG was larger than in POAG, and the cup of LTG was larger than that of POAG, indicating that there might be different mechanisms of optic disc damages in the two types of glaucoma.

Anthropometry↗

PubMed1992

[Fluorescein angiographic observation of cellular changes in the retinal pigment epithelium after laser photocoagulation].

Lesions in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of 16 pigmented rabbits were produced by dye laser photocoagulation using with three different wavelengths: 514, 577 and 630 nm. The power setting and exposure time was the same throughout. The size of the coagulation spot was set either at 500 or 1,000 microns. The retinal lesions were examined by high resolution fluorescein angiography on day 2, 7 and 30 after photocoagulation. Scanning electron microscopic examination of RPE was also performed in selected cases. On fluorescein angiography, the damaged RPE cells appeared as negative fluorescent spots with intense fluorescent margins, throughout the period of observation. The size of the lesion also remained constant. There were no difference in the damage or recovery of RPE cells in relation to the 3 different laser wavelengths. In some area of lesion, the fluorescein angiographic findings closely matched those observed by scanning electron microscopy.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Methods of digital differential fluorescein study of the ocular drainage tract].

Intraocular fluid contrasting is achieved via subconjunctival injection of 0.1 ml of 1% sodium fluorescein solution then diffusing along the outflow tract through the anterior chamber. Then the area concerned of the drainage tracts is photographed by means of a slit lamp completed with a digital camera operating in the infrared photographing mode and with a system of special filters, which makes it possible to enhance the sensitivity of the system to the spectrum of fluorescein irradiation. A series of the images made before and at a certain temporal interval after administration of the contrast substance is analyzed by using the original computer program "Digital Differential Fluorescein Study of the Ocular Drainage Tract". The result of the analysis is the possibility of functional characterization of the intraocular fluid outflow tract in the area under study. The procedure yields a picture of the relative hydrodynamic activity of drainage collectors located in any perisuperficial structures of the eye.

Anterior Chamber↗

PubMed2005

[Grading of diabetic retinopathy from non-stereoscopic color fundus photographs--relationship to fluorescein angiography findings and three-year prognosis].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the grading of diabetic retinopathy from non-stereoscopic color fundus photographs, we examined the relation of the photos to fluorescein angiography findings and to the three-year prognosis. METHODS: Fifty diabetic patients(70 eyes) who had severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy or early proliferative retinopathy without photocoagulation treatment were graded regarding 11 items of four-field fundus photographs using a 50-degree mydriatic camera. Fluorescein angiography was performed and the relation of the images to the grades of diabetic retinopathy were analyzed. In 51 eyes, the relation between the grading and the progression and treatment of diabetic retinopathy were evaluated. RESULTS: The grading of microaneurysms and retinal hemorrhages (p < 0.001), soft exudates (p = 0.01), intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (p < 0.001), arteriolar white threads (p = 0.003), venous loops (p = 0.01), and new vessels (p < 0.001) was significantly related to the nonperfused areas on fluorescein angiograms. The grading of diabetic retinopathy was also significantly related to the threeyear prognosis. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the grading of diabetic retinopathy from fundus photographs may have a potential advantage over conventional classifications of diabetic retinopathy.

Color↗

PubMed1991

[Analysis of transport of fluorescein across the isolated retinal pigment epithelium-choroid using an ussing type chamber].

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid preparations from albino rabbits were sealed in an Ussing type chamber under stabilized conditions for 3 hours. The transepithelial potential was 1.2 +/- 0.08 mV and the transepithelial resistance was 175.2 +/- 9.1 omega.cm2 (mean +/- SE, n = 16). The transport of fluorescein across the isolated rabbit RPE-choroid was studied under short circuit condition and outward (vitreous----choroid) and inward (choroid----vitreous) permeability to fluorescein were determined. The outward permeability was 1.63 +/- 0.20 x 10(-5) cm/sec and inward permeability was 0.44 +/- 0.13 x 10(-5) cm/sec (mean +/- SE, n = 8). The former was 4 times greater than the latter (p less than 0.01). The outward permeability was decreased to 1.02 +/- 0.08 x 10(-5) cm/sec (n = 7), 0.75 +/- 0.11 x 10(-5) cm/sec (n = 5), 0.67 +/- 0.11 x 10(-5) cm/sec (n = 6) by 10(-6) M of ouabain, 10(-5) M of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 10(-4) M of probenecid, respectively. Low temperatures (0.5-1.0 degree C) markedly decreased the outward permeability to 0.05 +/- 0.04 x 10(-5) cm/sec (n = 4, mean +/- SE). These results suggest that active transport plays a role in the outward movement of fluorescein across the rabbit RPE-choroid.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

The role of fluorescein angiography in the interpretation of optic nerve head diseases.

In normal individuals fluorescein angiography of the optic nerve head has some peculiar signs. Three early phases can be distinguished, they include: 1) retrolaminar and laminar filling, 2) prelaminar filling, 3) superficial capillary filling. A late staining is also part of the fluorescein angiography of a normal disc. Many optic nerve disturbances show changes of the above mentioned angiographic signs. The Authors discuss the fluorescein angiographic pattern of 1) anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, 2) central retinal vein occlusion, 3) papilledema and 4) drusen.

Fluorescein Angiography↗

PubMed1985

Fluorescein angiography of soft contact lens induced vascularization in penetrating keratoplasty.

Soft contact lenses after penetrating keratoplasty have become more popular as improved materials with high water content and high oxygen permeability have become available. However, aphakic patients who have undergone penetrating keratoplasty seem to be at high risk for development of graft vascularization when extended wear soft lenses are used for optical correction. This report, to our knowledge, is the first to use corneal fluorescein angiography to study contact lens induced vascularization. Corneal fluorescein angiography, in two cases, showed that vascularization was often more extensive than clinically apparent. Further, these "new" vessels, in both cases, were shown to be "leaky." This great degree of leak contributed to graft edema in both and possibly, in one case, to graft rejection. These findings suggest that care in fitting and careful follow-up is necessary in any graft patient fit with an extended wear lens and that delicate or problem patients may be better aided with other forms of optical correction. Further, this report shows the value of corneal fluorescein angiography as a useful tool in the study of vascularization of the cornea from any cause.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[Manifestations of fluorescein angiography in choroidal melanoma].

This paper reported on the manifestations of fundus fluorescein angiography in 21 patients with choroidal melanoma. According to the findings of fluorescein angiography, we suggest that this disease can be classified into 3 types: type I shows hyperfluorescent mottles (12 cases); type II shows hyperfluorescent spots and patches, (4 cases); type III shows a dark area in the tumor body, (5 cases). The angiographic characteristics of the three types of melanoma and their histopathologic changes are discussed. The differential diagnosis of the three types of melanoma from metastatic choroidal carcinoma, senile macular degeneration with subretinal hemorrhage and choroidal hemangiomas is discussed. For the first time choroid melanoma has been classified into 3 types according to fluorescein angiography. It may contribute to the early diagnosis of this disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Mitogen-induced changes in the fluorescence polarization of fluorescein in normal human lymphocytes: a membrane event?

The fluorescence polarization of human lymphocytes undergoing fluorescein fluorochromasia was measured in a system in which antifluorescein IgG was used to quench the extracellular emission of fluorescein leaked from the cells. The polarization values obtained from control cells were similar to those obtained by other investigators, as was the decrease in polarization in response to exposure to phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A. However, the changes in polarization resulting from mitogen stimulation depended on the amount of antibody used, which suggests an increased or altered permeability of the plasma membrane to fluorescein efflux rather than a cytoplasmic reorganization.

Antibodies↗

PubMed1985

Correlation between fluorescein flowmetry, 133Xenon clearance and electromagnetic flow measurement: a study in the intestine of the pig.

The purpose of the present study was to compare fluorescein flowmetry as a technique for measuring changes in intestine blood flow with electromagnetic blood flowmetry and the 133Xenon clearance technique. In eight anaesthetized pigs the blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery was reduced to 20-75% of basal flow as defined by electromagnetic flowmetry. The change in blood flow as calculated by fluorescein flowmetry correlated well with that obtained by electromagnetic blood flowmetry (correlation coefficient 0.86) and 133Xenon clearance technique (correlation coefficient 0.94). These findings indicate that fluorescein flowmetry can be considered a quantitative method for measurements of a relative blood flow.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Fluorescence assessment of skin perfusion after oral fluorescein.

This study evaluated oral ingestion as the route of fluorescein administration for fluorescence assessment of skin perfusion. In 10 anesthetized rats, dorsal pedicle flaps were raised to produce graded perfusion; then fluorescein (7.5 mg/kg) was administered via an oropharyngeal tube. Quantification of skin fluorescence, performed with the fiberoptic fluorometer 45 minutes after dye ingestion, delineated a significant difference between the perfusion of flap regions that remained viable and those that subsequently became dystrophic (p less than 0.05). The precision was equivalent to that previously reported after intravenous dye. In addition, the gradual delivery of dye after oral administration permitted monitoring of slope of uptake and time to peak. Each of these pharmacokinetic parameters delineated a significant difference between viable and nonviable sections. As measures of relative change in fluorescence, they are independent of skin color and thickness. This feature suggests that the oral route actually may improve the accuracy and reliability of the fluorescein test.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1977

[Purification and standardization of commercial fluorescein-containing antiserums].

A method for the improvement of commercial antisera that consist of ammonium sulfate precipitated gamma-globulins labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate, is presented. By a simple desalting on Sephadex G25 followed by a DEAE-cellulose stepwise chromatography, it is easy to recover only the fluoresceinated immunoglobulins of optimal fluorescein/protein ratio. The aspecificities due to the other fluoresceinated (mainly albumin) and also to the hypo- and hyper-conjugated gamma-globulins are then avoided. Even if eventual defects as regards the intrinsic characteristics of the antisera are not modified by this process, the improvement obtained is stringent and particularly evident in the indirect immunofluorescent staining of tissue sections. In consideration of the excellent quantitative recovery, this simple procedure is recommended to people that use commercial reagents for studies that are beyond the qualitative limits of routine diagnostic immunofluorescent tests.

Fluoresceins↗

PubMed1987

Fluorescein iris angiography and anterior segment fluorophotometry in patients with Behçet's disease.

Fluorescein iris angiography and anterior segment fluorophotometry were performed in 63 eyes of 34 patients with Behçet's disease during its remission stage. Thirty normal eyes were studied as the control. A variety of leakage patterns comprising posterior chamber leakage and paravascular leakage were detected in 32 eyes with Behçet's disease by means of fluorescein iris angiography, while no leakage was detected in the control eyes. These leakage patterns were frequently seen in the posterior type uveitis group of Behçet's patients, but were scarce in the anterior type uveitis group. By anterior segment fluorophotometry, the levels of fluorescein concentration in the anterior chamber were significantly higher in the posterior type uveitis eyes of Behçet's patients than those in either the anterior type uveitis eyes or the controls (P less than 0.05-P less than 0.01). The results indicated that the damage to the vascular system still existed in the remission stage of the disease, and that this abnormality occurred more markedly in the posterior type group than in the anterior type group of Behçet's disease eyes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Visual field defects, cup-disc ratio and fluorescein angiography in glaucomatous optic atrophy.

Fluorescein angiography was carried out in 150 glaucoma subjects. Among them 94 subjects were selected to evaluate the correlation between functional loss and the findings of fluorescein angiography in the optic disc. The intensity of fluorescence was assessed in the superficial reticular capillaries and radial epipapillary capillaries. Functional loss was estimated by the visual field defects and cup-disc ratio. A marked decrease in the capillaries was seen in accordance with the increase in the cup-disc ratio. Also, the intensity of fluorescence in the optic disc paralleled the change in the visual field: the greater the deterioration in the visual field, the fewer the capillaries in the optic nerve head and vice versa. The fluorograms of 94 subjects were placed in one out of six groups, i.e. (1) normal, (2) arcuate scotoma, (3) superior or inferior nasal defects, (4) superior or inferior defects, (5) central residue or (6) temporal residue. The common factors correlating the fluorescein angiography in the glaucomatous optic disc with visual field loss were explored in 94 subjects, and it was possible to predict the visual field change from the capillary distribution in the glaucomatous optic disc.

Fluorescein Angiography↗