Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Ethylamines”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Preparation and properties of a lysozyme derivative in which two domains are cross-linked intramolecularly between Trp62 and Asp101.

A lysozyme derivative in which two domains were cross-linked intramolecularly was newly prepared by means of a two-step reaction. First, the beta-carboxyl group of Asp101 in lysozyme was selectively modified with 2-(2-pyridyldithio)ethylamine in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride. After reduction of the pyridyldithio moiety of Asp101 modified lysozyme at pH 4.5 with dithiothreitol, the derivative was allowed to cross-link intramolecularly by reaction with 1,3-dichloroacetone at pH 7. Intramolecularly cross-linked lysozyme thus formed was purified by gel chromatography followed by ion-exchange chromatography. Based on the results of 1H-NMR and peptide analyses, it was concluded that Asp101 was cross-linked to Trp62 with a -CH2COCH2SCH2CH2NH-bridge in this derivative. The derivative showed minor but distinct activity against Micrococcus lysodeikticus and glycol chitin. Its melting temperature for thermal denaturation was higher by 7.3 degrees than that of native lysozyme at pH 3.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Biosynthesis and urinary excretion of methyl sulfonium derivatives of the sulfur mustard analog, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, and other thioethers.

Thioether methyltransferase was previously shown to catalyze the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation of dimethyl selenide, dimethyl telluride, and various thioethers to produce the corresponding methyl onium ions. In this paper we show that the following thioethers are also substrates for this enzyme in vitro: 2-hydroxyethyl ethyl sulfide, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, thiodiglycol, t-butyl sulfide, and isopropyl sulfide. To demonstrate thioether methylation in vivo, mice were injected with [methyl-3H]methionine plus different thioethers, and extracts of lungs, livers, kidneys, and urine were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for the presence of [3H]methyl sulfonium ions. The following thioethers were tested, and all were found to be methylated in vivo: dimethyl sulfide, diethyl sulfide, methyl n-propyl sulfide, tetrahydrothiophene, 2-(methylthio)ethylamine, 2-hydroxyethyl ethyl sulfide, and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide. This supports our hypothesis that the physiological role of thioether methyltransferase is to methylate seleno-, telluro-, and thioethers to more water-soluble onium ions suitable for urinary excretion. Conversion of the mustard gas analog, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, to the methyl sulfonium derivative represents a newly discovered mechanism for biochemical detoxification of sulfur mustards, as this conversion blocks formation of the reactive episulfonium ion that is the ultimate alkylating agent for this class of compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Sigma (sigma1) receptor mediated anti-depressant-like effects of neurosteroids in the Porsolt forced swim test.

This study examined the effects of neurosteroids dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and pregnenolone sulfate (PS) and progesterone on the Porsolt forced swim test of depression in mice, and investigated the possible involvement of delta receptors. The immobility time in the mouse forced swimming test was significantly reduced by DHEAS (5 and 20 mg/kg, s.c.) and PS (5 mg/kg) without accompanying changes in the ambulatory or open-field activity. Pretreatment with DHEAS (10 mg/kg) or PS (10 and 20 mg/kg), however, failed to modify the immobility. The relief of behavioral despair in the immobility test by DHEAS (5 and 20 mg/kg) was dose-dependently blocked by preadministration of NE-100 (N,N-dipropyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl-ethylamine monohydrochloride; 0.5 and 1 mg/kg), a putative delta1 receptor antagonist, or progesterone (10 mg/kg), a delta receptor antagonistic neurosteroid. On the other hand, PS (5 mg/kg)-induced decrease in the immobility was significantly blocked by NE-100(0.5 mg/kg), but not by progesterone (10 mg/kg). Neither NE-100 nor progesterone influenced the immobility alone. These data suggest a role for central delta receptor in the antidepressant-like effects of neurosteroids, and reinforced their potential therapeutic use in depression.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Neuroprotective effects of sigma-1 receptor agonists against beta-amyloid-induced toxicity.

Prolonged exposure of cultured cortical neurons to the residue 25-35 fragment of beta-amyloid protein, in the presence of dizocilpine, an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, and of 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, an antagonist of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptors, resulted in the expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax and neuronal death. Beta-amyloid protein(25-35)-induced neuronal death was substantially attenuated by the sigma1 receptor agonist 2-(4-morpholinethyl)1-phenylcyclohexanecarboxylate. The neuroprotective action of 2-(4-morpholinethyl)1-phenylcyclohexanecarboxylate was mimicked by the sigma1 ligand methyl (1S,2R)-2-[1-adamantyl(methyl)amino]methyl-1-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylate and was antagonized by the sigma1 receptor antagonist N,N-dipropyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)-phenyl]-ethylamine monohydrochloride. These results suggest that sigma1 receptor agonists might function as neuroprotectant agents in Alzheimer's disease.

Amyloid beta-Peptides↗
PubMed1991

Evidence for a role of volatile amines in the development of neonatal hypergastrinemia.

We investigated the presence of volatile aliphatic amines by fluorescamine and gas chromatographic-head space analysis in human breast milk and amniotic fluid to assess their role in neonatal hypergastrinemia. These volatile nitrogenous amino acid metabolites have been previously demonstrated to stimulate gastrin release in in vivo and in vitro laboratory preparations. In the present study we demonstrated that these gastrin-stimulatory volatile amines were present in significant concentrations in breast milk during the first several weeks after parturition and in amniotic fluid. The individual amines that were identified in both human milk and amniotic fluid samples were methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, trimethylamine, propylamine, isobutylamine, and butylamine. This study provides indirect evidence to support the possibility that the hypergastrinemia measured in the fetus/neonate during the period immediately before and after birth may be attributable, in part, to the ingestion of fluid containing high concentrations of gastrin-stimulating amines.

Amines↗
PubMed1995

Characterization and function of histamine receptors in corpus cavernosum.

Widespread clinical use of H2 antagonists for peptic ulcer disease has been associated with reports of impotence. Histamine is a vasoactive amine which is endogenously produced in many organs including the penis. To date, 3 histamine receptor subtypes (H1, H2 and H3) have been identified. However, the role and function of histamine in the corpus cavernosal physiology are poorly understood. This study evaluates the in vitro functional characteristics of the 3 histamine receptor subtypes in the isolated corpus cavernosal strips from New Zealand White rabbits. The isometric responses to histamine and specific histamine receptor subtype agonists were assessed, following cyclooxygenase (indomethacin, 10(-5) M.), adrenergic (guanethidine, 5 x 10(-6) M.) and cholinergic (atropine, 5 x 10(-6) M.) blockade, at resting tension and after submaximal precontraction with norepinephrine (NE, 2 x 10(-5) M.). Histamine (10(-8) M. to 10(-3) M.) produced concentration-dependent contraction from basal and precontracted states and did not relax precontracted tissue. The H1 agonist, 2-(2-thiazolyl)ethylamine (10(-8) M. to 10(-3) M.), produced a contractile response from both basal and precontracted states, while the corporal tissue did not respond to either dimaprit, an H2 agonist (10(-8) M. to 10(-5) M.) or R(-)-alpha-methyl-histamine, an H3 agonist (10(-8) M. to 10(-5) M.). The response to histamine was progressively attenuated by an H1 antagonist (mepyramine; 10(-8) M. to 10(-5) M.), while neither an H2 antagonist (cimetidine; 10(-4)M.) nor an H3 antagonist (thioperamide; 10(-4)M.) had any inhibitory effects. H1 antagonism enhanced relaxation induced by electrical field stimulation (neurally mediated). Such relaxation increased after preincubation with 10(-6) M. or greater of mepyramine (p < 0.05). This study suggests that the principal histamine receptor subtype that mediates smooth muscle cell contraction in the corpus cavernosum is the H1 subtype. Since histamine H1 receptor antagonism increased NANC neurally mediated corporal relaxation, it possesses potential as an intracavernosal pharmacotherapeutic agent for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This study, therefore, strongly indicates that H2 receptor antagonists are unlikely to have direct effects on penile erection.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2000

Central anticholinergic syndrome from orphenadrine in a 3 year old.

Orphenadrine (N,N-dimethyl-2(o-methyl-alpha-phenylbenzyloxy)ethylamine) is an analog of diphenhydramine with central and peripheral anticholinergic properties. It is commonly prescribed both as a muscle relaxant and as an adjunct to antipsychotic medications to prevent parkinsonism. We report a case of orphenadrine poisoning in a 3-year-old boy following ingestion of no more than two 100-mg tablets. Central anticholinergic toxicity was prominent, manifested by hallucinations and severe agitation. Orphenadrine can cause profound toxicity in children after ingestion of small doses, and should be considered as a potential cause for acute delirium in childhood.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2002

Oleiphilaceae fam. nov., to include Oleiphilus messinensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium that obligately utilizes hydrocarbons.

A bacterial isolate, ME102T, was obtained from an n-hexadecane enrichment culture of seawater/sediment samples collected in the harbour of Messina (Italy). This gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium used a narrow spectrum of organic compounds, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkanoates and alkanoles, as carbon and energy sources. None of the sugars, organic acids or amino acids tested was used. During cultivation on n-alkanes as the sole source of carbon and energy, the cells formed a biofilm on the surface of the alkane droplets. Large-scale (sometimes >50% of the cell mass) intracellular accumulation of alkanoates occurred in cells adsorbed on the alkane surface and under nitrogen-limiting conditions. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that this isolate represents a distinct lineage in the gamma-Proteobacteria and has about 91% sequence identity to members of Marinobacter and Alcanivorax, the closest genera. Four different types of polar lipid could be detected, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethylamine, phosphatidyl dimethylethylamine and lipids belonging to an unknown type of phospholipid (m/z between 861 and 879). The principal fatty acids in the polar lipid fatty acid profile were 16:0 and 16:1. The putative gene encoding the key enzyme of alkane catabolism, alkane hydroxylase (AlkB), has been cloned. The protein sequence of the putative AlkB of the isolate ME102T was related to the AlkB of Pseudomonas oleovorans and Alcanivorax borkumensis, showing about 60% sequence identity. On the basis of physiological studies and taking into account the distant phylogenetic position of isolate ME102T relative to previously described organisms, a novel genus and species is proposed, Oleiphilus messinensis gen. nov., sp. nov., within a new family, Oleiphilaceae fam. nov. Strain ME102T (= DSM 13489T = LMG 20357T) is the type and only strain of O. messinensis.

Alkanes↗
PubMed2004

Systematics of the anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast genus Trichosporon Behrend with the description of five novel species: Trichosporon vadense, T. smithiae, T. dehoogii, T. scarabaeorum and T. gamsii.

Phylogenetic trees of the anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast genus Trichosporon Behrend, based on molecular sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region and the D1/D2 region of the large subunit of ribosomal (26S) DNA, are presented. This study includes three novel species from soils, Trichosporon vadense sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 8901(T)), Trichosporon smithiae sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 8370(T)) and Trichosporon gamsii sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 8245(T)), one novel species from an insect, Trichosporon scarabaeorum sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 5601(T)) and one species of unknown origin, Trichosporon dehoogii sp. nov. (type strain, CBS 8686(T)). The phylogenetic positions and physiological characteristics that distinguish the new taxa from related species, based partly on growth tests that are not traditionally used in yeast taxonomy (uric acid, ethylamine, L-4-hydroxyproline, tyramine and L-phenylalanine as sources of carbon and nitrogen, and polygalacturonate, quinate, 4-ethylphenol, phloroglucinol, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate and orcinol as sole carbon sources), are discussed. Assimilation of L-rhamnose and erythritol and maximum growth temperature were also used to delineate species.

Carbon↗
PubMed1979

Modification of Herbicide Binding to Photosystem II in Two Biotypes of Senecio vulgaris L.

THE PRESENT STUDY COMPARES THE BINDING AND INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF TWO PHOTOSYSTEM II INHIBITORS: 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron [DCMU]) and 2-chloro-4-(ethylamine)-6-(isopropyl amine)-S-triazene (atrazine). Chloroplasts isolated from naturally occurring triazine-susceptible and triazine-resistant biotypes of common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) showed the following characteristics. (a) Diuron strongly inhibited photosynthetic electron transport from H(2)O to 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol in both biotypes. Strong inhibition by atrazine was observed only with the susceptible chloroplasts. (b) Hill plots of electron transport inhibition data indicate a noncooperative binding of one inhibitor molecule at the site of action for both diuron and atrazine. (c) Susceptible chloroplasts show a strong diuron and atrazine binding ((14)C-radiolabel assays) with binding constants (K) of 1.4 x 10(-8) molar and 4 x 10(-8) molar, respectively. In the resistant chloroplasts the diuron binding was slightly decreased (K = 5 x 10(-8) molar), whereas no specific atrazine binding was detected. (d) In susceptible chloroplasts, competitive binding between radioactively labeled diuron and non-labeled atrazine was observed. This competition was absent in the resistant chloroplasts.We conclude that triazine resistance of both intact plants and isolated chloroplasts of Senecio vulgaris L. is based upon a minor modification of the protein in the photosystem II complex which is responsible for herbicide binding. This change results in a specific loss of atrazine (triazine)-binding capacity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1981

Uptake and Concentration of Alkylamines by a Marine Diatom: EFFECTS OF H AND K AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TRANSPORT AND ACCUMULATION OF WEAK BASES.

Methylamine, ethylamine, and dimethylamine (10 micromolar) are taken up and concentrated 600 to 6,000-fold by Cyclotella cryptica. Methylamine is concentrated most strongly, and its accumulation and retention are relatively insensitive to external pH but strongly inhibited by 30 millimolar external K(+). Accumulation and retention of ethyl- and dimethylamine, on the other hand, are strongly affected by external pH and less sensitive to external [K(+)]. Intracellular pH, as estimated from neutral red staining and quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence, was between 4 and 5, with the central vacuole being the major acidic compartment. The accumulation of ethyl- and dimethylamine could result from diffusion of the uncharged amine across the membrane(s) and passive equilibration of the charged form (R-NH(3) (+)) inside and outside the cell. Differences in the accumulation ratio and the ion dependence for methylamine uptake relative to ethyl- and dimethylamine uptake suggests that a different mechanism is responsible for the concentration of the simpler amine.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Two rhodamine derivatives: 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis-(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethylxanthylium chloride monohydrate and 3,6-diamino-9-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)-phenyl]xanthylium chloride trihydrate.

The title compounds, C28H31N2O3(+)-Cl(-)-H2O (common name rhodamine-6g), (I), and C21H17N2O3(+)-Cl(-)-3H2O (common name rhodamine-123), (II), both have planar xanthene skeletons with a formal +1 charge on the amino N atoms delocalized through the pi-electron system so that the N-Csp(2) bond distances indicate significant double-bond character. The substituted planar phenyl groups make angles of 63.29 (8) and 87.96 (11) degrees with the xanthene planes in (I) and (II), respectively. In both molecules, the carbonyl bond vectors point toward the xanthene rings. The ethylamine groups in (I) are oriented similarly with their CH2-CH3 bond vectors pointing nearly perpendicular to the xanthene plane. The chloride ions and water molecules are disordered in both structures. In (I), the chloride ion and water molecule are disordered between two sites. One water and chloride alternately occupy the same site with occupancy factors of 0.5. The other 0.5-chloride and 0.5-water occupy two distinct positions separated by 0.747 (8) A. In (II), the chloride ion is disordered between three sites and one of the waters is disordered about two other sites. Both crystal structures are stabilized by hydrogen bonds involving the chloride ions, amino groups and water molecules, as well as by pi-pi stacking between xanthene planes.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMed2004

Chloro(histamine)(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II) chloride monohydrate.

In the cationic complex present in the title compound, chloro[2-(4-imidazolyl-kappaN(1))ethylamine-kappaN](1,10-phenanthroline-kappa(2)N,N')copper(II) chloride monohydrate, [CuCl(C(5)H(9)N(3))(C(12)H(8)N(2))]Cl.H(2)O, the metal centre adopts a five-coordinate geometry, ligated by the two phenanthroline N atoms, two amine N atoms of the histamine ligand (one aliphatic and one from the imidazole ring) and a chloro ligand. The geometry around the Cu atom is a distorted compressed trigonal bipyramid, with one phenanthroline N and one imidazole N atom in the axial positions, and the other phenanthroline N atom, the histamine amine N atom and the chloro ligand in the equatorial positions. The structure includes an uncoordinated water molecule, and a Cl(-) ion to complete the charge. The water molecule is hydrogen bonded to both Cl(-) ions (coordinated and uncoordinated), and exhibits a close Cu.H contact in the equatorial plane of the bipyramid.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed2006

Ropinirole hydrochloride, a dopamine agonist.

Ropinirole hydrochloride, or diethyl[2-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-4-yl)ethyl]ammonium chloride, C16H25N2O+.Cl-, belongs to a class of new non-ergoline dopamine agonists which bind specifically to D2-like receptors with a selectivity similar to that of dopamine (D3 > D2 > D4). The N atom in the ethylamine side chain is protonated and there is a hydrogen bond between it and the Cl- ion. In the crystal structure, two cations and two anions form inversion-related cyclic dimers via N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMed1998

Mephentermine hemisulfate monohydrate: an adrenergic agent.

The title molecule, a hydrated hemisulfate salt of ethyl(2-methyl-1-phenyl-2-propyl)ammonium, C11H18N+.0.5SO4(2-).H2O, consists of a phenethylamine skeleton in which the N atom is protonated. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit, with the S atom of the SO4(2-) ion lying on a pseudo-twofold axis. The ethylamine side chain is in an extended conformation in both the symmetry-independent molecules. The distance of the N atom from the centre of the benzene ring is 5.1 A for molecule 1 and 5.3 A for molecule 2. The packing is stabilized by N-H...O and O-H...O hydrogen bonds.

Adrenergic Agents↗
PubMed1998

A tetrahedral zinc(II) complex of tris(2-pyridylethyl)amine.

The zinc ion in the title complex, [N,N'-bis(2-pyridylethyl)-2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine-kappa 4N]zinc(II) diperchlorate, [Zn(C21H24N4)](ClO4)2, displays a distorted tetrahedral configuration. The Zn-Npy distances range from 1.979 (5) to 1.999 (5) A, while the Zn-Namine distance is 2.028 (5) A. The Npy-Zn-Npy and Npy-Zn-Namine angles range from 111.9 (2) to 119.6 (2) degrees and from 102.3 (2) to 103.4 (2) degrees, respectively. This behavior contrasts with the five-coordinate geometry normally observed in tripodal ligands of similar structure, and can be ascribed to the presence of weakly-coordinating anions and the ligand-metal chelate-ring size.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMed2002

Ferrocene-1,1'-dicarboxylic acid as a building block in supramolecular chemistry: supramolecular structures in one, two and three dimensions.

The supramolecular structures have been determined for nine adducts formed between organic diamines and ferrocene-1,1'-dicarboxylic acid. In the salt-like 1:1 adduct (1) formed with methylamine, the supramolecular structure is one-dimensional, whereas in the 1:1 adducts formed with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, (2), and 4,4'-bipyridyl, (4), and in the hydrated 2:1 adduct (3) formed with morpholine, the hard hydrogen bonds form one-dimensional structures, which are expanded to two dimensions by soft C-H...O hydrogen bonds. The hard hydrogen bonds generate two-dimensional structures in the 2:1 adduct (5) formed with octylamine, where the ferrocene component lies across a centre of inversion, in the 1:1 adduct (6) formed with piperidine and in the tetrahydrofuran-solvated 1:1 adduct (7) formed with di(cyclohexyl)amine. In the 2:3 adduct (8) formed by tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine, and in the 2:1 adduct (9) formed with 2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine (tyramine), where Z' = 1.5 in space group P-1, the hard hydrogen bonds generate three-dimensional structures. No H transfer from O to N occurs in (4) and only partial transfer of H occurs in (2); in (1), (6) and (7), one H is transferred to N from each acid molecule, and in (3), (5), (8) and (9), two H are transferred from each acid molecule.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Inducement of respiratory mucosal immunogenicity for nasal vaccine due to amine- and amide-inactivation of parainfluenza virus type 1, Sendai.

The protective effects in mice by nasal vaccination of amine- and amide-inactivated Sendai viruses were investigated by a contact exposure experiment, immunofluorescent examination of the entire respiratory tract, and checking the serum HI antibody development. Of 10 monoamines, ethanolamine and 2-methoxyethylamine vaccines induced complete protection, and methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, n-butylamine, 2-ethoxyethylamine, diethylamine and triethylamine vaccines brought about almost complete protection or lower respiratory infection. The methoxyamine-treated mouse conferred the least protection. Of 5 diamines, 1,3-diaminopropane vaccine inhibited completely the infection, but hydrazine, ethylenediamine, putrescine, and cadaverine vaccines produced regional infection. Two polyamines, spermine and spermidine, did not inactivate the virus. Of 4 amides, only semicarbazide vaccine conferred complete mucosal defense, while acetamide, propionamide, and isonicotinic acid hydrazide vaccines lead to regional infection. Serum HI titers developed by vaccination were low on the whole, following their slight rise, fall or maintenance postexposure. In effect, the 4 vaccines inactivated by a best-suited interstrand cross-link between phosphate groups in helix of viral RNA brought about the strongest protection, and showed the necessity of a definite length of molecules for inactivants.

Administration, Intranasal↗