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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Surgery of concussion foci in the cerebral hemispheres].

On the basis of observations in 144 patients operated on because of severe cerebral concussions, the importance of primary and secondary removal of the concussion focus is stressed. The diagnosis is made by means of EEG, angiography, and echo encephalography. Examinations of the concussion region with clearance etc. showed that the immediate vicinity of the cerebral lesion exhibits a considerably reduced blood flow which, due to the stimulus of the concussion, will further decrease within the following days. After six days, the blood supply stabilises in the zone of the oscillating reaction. The enlargement of the zone of necrosis intensifies the intracranial increase in pressure and can only be avoided by the removal of the concussion. Resection is carried out subpial in order to isolate the cerebral tissue from the dura mater. Lethality: With solitary concussion foci 22%, in case of combination with intracranial haematoma 60%, with multiple foci 67%, total 46%.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

[Epidermoid cysts of the cerebellopontile angle. 6 cases].

6 cases of cerebello-pontine angle (CPA) epidermoid cysts were encountered from 1970 up to 1983. This series accounts for 3,3% of 177 CPA tumours operated on during the same period. Epidermoid cysts result from heterotopia of ectoblastic tissue and CPA is their most frequent site of development. The wall of the cyst is composed of a stratified squamous epithelium. The inside of the cyst is filled with soft waxy material resulting from the desquamation of keratin of the cyst wall. Macroscopically, the cyst is extensive and usually closely attached to the brain stem, cranial nerves and vessels. The commonest clinical picture is that of a trigeminal neuralgia usually typical of tic douloureux. Plain x-ray films of the skull disclose no abnormalities. Air encephalography was performed in an early case: it showed an obliteration of the cerebello pontine cistern by the cyst mass, with no air injection of the tumor as mentioned elsewhere. Computerized tomography made other procedures obsolete in our 4 latest cases: it showed a non-enhancing low-density mass filling the CPA. Hypodensity characteristics can make differentiation from dermoïd and arachnoid cysts. In a patient, auditory evoked response were lengthened bilaterally and suggested a brain stem compression rather than a cochlear nerve involvement. Operative treatment was performed in all of our 6 patients through a suboccipital craniotomy with the aid of the operative microscope. The aim of surgery should be, whenever possible, total removal of the capsule. A partial section of the fifth nerve is not needed. No patient died postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Diffuse infiltrating astrocytoma (gliomatosis cerebri) with twenty-two-year history.

The case is described of a man, aged 46 at his time of death, who suffered from focal motor, adversive and generalised seizures for 22 years. He developed a progressive dementia over the last 2 years of his life. Investigation, including angiography and air encephalography early in the course of the illness and repeated CT head scans later, failed to demonstrate any neoplasm. Death occurred abruptly, due to cerebellar tonsillar herniation. At postmortem an extensive diffuse low grade fibrillary astrocytoma infiltrated both cerebral hemispheres, the corpus callosum, central grey matter, midbrain and pons. Thus, there was gliomatosis cerebri. Attention is drawn to the exceptional length of the history in this case, the difficulties which may arise in displaying diffusely infiltrating low grade astrocytomas radiologically and to the rare occurrence of gliomatosis cerebri.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Corticotrophic adenomas with melanoderma (Nelson's syndrome). Two cases clinical and laboratory studies before and after spontaneous intercurrent necrosis (author's transl)].

Two cases of Nelson's syndrome (macroscopic cortico-melanotropic pituitary adenoma developing after bilateral total adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease) are reported. The unusual feature was spontaneous necrosis of the adenoma, as indicated by the rapid disappearance of melanoderma, the normalisation or decrease in plasma ACTH level, retraction in the diaphragm of the sella at air encephalography and autopsy findings in one case.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Comparative evaluation of modern intraoperative diagnostic methods in malignant gliomas of the brain].

The following methods were employed: Intravital staining with bromphenol blue (70 patients), radiometry with P 32 (127 patients), echo encephalography (12 patients,) puncture biopsy (18 patients), rheometry (96 patients). Bromphenol blue is injected into the a. cerebri media or the supraclinoidal a. carotis interna and stains the periphery of malignant tumours and the entire tissue of benign tumours. Radiometry also serves for the intraoperative finding of tumour remainders which must be located at least 20 to 22 mm below the cortex of the brain. Tumour biopsy was carried out with a sharp cannula to avoid deformation of the tissue cylinder. Rheometry proved to be very useful when avoiding the mixing with blood, liquor, and cyst fluid at the measuring tip.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical picture and diagnosis of subdural hematomas in children].

Thirty-six children, aged from 5 months to 14 years, with subdural haemorrhages are discussed. In 31 the hemorrhages were of a traumatic character, in 5 their origin was unknown. The authors draw the conclusion that the course of subdural hematomas in children is marked by peculiarities which often make the clinical diagnosis difficult. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, echo-encephalography, and angiography helped in all these cases to identify the character of the process and its localization properly. All children underwent operation with a satisfactory outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Incidence of electroencephalographic findings in children with stuttering compared to healthy children of the same age].

Results obtained in a single encephalography examination of 79 stuttering and 143 healthy children, both 7 to 10 years old, were compared. While the difference in the frequency between the two groups with respect to focal findings without peak potentials and a focal and generalised tendency to attacks could not be substantiated, 29.1 per cent of all children in the group of stutterers showed a background activity that was too slow for their age. This finding is interpreted as an expression of delayed development which, because of a psychic compensation capacity not corresponding to the age of the test person, offers a favourable basic condition for the development of stuttering. The danger of a misinterpretation of electroencephalographic findings obtained from specific study groups without comparison with a normal population is pointed out.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1983

Progressive multifocal leuco-encephalopathy.

Progressive multifocal leuco-encephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating viral infection of the central nervous system, usually fatal and characterized by widespread lesions mainly in the cerebral hemisphere. PML is a disease of adult life, usually occurring in a setting of chronic neoplastic disease and less often non-neoplastic granulomatous disease. The disorder usually evolves rapidly. Of all laboratory investigations electro-encephalography is the most useful for indicating the severity of pathological involvement. PML is believed to result from infection with papovaviruses, an SV40-like agent and a JC virus. Both viruses are oncogenic in hamsters. There is no effective therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Single photon emission tomography of the pituitary: preliminary communication.

A specific application of single photon emission tomography to the relative quantitation of the pituitary region is described together with the results obtained in 19 patients with pituitary adenoma proven by air encephalography. These are compared with those obtained by X-ray computer tomography and conventional brain imaging and a superiority of single photon emission tomography is demonstrated in this small series.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical features of pituitary chromophobe adenomas in school-age children].

The work is based on 20 cases of hypophyseal chromophobe adenoma in children of school age. The incidence of hypophyseal chromophobe adenomas grows with age. In distinction from adults, the disease in children follows a more rapid course and usually begins with visual disorders and less frequently with endocrine and metabolic disorders. The visual disorders are mostly manifested by disturbances in the field of vision and diminished visual acuity. Among the auxiliary diagnostic methods, the most informative are X-ray of the sella turcica region and pneumocisterno-encephalography.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1982

The clinical presentation of intracranial abscesses.

A retrospective case note survey of 67 surgically proven cases of intracranial abscess formation has been carried out. Males predominated, especially in the third decade. Only 15 per cent had a predisposing condition such as cyanotic heart disease though the majority had some evidence of a systemic infection or fever. A peripheral leucocytosis and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were also more frequently encountered than in a comparable group of cases of cerebral tumour. Despite these pointers to an infective process the correct diagnosis was commonly not considered on admission. Headache, vomiting, drowsiness and focal symptoms sometimes accompanied by focal or generalized seizures remain the classical features in the history, with papilloedema and focal signs commonly found in a drowsy ill-looking patient. Many individuals failed to show all these features however. The progressive nature of the clinical picture should itself be enough to prompt urgent referral for investigation, electro-encephalography, nuclear scanning and CT scanning all being reliable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Certain possibilities for ultrasonic methods in the evaluation of the status of the venous component of cerebral hemodynamics (clinico-experimental study)].

Results of clinical and experimental studies of the venous cerebral circulation using a set of non-invasive and economic ultrasonic methods (echo-encephalography, echo-pulsography, dopplerography and combined ultrasonic scanning of the neck) are presented. The studies were carried out both on humans and animals. As a total, 15 animals and 69 humans with signs of venous dyscirculation were examined. Data allowing one to judge about the side and degree of the disturbances of the venous cerebral hemodynamics were obtained.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pneumoencephalographic findings in progressive supranuclear paralysis].

The Authors describe the result of air encephalography in 5 cases of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (P.S.P.). In all cases signs of cortical cerebral atrophy were found (with a marked dilatation of the lateral ventricles in two patients). Equally constant were signs of atrophy in the brain stem and cerebellum with involvement of the vermis (in its superior part in four cases and diffused in one case). In three patients there was also subcortical cerebellar atrophy. Among the alterations observed the slight cerebral cortical atrophy does not seem to be due to the pathological process peculiar to P.S.P., but rather to other processes such as senility, vascular alterations etc. Atrophy involving the brainstem and the cerebellum was of interest being a constant finding easily correlated with symptoms and with the site of P.S.P. process. These findings, though without specificity, offer useful data and help to assess the evolution of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Value of brain sonography in newborns and children (author's transl)].

Intracranial changes of newborns and young children can easily be discovered by modern sonography, especially as long as fontanelles are still open. Sonography of brain first should be done before computed tomography, encephalography and/or ventriculography are performed. Correspondence of most sonographic findings and computed tomography by other authors, is supporting reduction of CT-investigations in favour of sonography. We cannot agree with the idea that computed tomography should be the most important first investigation. Technical reasons as thick skull or closed fontanelles are making sonography impossible and computer tomography should be used. Special examples out of about 1100 Sonograms of skulls of children are demonstrating, that sonography of newborns and children is the method, which is cheap, without risk, less time consuming, and without any radiation stress.

Arnold-Chiari Malformation↗
PubMed1978

[Septo-optic dysplasia with antidiuretic hormone deficiency and central adrenocortical insufficiency. Three cases report in infants (author's transl)].

Three cases of septo-optic dysplasia are related in infants. A neurogenic diabetes insipidus and an central adrenocortical insufficiency is proved. An growth hormone deficiency is founded in one case. The other anterior pituitary functions are normal. The pneumo-encephalography with congenital absence of septum lucidum and the ophtalmologic anomalies are typical. The treatment is envisaged. In one case an autopsy sustains the radiologic aspect.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pneumoencephalographic picture of changes in the cerebrospinal fluid containing spaces of patients who have suffered severe craniocerebral injuries].

Dynamic X-ray follow-ups were conducted after pneumo-encephalography (PEG) of 28 patients who had suffered a severe craniocerebral trauma (intracranial hematoma, crushing of the brain), and those suffering from a post-traumatic disease of the brain. PEG was carried out in periods from 3 months to 3 years after the trauma had occurred. X-ray control was established immediately after the endolumbar infusion of air into the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid spaces, and subsequently every 24 hours till the complete disappearance of air from the ventricles of the brain. Investigation showed that in most cases a more reliable picture of the size of the ventricles can be obtained not on the day that PEG is performed, but in remoter periods (24--48 hours). The internal hydrocephaly that occurs in most patients is evidently of aresorptive character. The expansion of subarachnoidal spaces, rather than their obliteration, is more characteristic of a traumatic disease of the brain, including post-traumatic epilepsy. These changes, however, are not pathognomonic for a complicated severe craniocerebral trauma.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1980

Treatment after blow-up (uncontrolled ascent to the surface).

A 31-year-old commercial diver suffered an uncontrolled ascent from 220 ft. His neurologic examination was grossly normal on arriving at the surface and he was immediately recompressed to 200 ft. After decompression, detailed neurologic evaluation, including encephalography, evoked cortical responses, electronystagmography, and detailed neurophysiologic testing revealed no neurologic deficit. The details of the decompression are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Adolf Bengel--the second inventory of lumbar pneumoencephalography].

In 1918, Walter Dandy reported contrasting liquor-filled spaces by air for the first time. He published the results in eight pneumencephalographies after lumbar air application in 1919. Without knowing about Dandy's papers Adolf Bingel performed his first lumbar encephalography in 1919. In contrast to Dandy, based on this experience Bingel developed ventricular imaging, improved the technique of lumbar puncture and did a scientific evaluation of the results.

Germany↗