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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The evolution of outsider exclusion.

The rate of migration between different parts of a population can be important in determining evolutionary outcomes. This paper presents a mathematical model in which some individuals act to exclude immigrants from their group. It is shown that outsider exclusion can be favoured by evolution, even when outsider excluders incur a large cost. In addition, it is shown that the evolutionary mechanism which causes increases in the frequency of outsider excluders is a form of kin selection or group selection. A second model shows that a similar mechanisms can act to favour the evolution of reluctance to mate with immigrants.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Assimilation and differences between the settlement patterns of individual immigrants and immigrant households.

Analyses of immigrant settlement patterns typically rely on counts of foreign-born individuals by neighborhood, metropolitan area, state, or region. As an alternative, this study classifies immigrants and their descendents into household types to shift attention from individuals to relationships between individuals. The study uses pooled current population survey data to identify seven household types, six of which have various degrees of immigrant or second-generation presence. The research compares distributions of first- and second-generation immigrants with different types of households that include first- and second-generation immigrants. Our analysis shows that the geography of immigration based on households differs considerably from geographies based on individuals. The spatial distribution and concentration of the foreign-stock population provides one picture of immigrant geographies, whereas the patterns of concentration by several different household types opens up the chance to tell other stories. More pointedly, we emphasize that the unit of analysis shapes assimilation research results and implies that this analytical choice cannot be thought of as independent from the politics of immigration.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2004

Infectious disease screening for refugees resettled in the United States.

Refugees resettling in the United States carry a significant burden of infectious diseases as a result of exposures in their countries of origin and the circumstances of their migration. Overseas screening is required before entry, but it incompletely assesses infectious diseases in refugees. Domestic health assessment has the potential to provide more comprehensive assessment for infectious diseases. Screening protocols ideally should test for tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and intestinal and other parasites and should include mechanisms for providing or updating immunizations. Testing for other infectious diseases, including malaria, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus, and sexually transmitted diseases, can be performed on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms. This article reviews the current status of overseas and domestic health screening for refugees, infectious disease burdens, and future goals for health assessment of refugees and other immigrants.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1990

Immigration and the French state: problems of policy implementation.

"Why is it so difficult for a liberal-democratic state to regulate immigration? Although control of a territory is part and parcel of the definition of state sovereignty, labor-importing countries have found it increasingly difficult to regulate the flow of noncitizens across their borders. This article seeks to address the difficulties of regulating immigration by focusing on the policy-making process and the interaction of politics and markets in France, one of the principal countries of immigration."

Demography↗
PubMed1993

The social effects and institutional structure of immigration in New Zealand in the 1980s.

"The aim of this paper is to facilitate an understanding and explanation of the social effects of immigration in New Zealand during the 1980s. Working within the framework of social demography...this objective will be pursued in two stages. First, a concise overview will be given of some of the more commonly known social effects that can be related to the composition and volume of immigration. Second, to gain a deeper appreciation of the causes of change, attention will be directed to the nature and operation of what has been described as the 'institutional structure of immigration'...."

Demography↗
PubMed1996

European migration from East to West: present patterns and future directions.

"Present-day migration control is largely a social and political construction; it cannot explain the patterns and processes of East-West migration. Western anxieties have been misleading, and are used as a substitute for the fears of the Cold War period. In reality, the rich countries of Western Europe have largely been able to control their borders and define the sort of immigration they want to accept. Most of the migrants from Eastern Europe have come in an arranged form, particularly the ethnic migrants. Uncontrolled immigration is concentrated in those sectors of the economy where regulation is weak, and internal forces are operating in favour of unregistered immigration."

Culture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lead levels in teeth of long date and new immigrants in several cities in Israel--preliminary results.

Teeth extracted from 98 people aged 18-77 yr, living in the urban Haifa Bay area or in rural kibbutzim (communal farms) in northern and north-central Israel were analyzed with a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. There were no significant differences in lead levels in teeth for the same age ranges between urban and rural areas, despite differences in motorization rates. We assume that the daily mobility of the residents, the short distances between settlements, and the common origin of their food have a greater effect on the lead level in teeth than do differences in environmental lead in areas of low pollution. New immigrants from Ethiopia and people originating from India and Yemen have lower lead levels in teeth than long date immigrants, but due to different factors. On the other hand, immigrants from Argentina have higher lead levels in teeth in comparison with long date immigrants.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Refugees and migrants].

Today, there are about 14 million refugees worldwide. The United Nations' High Commissioner for Refugees supports them with legal aid, food supplies, housing and preventive health measures, and also tries to find a permanent residence for the refugees. In recent years, there has been increasing awareness about the great number of internally displaced persons in many countries, and of the extent of economic migration. The fear that immigrants may be a threat to the public health, especially as regards import of infectious diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B and tuberculosis, is diminishing. The cultural aspects of health care among immigrants require increased attention, both from the immigrants themselves, and the countries to which they immigrate.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Western diet: risk factors for varices and explanation of their different frequencies among French people and immigrants].

Having run through the data of descriptive epidemiology, which shows a much lower incidence of varicose veins in certain countries of the Third World, the author examines the different aetiologies which are currently accepted or applicable and compares them with these data. He concludes that western alimentation is an important risk factor for varicose veins and that it probably acts through a lack of vitamin E. A preliminary survey, carried out in Lorraine among general practitioners who have both French and immigrant patients, shows a slight prevalence of varicose veins among recently arrived immigrants.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1998

Trends: immigration and technology.

America is experiencing a new wave of immigration that many say will be larger than the one beginning just before 1900. But this immigration is more global in origin and will result in making many states so diverse that there is no "majority" culture. Immigration will fuel the economy and will be particularly advantageous to those businesses that can recognize and respond to the needs of the new immigrant groups.

Cultural Diversity↗