Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ECHINOCOCCOSIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Multi-scale spatial analysis of human alveolar echinococcosis risk in China.

Risk factors for the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis to humans operate at a range of spatial scales. Over a large area, such as China, regional scale risk is correlated with variation in climatic conditions because of its effect on the spatial distribution of landscapes that can support E. multilocularis transmission in wildlife hosts and the probability of egg survival. At a local scale of a few kilometres, or tens of kilometres, transmission risk is related to the spatial proximity of human populations and landscapes with active transmission. At the patch scale, when considering individual villages or households, human behavioural factors are important and for individuals genetic and immunological factors play a role. Satellite remote sensing can provide landscape information at a range of spatial scales and provide a spatial framework within which to examine transmission patterns. This paper reviews the application of remotely sensed data and spatial data analysis to develop a better understanding of disease transmission and shows how such data have been used to examine human alveolar echinococcosis infection patterns, at a range of spatial scales, in an endemic area in central China.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Cystic echinococcosis (CE) in the Poznan region in the years 1990-2000].

The results of multidisciplinary studies on cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Poznan region, Poland carried out in 1990-2000, in co-operation with CDC, Atlanta GA, USA, are summarised as follows. The distinct focality of Echinococcus granulosus (Eg) infections has been demonstrated on some private farms rearing pigs (refs 12, 13). A reduction in Eg prevalence rates in pigs has been achieved, from 13.0% in 1989 down to 0.5% in 1998. This was an effect of various factors, including free treatment of all dogs in the Eg foci, i.e. farms, supplying infected pigs (ref. 13). The experimental studies confirmed, that pig's strain of Eg has some distinct characteristics, in comparison with the other Eg strains (ref. 8). It also had a separate genotype, classified as G7 (G9) (refs 9, 10). It has been demonstrated, that pig's strain was the only one found in 16 patients with CE, hospitalised in the Clinic of Parasitic and Tropical Diseases in Poznan, Poland (refs 9, 10) The same genotype in pigs was found in Slovakia and Ukraine (ref. 10). In clinical research the fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been introduced in the doubtful cases and confirmed to be a safe and useful diagnostic technique (ref. 11). The FNAB material was examined for Eg protoscolices as well as for the presence of antigen 5 (ref. 24). Studies with intradermal Multiest suggested, that development of Eg cysts depend much on immune system, especially a switch between Th1 and Th2 (ref. 19). It has been observed that FNAB may have a beneficial effect on treatment of CE with albendazole, which can be reduced to 1 month only in the patients treated after FNAB (refs 11, 25, 26). The studies carried out were a basis for one habilitation (ref. 11) and 3 MD dissertations (13, 19, 23).

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Human cystic echinococcosis: evaluation of post-treatment serologic follow-up by IgG subclass antibody detection.

Assessment of post-treatment disease activity among patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE) is insensitive using detection of CE-specific total IgG antibody. This study investigated whether serum concentrations of CE-specific IgG subclasses 1-4 correlate better with disease activity than total IgG. We studied a cohort of patients (n = 28) with symptomatic CE treated with anthelminthic drugs and surgery and who were followed up clinically and radiologically for a mean of 5.6 years (range = 3-12 years). Serial archived sera collected during follow-up were retrospectively analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using crude horse hydatid cyst fluid as antigen. Changes in concentrations of antibodies were correlated with clinical and radiologic outcome. At diagnosis, concentrations of CE-specific total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 antibodies were significantly elevated in a greater proportion of patients compared with IgG3 and IgG4 antibodies. During post-treatment follow up, the IgG2 antibody response provided the best correlate of disease activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Long-term therapy of cystic liver echinococcosis with mebendazole].

Surgery is the therapy of choice in the treatment of infestations with Echinococcus (E.) granulosus and E. multilocularis. Chemotherapy with mebendazole, a benzimidazole derivative, introduced 1976 in the therapy of human echinococcosis, showed good results only in cases of infestation with E. multilocularis. In the cases of liver cysts, caused by E. granulosus, the treatment with mebendazole did not succeed as well. Between 1977 and 1986, 44 patients, suffering from infestations with E. granulosus, were referred to the Clinical Department of the Bernhard-Nocht-Institut. In a retrospective study, the data of seven patients had been evaluated: They had not undergone surgery because of the size of the lesions or because they refused the operative treatment. Receiving mebendazole as the only therapy, they had been treated and followed up for more than four years. Mebendazole was given in a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight in repeated cycles of one month's duration followed by a treatment-free interval of two months. After a median of 55 months (median 13 effective treatment months) six of the seven patients presented a therapeutical success as demonstrated by ultrasound and computed tomography. The cystic lesions had dissolved or decreased in size considerably. One case showed unaltered findings of the liver lesion. Mebendazole treatment was well tolerated by all patients. If the size of the cystic liver-lesions excludes a curative operative treatment or if the patient refuses surgery, the indication for chemotherapy with mebendazole is given.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical management of cardiac echinococcosis. Report of four cases.

Four patients with echinococcosis of the heart are presented. The diagnosis was suspected or established before operation by serology, echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. The sites affected were the right and left atria, left ventricular apex and interventricular septum. The right and left atrial cystic masses simulated atrial myxoma, with brain embolization from the latter. The cyst in the interventricular septum was discovered on routine echocardiography in a patient with disseminated hydatidosis. All patients successfully underwent excision of their cysts under temporary cardiopulmonary bypass, and are doing well up to 2 years and 8 months afterwards on medical therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Animal echinococcosis in Italy: epidemiological update].

Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most widespread parasitoses in the Mediterranean Region (MR). This is due to various factors, the most important being the close association between man, sheep and dogs in areas where open farming is practised. Although this disease has been known for several years and many studies have been carried out, nowadays in Italy there are no complete epidemiological data on its diffusion and distribution. The available data show that CE is mainly diffused in those districts where the sheep-dog cycle can be perpetuated, such as central and southern Italy, and the islands. Furthermore, no data are available on biomolecular characterisation of the strains of Echinococcus granulosus in Italy, apart form those in Sardinia, where the G1 (sheep-dog) and G7 (pig-dog) strains were recently isolated. One of the reasons why CE is a problem with no easy solution is undoubtedly the difficulty of making a certain diagnosis in the dog, the principal definitive host of E. granulosus.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Application of in-house enzyme immunoassay and indirect hemagglutination methods for the serologic diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis].

It is necessary to use methods that are not only fast and easily applicable, but also safe in the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and monitoring the treatment. In the present study, we investigated the presence of specific Echinococcus granulosus antibodies by in-house enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests in the sera of 64 patients who were surgically confirmed to have CE, 10 patients with various lung and liver malignancies and 20 patients with Hymenolepis nana infections. Of the 64 CE patients, 52 (81.2%) were found to be positive with IHA and 49 (76.5%) were found to be positive with ELISA (in both of the tests, > or =1/64 titers were accepted as positive), while none of the other patient groups yielded positive results. As a result, the sensitivities of in-house IHA and ELISA methods were determined to be 81.2% and 76.5%, respectively, whereas the specificities were 100% for both of the tests. There was no statistically significant difference between the methods for the detection of E. granulosus antibodies (p>0.05). It can be concluded that, the agreement between the methods could make a considerable contribution in the diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of the CE patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Alkaline phosphatase from Echinococcus granulosus metacestodes for immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis.

The work examined the use of Echinococcus granulosus alkaline phosphatase (EgAP) (extracted from hydatid cyst membranes) as an antigen for immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis (CE). It was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western immunoblotting (IB) for detection of serum anti-EgAP immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody and was compared with hydatid cyst fluid (HCF). The EgAP and HCF were of sheep liver cysts origin. Sera from 30 patients with surgically confirmed CE (G. I), 30 patients with other parasitic infections (G. II), and 20 healthy controls (G. II) were examined. The mean optical density of each of anti-EgAP IgG and anti-HCF IgG antibodies in G. I was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in each of G. II and III. The use of EgAP in ELISA showed 100% sensitivity and specificity recording significantly higher sensitivity (P < 0.05) and specificity (P < 0.01) than when using HCF in ELISA which showed 86.7% sensitivity and 84% specificity. SDS-PAGE resolution, under reducing conditions, of EgAP revealed a molecular weight of 56 KDa, while that of HCF revealed a number of antigenic bands ranged from 12 to 130 KDa. IB analysis showed that sera from CE patients recognized the EgAP 56 KDa and also one or more of HCF antigenic bands of molecular weights at 116, 63, 44, 39, 24, 20, 16 and 12 KDa. The use of EgAP in IB showed 100% sensitivity and specificity recording an insignificant difference (P > 0.05) in sensitivity and a significantly (P < 0.05) higher specificity than when using HCF in IB which showed 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Cross reactivity with HCF in ELISA and IB was seen with schistosomiasis mansoni, fascioliasis, hymenolepiasis nana and ascariasis. Using EgAP, there was an insignificant difference (P > 0.05) in each of the sensitivity and specificity between ELISA and IB. Using HCF, there was a significantly (P < 0.05) higher sensitivity and an insignificantly (P > 0.05) higher specificity by IB than ELISA. The implications of these results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[The rare combination of liver echinococcosis and beta-thalassemia].

A rare case of an unusual association of liver hydatidosis (LH) and beta-thalassemia (beta-Thal) was reported. In a 43 year old white man, who has no connection to endemic areas of echinococcosis or beta-Thal (but was operated probably for splenic echinococcus 25 years ago), an intermediate form of beta-Thal according hematologic morphologic, and hemoglobin-electrophoretic criteria was diagnosed. Common and different criteria to another anemias (especially of iron deficiency) was discussed and authors believed that this splenomegaly (as specific sign of hereditary beta-Thal) isn't indication for operation. Conventional X-ray, US, and CT was characteristic for LH, and intraoperative cytology was performed. Correlation to a very interesting and rare analogous case, but of homozygous hemoglobinopathy C was made.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Surgical policy in echinococcosis of the liver with affection of bile ducts].

Short-term results of surgical treatment of 277 patients with hepatic echinococcosis associated with affection of bile ducts are analyzed. If it is impossible, additional drainage of bile ducts and residual cavity is indicated. Pericystectomy is recommended when hydatid cyst has calcified fibrous capsule. It is demonstrated that rational surgical policy permits to achieve favorable results: postoperative complications were seen in 25.9% cases, lethality was 1.4%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Cerebrospinal echinococcosis: serodiagnosis using different hydatid cyst fluid antigens.

Cerebrospinal hydatid disease diagnosis may impose some problems, as ultrasonography is not applicable and serology may not detect the low antibody titre often associated with intracranial or orbital cystic echinococcosis. Serological tests were performed on 14 cases with intracranial or spinal cystic lesions, out of which 9 were cases of hydatidosis, in addition to 26 cases with other parasitic diseases as detected by stool examination. The sensitivity of all tests and antigens used did not exceed 6 out of the 9 positive cases, and achieved by the Eg1 and Eg2 when applied in the ELISA. The specificity of this technique using the two antigens was 92.3%& 76.9%, respectively. Semi-purified Em1 and purified 44 KDa used in the ELISA, crude Eg1 used for the CIEP and the crude commercial antigen of the IHAT, all gave lower sensitivities than the former two antigens, yet their specificities amounted to 100%. In conclusion, for diagnosis of cerebrospinal hydatidosis the home-prepared Eg1 antigen is recommended in the ELISA system, as it is relatively easily prepared from available resources to be supplemented with radio-imaging techniques especially Magnetic Resonance Imaging and/or MR spectroscopy, the latter being very helpful in clearly differentiating various types of intracranial cysts.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Notes on cystic echinococcosis in the Mediterranean.

Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is present from the beginning of history and in the Mediterranean it is linked to the dog-sheep cycle. The Mediterranean area possesses many features favouring CE. Positive and negative influences derived from the action of the European Community and from recent developments. The control measures of CE have political, economic, public health and environmental implications. Dog population and dog-transmitted zoonoses control, improvement of slaughtering procedures and the destruction of infected viscera, health education, interprofessional cooperation are able individually to constitute a contraposition to CE and combined to compose a control program. Epidemiological surveillance and control of CE in the Mediterranean are coordinated by the WHO Mediterranean Zoonoses Control Centre of Athens.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Socio-economic impact of cystic echinococcosis and of its control: some data and considerations.

The socio-economic impact of cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is reviewed with special reference to the following topics: consequences in man and livestock, costs and benefits of control programmes and economic procedures for evaluating control programmes. Examples of some important costs and benefits are given. Many consequences in man and livestock are difficult to evaluate from an economic point of view, because some basic data are difficult to obtain in many countries. However, the socio-economic evaluation of the consequences of CE and of the present and future control actions proves indispensable to best use available resources and possibly tailor control stategies.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2004

Human cystic echinococcosis in Sardinia during the 20th century.

At the beginning of the 20th century in Sardinia human Cystic Echinococcosis was considered a highly endemic disease by all the health operators. In the early twenties the number of reported cases was 429, but incidence appeared rising due to increase in availability of data and to improvements in diagnosis. The fall of personal and public hygienic conditions together with the drift from urban to rural areas during the second world war, had in fact facilitated the possibilities of infection, causing a strong growth of surgical cases during the post war years, so that incidence rate remains high and almost unvaried until the end of the eighties. Comparative analysis of young and probably old cysts indicates that this high rate of surgical cases was attributable to treated hepatic cysts in elderly. On the contrary the continuous reduction in the number of young cysts clearly shows a slow but constant decrease of the infection rate.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Cystic echinococcosis in Italy from the 1950s to present.

In Italy the epidemiological pattern of cistic echinococcosis (CE) is incomplete and the information for most regions is out of date, contradictory, and almost exclusively limited to the intermediate hosts. The disease is found most frequently in particular social and economic conditions: widespread use of extensive or semi-extensive sheep farming, illegal slaughtering, and high numbers of sheepdogs and other types of dogs. The highest incidence in sheep is found in Sardinia (70.6-92.8%), Sicily (6.5-36.5%), Basilicata (5-28%), Abruzzo (22%) and Tuscany (47%). It North Italy, it is never higher than 0.5% in slaughtered sheep. No data are available on the biomolecular characterization of the strains of E. granulosus in Italy, apart from Sardinia and recently Lazio. G1 (Sheep strain), G7 (Pig strain) G2 (Tasmanian sheep strain) have been identified in Sardinia and G1 and G3 (Buffalo strain) have been recently isolated in Lazio. In Italy, CE has was also found in buffaloes (2.63-9.8%) and horses (<1%). However, further epidemiological surveys and genotyping study are necessary. The small quantity of up to date information on the diffusion of E. granulosus in dogs (Abruzzo 4%, Sardinia 6-10% and Sicily 19.3%) highlights the need for modern, fast, sensitive and low risk diagnostic methods which would provide a true picture of the pattern of the infection in this host.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Critical points in the immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in humans.

This study discusses the immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (ce, caused by Echinococcus granulosus). The detection by immunoblotting of antibodies specific for the 8 kDa subunit of antigen B and in particular the IgG4 subclass expression, seems the most promising serodiagnostic tool. Despite the development of molecular methods, nowadays there is no standard, highly sensitive, and specific test available for antibody detection in CE. Furthermore, because serological tests can give only a limited support to clinical findings there is a clear need for new advances in immunodiagnosis of E. granulosus infection.

Antibodies, Helminth↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[External respiratory function in echinococcosis].

The paper presents the results of a study of the parameters of external respiratory function in 33 patients with echinococcosis. Restrictive respiratory dysfunction was detected in 85.71% of the examinees. After inhalation tests, better parameters of external respiratory function were documented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

A retrospective hospital study of human cystic echinococcosis in Egypt.

We performed a retrospective study to determine annual clinical incidence of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) in 14 Egyptian hospitals between January 1997 and December 1999. From 492 353 records examined, 133 (0.027%) new human CE cases were recorded. Of these, 50 (37.6%) were from Alexandria and Matrouh hospitals, 33 (24.8%) from Giza Chest Hospital and 50 from other regions. Matrouh governorate had the highest annual clinical incidence (1.34-2.60 per 100 000) followed by Giza governorate (0.80-1.16 per 100 000). About a third of those affected were aged < or = 20 years. Liver and lungs were the organs most affected. Although human CE is of low endemicity in Egypt, it may-represent a public health concern in Matrouh and Giza governorates.

Age Distribution↗