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PubMed1980

Experimental colon cancer in the absence of intestinal contents in Sprague-Dawley rats.

The proximal and distal ends of the transverse colons of 16 noninbred Sprague-Dawley rats were severed and stitched to their abdominal walls. The ascending and descending colons were anastomosed end-to-end. The disarticulated colon loop was rinsed 30 times over 15 days to remove all traces of dimethylhydrazine (21 mg/kg body wt) for 27 weeks. When rats were killed 3 weeks later, 4 had invasive carcinomas and 2 had tubular adenomas in the end-to-end anastomosed (function-isolated) colons. Three rats developed invasive carcinomas in the isolated (defunctionalized) colon loops. The carcinogen probably reached the isolated colon loop through the circulation and induced (independently of bile acids) mucosal changes that led to invasive carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Case 33, part 2. Ameloblastoma of the mandible.

A 34-year-old black man underwent a left hemimandibulectomy with disarticulation for eradication of an extensive ameloblastoma. The resected mandible was immediately reconstructed by means of a titanium crib with an attached artificial condyle, which was overpacked with particulate bone removed from the iliac crest. Postoperative function and esthetics have been satisfactory. Histopathologic examination of the lesion disclosed an ameloblastoma with some features similar to those of a calcifying odontogenic cyst.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Recent advances in surgery of lower limb deficiencies.

A vast literature describing the treatment of lower limb deficiencies has accumulated in the past 20 years. Amputation and prosthetic replacement has come to be recognized as the major technique of limb-length restoration in these major lower-limb deficiencies. Experience has shown that early amputation can avoid major repetitive surgical procedures, and that disarticulation is the procedure of choice in the young child. A better understanding of the natural history of these major limb deficiencies has permitted the surgeon to develop a treatment program when the child is first seen, and to be able to recommended it to the parents with confidence.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1982

Isotopic evidence for resorption of soft tissues and bone in immobilized dogs.

UNLABELLED: Various experimental methods for producing bone and ligament atrophy have yielded contradictory results. These methods include denervation, immobilization (both internal and external), and disarticulation. We studied a model of internal skeletal fixation for twelve weeks in dogs that were chronically prelabeled with 3H-tetracycline, 45Ca, and 3H-proline. Bone resorption was analyzed by the loss of 3H-tetracycline, and bone and soft-tissue mass were analyzed by the radiochemical and chemical analysis of calcium and collagen. The strength of the anterior cruciate ligament was studied in tension to failure when a fast rate of deformation was applied. Failure of the femur-ligament-tibia complex occurred through the insertion of the ligament into the tibia for both the experimental and the control limbs. Loss of collagen was greater in the tibia and femur than in the lateral meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament, and correlated with a mechanical failure via bone. No evidence for collagen replacement in atrophied tissues was found, but one-half of the resorbed calcium was conserved. The marked loss of 3H-tetracycline indicated that bone atrophy was the result of increased resorption of bone rather than decreased bone formation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We have demonstrated significant atrophy of the soft tissues (lateral meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament) as well as of bone in immobilized joints of dogs. It is likely that the decrease in strength of the bone-ligament-bone complex is related to this atrophy of soft tissues and bone around the joint.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The influence of early weight-bearing on experimental total hip arthroplasties in dogs.

The bone-cement interface is an area of concern in the long-term fixation of endoprostheses. The effect of early weight-bearing on the interface has been discussed as an important parameter influencing the characteristics of the interface. In this study, a total hip arthroplasty was performed in two groups of six dogs each. One group was allowed immediate weight-bearing, while in the other, a knee disarticulation amputation was done to prevent weight-bearing. Three animals of each group were killed at three months and three of each group at six months, and a histological study of the interface was done. No morphologic difference was observed between weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing animals in the interface area. Endosteal bone remodeling occurred regardless of weight-bearing stresses. A fibrous membrane was found between the cement and the endosteal surface of the femur, and membrane thickness was similar in all animals. The membrane between the cement and acetabular bone, however, was consistently thicker. Quantitative studies revealed increased femoral cortical bone resorption in the nonweight-bearing animals.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1982

The relationship between tourniquet pressure and underlying soft-tissue pressure in the thigh.

UNLABELLED: Soft-tissue pressures in specimens of the lower extremities of cadavera, obtained following hip disarticulation, were measured directly beneath a pneumatic thigh tourniquet to establish the relationship between the tourniquet pressure and underlying soft-tissue pressure. It was found that the tissue pressure was consistently lower than the tourniquet pressure and that the percentage of tourniquet pressure reflected in the underlying tissue varied inversely with the circumference of the thigh. It was also found that the pressure decreased with increasing depth of the soft tissue. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: the use of a pneumatic tourniquet is potentially associated with injury to underlying muscles, vessels, and nerves if excessive pressure occurs beneath the tourniquet. In order to minimize the risk of soft-tissue injury, the lowest tourniquet pressure that maintains a bloodless field should be used. A nomogram based on data generated in this experiment is provided as a guide to determining appropriate tourniquet pressures.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1982

Orthopaedic management of lumbosacral agenesis. Long-term follow-up.

Twenty-two patients with lumbosacral agenesis were treated at the Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children, Chicago Unit, from 1953 to 1979. At the time of this study, ten of the patients were skeletally mature after an average follow-up of 24.1 years. Two patients had died, twelve could be examined, and eight who were unable to return for examination responded to a questionnaire. Eleven of the patients had diabetic mothers. Of the orthopaedic problems in these patients, knee-flexion contractures with popliteal webbing were the most difficult to correct. These deformities varied in severity with the level of the agenesis and the resulting loss of motor power. Other problems were dislocations and flexions contractures of the hips, scoliosis, equinovarus deformities of the foot, and instability at the spinal-pelvic junction. When there was inadequate quadriceps function it was difficult to correct knee-flexion contractures and to prevent them from recurring. For severe knee deformity, knee disarticulation and prosthetic fitting were the most effective treatment. Spinal-pelvic instability was not a problem in eighteen of the twenty surviving patients. Unreduced dislocated hips also did not cause any problems.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

[Kineplastic reconstruction after upperlimb amputation (author's transl)].

In our country the preprosthetic surgical reconstruction of the upper-limb stumps based on the idea of kinematization has become a separate part of reconstructive surgery. Kineplastics- the formation of the skin-muscular canals-aimed at controlling the prosthetic-orthotic devices has acquired a new trend closely connected with the achievements of prosthetics, particularly with the development of the upper-limb externally powered prostheses. At the Leningrad Research Institute of Prosthetics 80 patients underwent kineplastic operations and 102 skin-muscular canals were formed in the period of 1975-1980. Most of the patients were severely disabled; among 65 cases there were upperlimb amputations, congenital deficiencies of the proximal shoulder girdle and disarticulations of shoulder joints. The authors improved the technique of the kineplastic operations, developed the original operations for fastening the prostheses and controlling the functional externally powered prostheses. The physiological investigations showed that the skin-muscular canals possessed a required number of commands and may be a reliable source of control. The skin-muscular canals are used for controlling prostheses, holding different devices for self-help, work and sports. This complex treatment enables the amputees not only to control the prostheses and aid devices, but also to become highly skilled workers.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1995

[Septic arthritis of the pastern in cattle--clinical, radiological and sonographic findings and treatment].

Clinical, radiographic, sonographic, arthrocentesis and intraoperative findings in 19 cattle suffering from a septic arthritis of the proximal interphalangeal (p.i.p.) joint in 20 digits were evaluated retrospectively. In 6 cattle the p.i.p. joint was exclusively affected, in 13 animals a concurrent infection was ascertained in other 18 synovial cavities: digital flexor tendon sheath and the adjoining digital joints. As origin of the p.i.p. joint infection 11 cases showed perforating wounds, 6 cases a contiguous spread from adjacent purulent tissue affections and in 2 calves a haematogenous contamination was found. According to the progress of septic joint affection the increasing severity of the radiographic findings in this study were classified in 6 degrees. This systematic classification of the radiographic findings of septic arthritis in cattle is proposed as a basis for a comparable description and diagnosis of the radiographic signs. The sonographic imaging of the distended dorsal and plantar recesses of the p.i.p. joint in 3 cattle was proved to be a valuable adjunct to the other examination methods available. Five animals were slaughtered after diagnosis. An amputation through the distal third of the phalanx proximalis, respectively a modified disarticulation in the p.i.p. joint was performed in 14 patients. After an average hospitalization of 4.6 weeks the 13 healed patients were dismissed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Subungual squamous cell carcinoma.

Twelve patients with subungual squamous cell carcinoma were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center during a 27-year period. To our knowledge, only 58 cases are reported in the literature. Trauma and chronic infection were predisposing factors in some of the cases, and radiation therapy was a substantive predisposing factor in our series. Disarticulation of the distal phalanx proved effective in most patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Optimization of scanning and processing parameters for the three-dimensional reconstruction in computerized tomography of the facial bones].

The evolution of computer technology has significantly improved the performances of three-dimensional reconstructions from Computed Tomographic images. The authors discuss the examination technique and the modalities of three-dimensional reconstruction based upon a new advanced workstation. This unit is based on a Sun Sparkstation linked with the main computer of the CT scanner. The workstation is extremely fast, the processing time for a high resolution three-dimensional image of the maxillofacial region being about 3 minutes. The scanning parameters, image reconstruction and visualization were investigated on cases of maxillofacial (mainly posttraumatic) conditions. The most important scanning parameters are slice thickness, table incrementation, dose, scan plane. Slice thickness and table incrementation are the parameters bearing the greatest influence on the quality of the three-dimensional images. Dose is also important but bears no influence on image quality: therefore it can be kept as low as possible to reduce patient exposure. The scanning plane has some minor effect; coronal images have some advantages over axial images but in many cases only axial images can be acquired. The reconstruction parameters are the threshold and the matrix. The threshold may range 70 to 300 HU but in most cases ranges 120 to 200 HU. An advantage offered by this system is that it allows threshold values to be changed after the reconstruction has been completed, without performing a new reconstruction. The visualization parameters include four rendering methods, i.e. the surface mode, the integral mode, the maximum intensity projection and the ray sum. The surface mode is the one yielding the best results for bones while the others are used for the reconstruction of soft tissues and vessels. The workstation enables the three-dimensional images to be processed with shading parameters, and to be modified with cut planes, disarticulation methods and other interactive methods.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Total femoral endoprosthetic reconstruction.

Twenty-one consecutive total femoral replacements performed at 2 institutions were reviewed. The surgical indications varied and included bone loss caused by tumor resections (12 patients), failed prior massive partial femoral endoprostheses (6 patients, 5 of whom had prior tumor resections), or difficult to treat fractures and nonunions (3 patients, 2 of whom had prior endoprostheses). Two patients with tumors died within 2 months. The results in the 19 longer-term survivors were satisfactory in 16 patients (good in 7, fair in 9) and poor in 3. Although not commonly used, when this method was indicated it provided an option to hip disarticulation, which often was the only other viable option. Age was the prime determinant of clinical outcome. Average active hip and knee range of motion was better in younger patients (< 60 years old, 66 degrees and 81 degrees, respectively) than in older patients (> or = 60 years old, 43 degrees and 49 degrees, respectively). All household ambulators required walkers and had a mean age of 81 years; community ambulators requiring 1 cane had a mean age of 46 years; and community ambulators using no walking aids had a mean age of 22 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The timing of ossification of the limb bones, and growth rates of various long bones of the fore and hind limbs of the prenatal and early postnatal laboratory mouse.

In order to study the pattern of ossification of the skeletal components of the fore and hind limb of the mouse, intact embryos were isolated between days (d) 15 and 19 of pregnancy (the morning of finding a vaginal plug is termed d 1 of pregnancy), and postnatal animals isolated on d 1 (newborns), 7 and 14 after birth. The total number of fore and hind limbs studied for each day of pregnancy or postnatal day for the bone growth study is given in parentheses: d 15 (2), d 16, 17, 18 and 19 of pregnancy (5 specimens for each of these days), d 1 (newborn), wk 1 and 2, postnatal (4 specimens analysed at each of these times), since only the right limbs were studied. For the study involving the time of first appearance of ossification centres, either the right or the left limb of each of these prenatal and postnatal specimens was analysed. All specimens were fixed in 80% ethanol, bulk-stained using alizarin and Alcian blue, in order to stain ossification centres and cartilage, respectively, and cleared. The limbs were then disarticulated from the axial skeleton at the sternoclavicular and sacroiliac joints to facilitate (1) the determination of the sequential pattern of ossification in the various cartilage primordia analysed, and (2) the analysis of the pattern of growth of the humerus, ulna, femur and tibia. The latter values were plotted graphically, and the individual growth rate of each of the long bones studied was then deduced and also plotted graphically. The findings demonstrated that, with the exception of the femur and ulna, all of the long bones studied had significantly different growth patterns. The time of appearance of the various centres of ossification in the skeletal elements studied proceeded in a similar order to that described by previous authors, though there was some discrepancy in the exact time of first appearance of certain ossification centres. Of particular interest was the somewhat unusual pattern of ossification of the first digits of both the fore and hind limb compared with that of the other digits. The data presented here provide useful baseline information on the normal sequential pattern of ossification in the fore and hind limb, and the characteristic growth pattern of the individual long bones of the limbs in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cortical bone concentrations of enrofloxacin in dogs.

Cortical bone concentrations of enrofloxacin were determined over time in dogs after SC administration of the drug. Nineteen healthy adult dogs were anesthetized and were given 2.5 or 5.0 mg of enrofloxacin/kg of body weight, SC. Serial serum and bone samples were obtained for determination of enrofloxacin concentrations at intervals until 8 hours after drug administration. Cortical bone samples were procured by surgical disarticulation of successive second phalanges. Additional cortical bone samples were taken from long bones in 4 dogs. Mean +/- SD peak serum enrofloxacin concentration was 0.54 +/- 0.10 micrograms/ml for the 2.5 mg/kg dosage and 0.97 +/- 0.34 micrograms/ml for the 5.0-mg/kg dosage. Serum concentration was significantly higher than bone concentration for each dosage. Mean peak bone concentrations reached 29% of peak serum values: 0.15 +/- 0.09 micrograms/g and 0.29 +/- 0.09 micrograms/g for 2.5-mg/kg and 5.0-mg/kg dosages, respectively. Serum concentration for the 5.0-mg/kg dosage was significantly greater than that for the 2.5-mg/kg dosage for all times, whereas bone concentrations for the 5.0-mg/kg dosage were significantly higher at all times after 180 minutes. For the duration of the study, cortical bone concentrations of enrofloxacin at either dosage exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the Enterobacteriaceae, but reliably exceeded the MIC for Staphylococcus sp only at the 5.0-mg/kg dosage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

[Modified en bloc resection procedure for malignant tumor of the shoulder girdle].

En bloc resection of the shoulder girdle (Tikhoff-Linberg procedure) is a valuable limb-sparing surgical technique for bony and soft tissue malignant tumor in and around the proximal humerus and shoulder girdle. Significant amount of hand-elbow function is maintained with the procedure, and long time results in the treatment of neoplasms by this technique was found to be the same as by the method of a forequarter amputation or the shoulder disarticulation in the English literature. Four cases with malignant tumor in the shoulder girdle was treated with this modified method in our department. The average follow-up was 8 years. One case died due to another kind of tumor 6 years after operation, and other 3 cases are alive and disease free.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Femoral pseudoaneurysms in drug addicts].

Four cases of femoral pseudoaneurysms from substance abuse are presented. One patient, a 32 year-old women needed amputation (by disarticulation of the hip) after failed revascularization. Another patient had symptoms of claudication after triple ligation and resection without bypass grafting. The last two had an uneventful recovery: one after saphenous vein bypass, the other after simple resection and repair with a vein patch.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Differentiation of perimortem and postmortem trauma using taphonomic indicators.

Skeletal remains discovered at a construction site in Georgia display classic "butterfly" fractures on several long bones. Although this fracture pattern is usually associated with perimortem trauma, in this case taphonomic indicators demonstrate that they can also occur on dry defleshed bone. Variations in bone color at the fracture sites indicate recent postmortem trauma. Analysis of the directions of force and points of impact indicates that the bones were most likely disarticulated when the trauma occurred.

Adult↗