Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “DISINFECTANTS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

An in-use evaluation of an alcohol-based pre-surgical hand disinfectant.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether alcohol hand disinfection is an effective alternative to traditional agents for the pre-surgical scrub. DESIGN: A prospective clinical trial of a 70% isopropanol pre-surgical hand disinfectant. SETTING: The operating room suites at two hospital sites in British Columbia. METHODS: Cases were selected to evaluate both short and longer procedures. The hand disinfectant was compared to agents in current use as surgical scrubs (4% chlorhexidine and 7.5% povidone-iodine). Surgical technique and glove use were not modified. Pre- and postoperative fingertip impression and "glove-juice" cultures were used to determine microbial burden, and hands were evaluated for skin integrity. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the microbial hand counts following use of the alcohol-based product or the current agents, for cases less than 2 hours' duration. Comparison of longer surgical cases revealed significantly better pre- and postoperative culture results with the alcohol hand rinse, but analysis of matched pairs showed no significant difference in microbial counts. The alcohol hand rinse was equivalent to the operative scrub in terms of skin integrity and user acceptability. CONCLUSION: An alcohol hand rinse was equivalently effective in reducing microbial hand counts as the traditional pre-surgical scrub, both immediately after hand disinfection and at the end of the surgical procedure.

2-Propanol↗
PubMed2003

Antimicrobial activity of glucoprotamin: a clinical study of a new disinfectant for instruments.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the in vitro efficacy of glucoprotamin for the disinfection of instruments. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: University women's hospital. METHODS: Instruments were immersed in saline solution after use, and glucoprotamin was added to a concentration of 1.5% before soaking for 60 minutes. Biocidal activity was determined by the difference in colony-forming units (CFU) on instruments before and after disinfection. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-seven instruments were collected during 10 days and exposed to a 1.5% dilution of glucoprotamin without prior washing. Bioburden before disinfection ranged from 2 x 10(5) to 7.1 x 10(7) CFU per instrument. Average bacterial killing was 5.98 log10 CFU +/- 0.48 under aerobic conditions and 6.75 log10 CFU +/- 0.54 under anaerobic conditions, despite the presence of large amounts of proteins on instruments that were frequently bloody. No vegetative bacteria were isolated in any sample after disinfection. CONCLUSION: This clinical study confirmed excellent in vitro efficacy of glucoprotamin without prior removal of proteins and debris.

Diamines↗
PubMed1994

Interruption of rotavirus spread through chemical disinfection.

INTRODUCTION: Rotaviruses, which are among the most important infectious causes of acute diarrhea, frequently cause outbreaks in hospitals, daycare centers, schools, and nursing homes. These viruses can remain viable on inanimate surfaces for many days and infectious rotavirus particles have been recovered from hands and a variety of surfaces and objects. Casual contact can lead to the transfer of these viruses from contaminated to clean surfaces. Therefore, animate and inanimate surfaces may play a complementary role in the spread of these viruses. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we compared the capacity of a disinfectant spray (0.1% o-phenylphenol and 79% ethanol), a domestic bleach (6% sodium hypochlorite diluted to give 800 ppm free chlorine), a quarternary ammonium (quat)-based product (7.05% quat diluted 1:128 in tap water), and a phenol-based product (14.7% phenol diluted 1:256 in tap water) to interrupt the transfer of a human rotavirus (DS-1) from stainless steel disks to fingerpads of volunteers with a 10-second contact at a pressure of 1 kg/cm2. DESIGN: Each disk received a 10 microL inoculum containing 1.0 x 10(4) to 7.0 x 10(4) plaque-forming units (PFU) of the virus suspended in 10% feces. The inoculum was dried for 1 hour and overlaid with 20 microL of either tap water or the test product. RESULTS: A 10-minute exposure to tap water reduced the virus titer by 52.3% +/- 11.7%. The disinfectant spray was able to reduce virus infectivity by > 99.99% after a contact of 3 to 10 minutes. The loss in virus infectivity after a 10-minute treatment with the quat was almost the same (54.7% +/- 17.8%) as seen with tap water. The activities of the bleach and the phenolic were very similar with losses in PFU of 97.9% +/- 0.4% and 95% +/- 5.36%, respectively. No detectable virus was transferred to fingerpads from disks treated with disinfectant spray, the bleach, and the phenolic. Contact of the fingerpads with tap water- or quat-treated disks resulted in the transfer of 5.6% +/- 1.1% and 7.6% +/- 2.5% of the remaining infectious virus, respectively. CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the care needed in the selection of environmental surface disinfectants in preventing the spread of rotaviral infections.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

One plunge or two?--hand disinfection with alcohol gel.

OBJECTIVE: To compare health care workers' hand surface coverage using two different volumes of alcohol gel for hand disinfection. PARTICIPANTS: and methods. A total of 84 members of staff in our hospital were studied. Subjects were asked to disinfect their hands with alcohol gel containing a clear fluorescent substance. Performance was assessed by using UV light to identify areas which had been missed, and the total surface area missed was calculated. A total of 42 subjects received 3.5 ml of alcohol gel, and 42 age-, sex-, and job-matched subjects received 1.75 ml of alcohol gel. RESULTS: Significantly less area was missed when hand disinfecting with double the volume of alcohol gel; 1.23 versus 6.35% surface area was missed (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Doubling the volume of alcohol gel used for hand disinfection significantly improves the efficiency of coverage of the hands with alcohol gel. This may result in lower bacterial count on the hands and may reduce the spread of nosocomial infections including that of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Chemical disinfection of duck hepatitis B virus: a model for inactivation of infectivity of hepatitis B virus.

The susceptibility of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) to the virucidal effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) was compared to hepatitis B virus (HBV) with the aim of using the duck as a model for studying HBV disinfection. Using viral DNA polymerase (DNAP) as a target, inhibition of DNAP activity by chlorine disinfectants was found to be concentration-dependent but independent of contact time. Two minute exposure of minimal effective concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (domestic bleach: 3600 ppm and industrial bleach: 3180 ppm) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (3000 ppm available chlorine) to DHBV- and HBV-rich plasma totally inhibited DNA polymerase activity. DHBV particles in DHBV-carrier duck plasma (10(4.5) ID50/mL) were treated with these concentrations and inoculated intravenously into 18 one-day old ducklings (six animals/disinfectant). Analysis of plasma (0, 7 and 14 days post-infection) and post-mortem liver (14 days post-infection) by DNA hybridization techniques showed that DHBV DNA was undetectable in samples from all animals inoculated with disinfected virus particles. However, post-inoculation plasma and liver of 18 of 18 control ducklings inoculated with untreated virions were positive for DHBV DNA. These results show for the first time that total inhibition in vitro of hepadnavirus DNA polymerase activity by chemical disinfectants is predictive of inactivation of infectivity in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A bacteriological investigation of the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures for toilet hygiene.

The bacterial contamination of hospital and institutional toilets and toilet areas which were cleaned daily was investigated. The effect of daily disinfection with hypochlorite or a quaternary ammonium product, or with a continuous-release hypochlorite disinfectant system, based on the chlorine-releasing agent trichloroisocyanuric acid, was determined. The continuous release system produced substantial and sustained reduction in contamination of the toilet itself (water, toilet bowl and rim) and some reduction in contamination of sites surrounding the toilet (seat, floor, and air). By contrast, although daily disinfection produced some reduction in contamination compared with daily cleaning, the reductions were less than that associated with the continuous release system and indicated the inadequacy of daily disinfection and/or cleaning for toilets where effective procedures are required.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1998

The effect of prosthesis disinfection on salivary microbial levels.

The aim of this study was to evaluate how the soaking of dentures in a disinfection solution affects salivary microbe counts and stomatitis of partially dentate patients. Patients soaked their dentures for 4 weeks randomly both in a disinfection solution and in a placebo solution. Mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and yeast counts were measured before and after each test period and also the flow rate, buffer capacity and pH of saliva were registered. Disinfection decreased all microbe levels investigated, but only lactobacilli counts decreased significantly. Placebo treatment had either no effect on salivary microbe counts or they increased slightly. Disinfection caused some reduction of the mucosal inflammation under the denture base, but could not completely remove stomatitis during the 4-week test period.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bye bye chemical disinfection with canisters.

This paper describes and evaluates disinfection techniques of dialysis monitors available in our dialysis unit. We demonstrate disinfection techniques with regards to the risk of human error. To achieve a high hygienic standard and to support the safety and efficiency of each disinfection procedure, we emphasise the use of single-use-disinfection cartridges.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed2004

Influence of applied volume on efficacy of 3-minute surgical reference disinfection method prEN 12791.

For assessment of the efficacy of surgical hand disinfection, European reference method prEN 12791 prescribes that the hands must be kept wet with the reference alcohol for 3 min regardless of the applied volume. The aim of this study was to determine whether the applied volume of the reference disinfectant n-propanol (60%, vol/vol) influences the effect on the resident hand flora. Ten experiments with 200 reference disinfections were analyzed. Hands were washed for 1 min with soap. The bacterial prevalue was obtained by rubbing fingertips in tryptic soy broth for 1 min. After this, each subject treated the hands with n-propanol (60%, vol/vol) by using as many portions as necessary to keep hands wet for a total of 3 min. Bacterial postvalues (immediate effect) were obtained for one hand, and the other hand was gloved for 3 h. After the gloves were taken off, a second postvalue was obtained (sustained effect). Most surgical reference disinfections (73%) were achieved with 9 ml of the reference alcohol, followed by 12 ml (24%) and 6 ml (3%). There was no significant difference between the mean log10 reduction values for the three treatment groups, both in terms of the immediate effect (P = 0.333, as determined by analysis of variance) and in terms of the sustained effect (P = 0.442). A higher number of portions did not correlate with a higher reduction factor (for immediate effect, Pearson's correlation coefficient = -0.028 [P = 0.689]; for sustained effect, Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.059 [P = 0.404]). If the hands were kept wet with the reference alcohol for the total application time, the applied volume could vary, but this did not alter the efficacy.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of the efficacies of disinfectants to control microbial contamination in dental unit water systems in general dental practices across the European Union.

Water delivered by dental unit water systems (DUWS) in general dental practices can harbor high numbers of bacteria, including opportunistic pathogens. Biofilms on tubing within DUWS provide a reservoir for microorganisms and should be controlled. This study compared disinfection products for their ability to meet the American Dental Association's guideline of <200 CFU x ml(-1) for DUWS water. Alpron, BioBlue, Dentosept, Oxygenal, Sanosil, Sterilex Ultra, and Ster4Spray were tested in DUWS (n = 134) in Denmark, Germany, Greece, Ireland, The Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Weekly water samples were tested for total viable counts (TVCs) on yeast extract agar, and, where possible, the effects of products on established biofilm (TVCs) were measured. A 4- to 5-week baseline measurement period was followed by 6 to 8 weeks of disinfection (intermittent or continuous product application). DUWS water TVCs before disinfection ranged from 0 to 5.41 log CFU x ml(-1). Disinfectants achieved reductions in the median water TVC ranging from 0.69 (Ster4Spray) to 3.11 (Dentosept) log CFU x ml(-1), although occasional high values (up to 4.88 log CFU x ml(-1)) occurred with all products. Before treatment, 64% of all baseline samples exceeded American Dental Association guidelines, compared to only 17% following commencement of treatment; where tested, biofilm TVCs were reduced to below detectable levels. The antimicrobial efficacies of products varied (e.g., 91% of water samples from DUWS treated with Dentosept or Oxygenal met American Dental Association guidelines, compared to 60% of those treated with Ster4Spray). Overall, the continuously applied products performed better than those applied intermittently. The most effective products were Dentosept and Oxygenal, although Dentosept gave the most consistent and sustained antimicrobial effect over time.

Biofilms↗
PubMed1982

Use of buffered hypochlorite solution for disinfecting fibrescopes.

The possible use of sodium hypochlorite solution buffered to pH 7.6 and containing 100 ppm available chlorine (avCl) for disinfecting fibrescopes was investigated. A flexible fibrescope experimentally contaminated with Pseudomonas putida, Mycobacterium fortuitum, or Bacillus subtilis spores was effectively disinfected within 10 m in repeatedly and without any observable adverse effect on the instrument. The corrosive nature of buffered hypochlorite was investigated by immersing various fibrescope components and metal wires in solutions of different strength for long periods and examining them for damage. Stainless steel, platinum, glass, Teflon, polythene and epoxy resin were apparently unaffected whereas polyurethane, rubber and other metals tested were damaged to different extents. Buffered hypochlorite solutions may have many applications pertaining to the disinfection of items which are either thermolabile or require rapid effective disinfection.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed2003

Determination of decimal reduction time (D value) of chemical agents used in hospitals for disinfection purposes.

BACKGROUND: Prior to the selection of disinfectants for low, intermediate and high (sterilizing) levels, the decimal reduction time, D-value, for the most common and persistent bacteria identified at a health care facility should be determined. METHODS: The D-value was determined by inoculating 100 mL of disinfecting solution with 1 mL of a bacterial suspension (10(4)-10(5) CFU/mL for vegetative and spore forms). At regular intervals, 1 mL aliquots of this mixture were transferred to 8 mL of growth media containing a neutralizing agent, and incubated at optimal conditions for the microorganism. RESULTS: The highest D-values for various bacteria were determined for the following solutions: (i) 0.1% sodium dichloroisocyanurate (pH 7.0)--E. coli and A. calcoaceticus (D = 5.9 min); (ii) sodium hypochlorite (pH 7.0) at 0.025% for B. stearothermophilus (D = 24 min), E. coli and E. cloacae (D = 7.5 min); at 0.05% for B. stearothermophilus (D = 9.4 min) and E. coli (D = 6.1 min) and 0.1% for B. stearothermophilus (D = 3.5 min) and B. subtilis (D = 3.2 min); (iii) 2.0% glutaraldehyde (pH 7.4)--B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis (D = 25 min) and E. coli (D = 7.1 min); (iv) 0.5% formaldehyde (pH 6.5)--B. subtilis (D = 11.8 min), B. stearothermophilus (D = 10.9 min) and A. calcoaceticus (D = 5.2 min); (v) 2.0% chlorhexidine (pH 6.2)--B. stearothermophilus (D = 9.1 min), and at 0.4% for E. cloacae (D = 8.3 min); (vi) 1.0% Minncare (peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, pH 2.3)--B. stearothermophilus (D = 9.1 min) and E. coli (D = 6.7 min). CONCLUSIONS: The suspension studies were an indication of the disinfectant efficacy on a surface. The data in this study reflect the formulations used and may vary from product to product. The expected effectiveness from the studied formulations showed that the tested agents can be recommended for surface disinfection as stated in present guidelines and emphasizes the importance and need to develop routine and novel programs to evaluate product utility.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Esophageal manometry: equipment cleaning and disinfection with glutaraldehyde].

BACKGROUND: Many publications have emphasized the need of proper cleaning, disinfection and sterilization process for reused materials intended to prevent cross infections. As the endoscope the esophageal manometry catheters are considered as semicritical materials and must be free of microrganisms. AIM: To standardize the esophageal manometry materials cleaning and disinfection process to guarantee the safety of patients when reusing semicritical materials. It was based on international protocols and according to recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Commission of the "Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre", Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Enzymatic detergent was used for catheter cleaning, followed by immersion with 2% glutaraldehyde solution during 20 minutes for high-level disinfection. The water reservatory was kept clean and dry to prevent microorganisms proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: The high level disinfection with 2% glutaraldehyde, preceded by enzymatic detergent cleaning, is a safe and simple technique that avoids cross infection in the esophageal manometry equipment. This care must be taken after each manometric procedure. The transducers must be resterilized in ethylene oxide. The professionals of this area must work in concordance with the Hospital Infection Control Commission, being acquainted with the country laws and regulations and keeping sterilizing process and materials updated.

Brazil↗
PubMed1995

Disinfecting equine facilities.

Disinfection of equine premises provides a challenge to farm managers, in view of the variety of surfaces which may be contaminated and the wide variety of horse pathogens. Of the commonly occurring infectious diseases for which disinfection and disease control are especially important, rotavirus diarrhoea, salmonellosis and strangles are the most difficult to control. Phenolic disinfectants have been scientifically demonstrated to be effective in the presence of organic matter and are also virucidal. When used after thorough cleaning and rinsing of stall surfaces, phenolics have proved effective in controlling outbreaks of disease. In addition, 10% iodophors used for washing hands and cleaning equipment are also virucidal and bactericidal. Quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorhexidine, bleach and pine oil are readily available commercially, but are ineffective disinfectants in the presence of the organic matter encountered on horse farms.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy comparisons of disinfectants used by the commercial poultry industry.

Several commercially available disinfectants used by the poultry industry were evaluated for their effectiveness against selected bacteria and viruses. When tested in the absence of organic matter, most disinfectant products were effective at the manufacturer's recommended level within 10 min of contact time. However, when organic matter was present, longer contact times and/or higher disinfectant dosages were needed to maintain effectiveness. Pseudomona aeruginosa and infectious laryngotracheitis virus were very resistant organisms in the presence of organic matter. Evaluation of disinfectant efficacy against several microbials in the absence or presence of organic matter was highly practical, flexible, and reproducible.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2001

[Disinfection treatment for lettuces (Lactuca sativa) and strawberries (Fragatia Chiloensis)].

The disinfection of vegetables and fruits is a treatment applied in order to reduce their natural contamination or processes to the product along the different steps of the food chain until its consumption. In the present work the effect of two disinfectants products was studied: grapefruit seed extract (400 ppm) for 10 min and peracetic acid (2000 ppm) for 1 min (action times assayed according to the manufacturer recommendations) and other additional times. The germicidal action was carried out against the natural contaminants of lettuces and strawberries, through the determination of the germicidal efficiency (%). Treated and untreated strawberries were also evaluated for flavor changes through a sensorial difference test, triangular test. None of the assayed products reached the 99.999% destruction of the natural contaminants according to the Chambers test. Peracetic acid was the most effective disinfectant, reaching the highest destruction percentages at a time lower than that for grapefruit seed extract. Sensory analysis showed no significant differences (p = .05) between strawberries with and without disinfection treatments, at the conditions suggested by the manufacturer.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

Comparative efficacy of contact lens disinfection solutions.

Using the D value method of analysis, we evaluated the relative antimicrobial effectiveness of eight contact lens disinfection solutions against a standard population of challenge organisms as defined in the Microbiological Guidelines proposed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Six bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens) and two fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans) were investigated. The disinfectants included hydrogen peroxide (AOSept, MiraSept, Oxysept), chlorine-based solutions (Aerotab and Softab), soaking solutions containing synthetic, high molecular weight preservatives (ReNu and Opti-Free) and a thimerosal preserved soaking solution (Hydrocare Cleaning and Soaking Solution). The one-step hydrogen peroxide system (AOSept) was evaluated both with and without the catalytic disk. To facilitate comparison of the disinfecting solutions, we defined a new measure of performance, namely "power" of solution. This has an advantage over the "safety factor" because the solution power is independent of the size of the initial inoculum. Because different approaches to analysis may yield a wide range of D values for one set of survival data we call for adoption of a standardized approach. Our results suggest that one of the chlorine-based solutions fails to meet the FDA recommendations for bacterial challenge. Most solutions performed poorly against mycotic challenge. However, when used over longer disinfecting periods, 3% hydrogen peroxide and the Hydrocare solution gave adequate performance against fungi.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

[Virucidal disinfection in gynecology].

The different structure and stability of viruses requires the application of virucidal disinfection procedures in gynaecology. For this purpose disinfectants should be used which are tested according to the guidelines of the German Association for the Control of Virus Diseases (DVV; Deutsche Vereinigung zur Bekämpfung der Viruskrankheiten) in a virus suspension test and in nearly all cases only a slight increase of application conditions is necessary to get equal efficacy for the disinfection or surfaces of instruments. But the application solutions of instrument disinfectants should not be used longer than one day. Experiments testing the virucidal effectivity of such solutions showed an insufficient decontamination of infectious materials already after 3 days usage.

Antiviral Agents↗