Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “DIATRIZOATE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Reappraisal of contrast media used to detect upper gastrointestinal perforations: comparison of ionic water-soluble media with barium sulfate.

Iodinated water-soluble compounds have been widely recommended as the most suitable contrast media for diagnosis of gastrointestinal perforations. However, the authors present 6 cases in which mucosal tears and transmural perforations of the upper gastrointestinal tract were either unrecognizable or inadequately shown during initial evaluation with methylglucamine diatrizoate. Re-examination with barium sulfate demonstrated the precise location and extent of the perforations. Reasons for the higher diagnostic yield of barium studies are explained on the basis of experimental and clinical observations.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Work in progress. Transcatheter thermal venous occlusion: a new technique.

Diatrizoate (76%) contrast agent heated to 100 degrees C was injected into the veins of dogs and one human volunteer for the nonsurgical occlusion of the vessels. Follow-up venograms and histologic examinations, at intervals varying from one day to four weeks later, revealed thrombosis of the injected veins in all animals. Thrombosis occurred one to five days after injection of contrast agent. The authors conclude that hot contrast medium is a safe and convenient agent for inducing thrombosis. It is much easier to use than mechanical devices, tissue glues, and plastics, which involve complex procedures and specialized equipment. In contrast to other sclerosing agents, hot contrast agent is rapidly converted into a nonsclerosing agent by cooling. The new technique allows a more controlled thermal injury to the vascular wall and is under fluoroscopic control.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Work in progress: reduction of calcium activity by radiopaque contrast media.

An in vitro examination of the effects of radiopaque contrast media anions, cations, additives, and ionic strength on ionic calcium level using ion-specific electrodes was made. The calcium-binding additives sodium citrate and sodium EDTA produced the largest reduction in ionic calcium. At the same iodine concentration the anions diatrizoate, iothalamate, metrizoate, and ioxaglate reduced ionic calcium by essentially the same amount. Sodium compounds reduced ionic calcium more than did meglumine compounds, a difference that is probably related to dissociation. The nonionic compounds iohexol and iopamidol did not reduce ionic calcium significantly. Ionic strength appears to have little direct effect on ionic calcium at and above physiologic levels. All ionic contrast media bind significant amounts of ionic calcium at the high concentrations achieved during selective arteriography. Since the anions are only weak calcium binders supplemental calcium can restore the level of ionic calcium.

Angiography↗
PubMed1984

Contrast media induced fibrillation: comparison of Angiovist 370 and Renografin 76. Work in progress.

Angiovist 370, a new formulation of meglumine/sodium diatrizoate, is being marketed for coronary arteriography. Angiovist 370 contains no significant calcium chelator additives, but according to manufacturer specifications may have a pH as low as 6.0. The contact times required to produce ventricular fibrillation with Angiovist 370 and with Renografin 76 were compared using a canine right coronary arteriography model. The fibrillation contact time was 32.2% longer for the Angiovist 370 than for the Renografin 76. The lower pH therefore does not appear to increase the risk of contrast media induced fibrillation. The increased contact time and safety factor with the Angiovist 370 is most likely related to the absence of calcium chelators in the formulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Extravascular lung water: effects of using ionic contrast media at varying levels of left atrial pressure and during myocardial ischemia.

Intravenous injections of ionic contrast media are widely used in the performance of radiographic techniques. The effects of ionic contrast media on lung water are unclear in the setting of elevated left atrial pressure, particularly in the presence of myocardial ischemia. In this study, we examined the effects of bolus injections of intravenous sodium meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin 76, 1 ml/kg, injected at 20 ml per second) on measures of extravascular lung water (EVLW) at several levels of left atrial pressure and in the presence of myocardial ischemia. Bolus injections of Renografin 76 produced significant increases in EVLW, with similar mean peak increases of approximately 26% EVLW at low (initial pressure less than 3 mm Hg), moderate (approximately 15 mm Hg), and elevated left atrial pressures (approximately 25 mm Hg). At matched pressures, the peak change in EVLW in the ischemic dogs was +45%, +60%, and +70%, respectively (all P less than .001 vs. the nonischemic dogs). Thus, use of intravenous ionic media precipitated acute transient increases in lung water, which were exaggerated by myocardial ischemia. While the effects were time limited in this experimental model, caution is advised in using intravenous ionic media in patients who have left ventricular dysfunction, particularly if underlying ischemia is present.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Nephrotoxicity of contrast media assessed by occlusion arteriography.

The authors describe an experimental model for the study of nephrotoxicity induced by contrast media, based on a standardized injection combined with occlusion of the renal artery so as to expose the kidney to a high concentration of contrast medium for ten minutes. Iopamidol, ioxaglate, and both isosmolar and hyperosmolar saline were well tolerated, but diatrizoate caused marked radiological and pathological changes. This model may be helpful in studies of the mechanisms underlying contrast medium nephrotoxicity and evaluating differences in toxicity between contrast agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Contrast agents for cardiac angiography: effects of a nonionic agent vs. a standard ionic agent.

The effects on cardiac hemodynamics and serum parameters of a standard contrast agent (sodium methylglucamine diatrizoate [Renografin 76]) were compared with the effects of a new nonionic agent (iohexol) in a double-blind study in 51 patients undergoing coronary angiography and left ventriculography. No significant alteration in measured blood parameters occurred with either contrast agent. Hemodynamic changes occurred with both, but were significantly greater with the standard Renografin than with the low-osmolality, nonionic iohexol. After left ventriculography, heart rate increased and peripheral arterial pressure fell with both agents, but less with iohexol. Following coronary artery injections, heart rate and arterial pressure decreased with both agents, but the changes were more marked and occurred earlier with the standard contrast material. It is concluded that iohexol causes less alteration in cardiac function than does the agent currently most widely used. Nonionic contrast material is likely to improve the safety of coronary angiography, particularly in those patients at greatest risk.

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

Extravascular lung water: effects of intravenous ionic and non-ionic (lopamidol) contrast media during ischemia.

Intravenous injections of ionic contrast media increase extravascular lung water in patients with elevated left atrial pressure, particularly in the presence of myocardial ischemia. The authors compared bolus injections of sodium methylglucamine diatrizoate and iopamidol on extravascular lung water at several levels of left atrial pressure in dogs. Methylglucamine increased lung water by a maximum of approximately 25-30% above baseline levels at low (less than 3 mm Hg), moderate (approximately equal to 15 mm Hg), and elevated left atrial pressures (greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg). At matched pressures, the peak change in lung water in the dogs given iopamidol was +4%, +7%, and +6%, respectively. In dogs with myocardial ischemia, the differences were even more pronounced (+45%, +60%, and +70%, respectively, for ionic media, and +7%, +12%, and +21% for iopamidol). The authors caution against using ionic contrast media in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, particularly associated with ischemia. In such cases, non-ionic media appear safer.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Temporomandibular joint arthrography: comparison of morbidity with ionic and low osmolality contrast media.

We compared patient morbidity associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrography using both meglumine/sodium diatrizoate (60%) and the new monoacidic dimer, Hexabrix, in a double-blind randomized clinical trial in 31 patients. Patients experienced maximal discomfort from TMJ arthrography with the initial joint filling and joint distension; this rapidly resolved over 10 minutes. Delayed exacerbation of pain is less than described for shoulder arthrography. The newer contrast media promise to decrease patient morbidity with arthrography.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

CT densities in delayed iodine hepatic scanning.

Sixty patients underwent CT scanning of the liver prior to, immediately after, and four hours after intravenous administration of 60% meglumine diatrizoate. Twenty patients received a 50 ml bolus of contrast material (14.6 g of iodine), 20 received 100 ml (29.2 g of iodine), and 20 received 200 ml (58.4 g of iodine). In each group, delayed CT scanning safely raised the inherent density of the liver significantly (increase of 14.3% using 50 ml; 23.9% using 100 ml; and 40.7% using 200 ml). Thus, delayed scanning with doses presently used in abdominal and neurological CT examinations may be helpful in detecting hepatic lesions.

Diatrizoate↗
PubMed1989

Differing mechanisms of clotting inhibition by ionic and nonionic contrast agents.

The anticoagulant potency of ioxaglate has been shown to be approximately twice that of iopamidol and iohexol. Those findings were obtained with use of the thrombin time as a test and platelet-poor plasma as a thrombin substrate. The authors confirmed these findings with use of a whole-blood version of the same test. However, the thrombin time measures only the final stages of the clotting process. A measure of the entire intrinsic pathway would more nearly simulate the situation in the angiographic suite. When measured with such an assay, the anticoagulant potency of ioxaglate was equivalent to that of diatrizoate and was approximately four times that of iopamidol and iohexol. Because of this difference in potency, it seemed likely that the ionic agents were inhibiting the clotting cascade at a late stage as well as at an earlier stage. To investigate this possibility, whole blood-contrast agent mixtures were activated, incubated for several minutes, and then diluted with either citrated or heparinized whole blood. There was rapid clot formation when the unclotted iopamidol and iohexol mixtures were diluted with citrated whole blood but not when they were diluted with heparinized whole blood. The ionic mixtures did not clot in the presence of either anticoagulant. Thus, in unclottable mixtures nonionic agents still permitted the generation of procoagulants. These procoagulants are theoretically capable of causing clotting on reinjection.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1990

Oxygen free radical involvement in urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein excretion after intrarenal injection of contrast medium.

To discover whether the increase in urinary excretion of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) is mediated by oxygen free radicals generated after injection of contrast medium, the authors tested the hypothesis that inhibition of oxygen free radical production after injection of sodium methylglucamine diatrizoate or iothalamate sodium diminishes urinary THP excretion. In three groups of dogs, kidneys received continuous infusions of either superoxide dismutase (SOD) and normal saline (six dogs), heat-inactivated SOD and normal saline (six dogs), or normal saline alone (four dogs). Urinary THP excretion, glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, mean arterial pressure, and renal venous malondialdehyde concentrations were measured before and after administration of contrast medium to each kidney. During the postcontrast period, SOD significantly attenuated the increase in urinary THP excretion, accompanied by an attenuated increase in renal venous malondialdehyde concentration. Heat-inactivated SOD did not attenuate renal hemodynamics or urinary THP excretion. The use of another contrast medium, iothalamate sodium, similarly increased urinary THP excretion. These results show that intrarenal administration of contrast medium induces a transient increase in urinary THP mediated in part by oxygen free radical damage to the kidney. Thus, THP may be a marker of renal tubular injury after injection of contrast medium.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography: comparison of contrast disappearance rates in normal and underperfused myocardium.

A computer algorithm was developed and applied to measure brightness decay rates of myocardial contrast opacification observed with two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). An agitated mixture of diatrizoate meglumine and saline (Renografin-saline) was injected into the left main coronary artery of 17 closed-chest dogs during the control state as well as after placement of an intracoronary plug to induce 85% stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in five dogs. In 12 dogs, injections were also performed distally to complete intracoronary balloon occlusion of the LAD. For each injection, up to 35 electrocardiographic-gated, end-diastolic 2DE frames were digitized into an image-processing computer that determined mean pixel brightness of each of 12 myocardial segments per 2DE short-axis cross-section. Time-activity curves for each segment were generated, and contrast decay half-life (t 1/2) was calculated. Mean t 1/2 for control-state injections was found to be 24.1 +/- 7.7 sec, as opposed to 293.8 +/- 164.5 sec after complete coronary occlusion (p less than .001). In the five dogs in which 85% LAD stenosis was induced, prolongation of contrast t 1/2 from 18.3 +/- 8.9 sec during control to 44.3 +/- 21.0 sec (p less than .001) after plug insertion occurred in myocardial segments subserved by the stenosed vessel. No significant change occurred in segments that were not supplied by the stenosed vessel (21.9 +/- 9.1 sec during control vs 24.9 +/- 11.6 after plug insertion into the LAD). A reproducibility study of injection-to-injection t 1/2 in the control state indicated a correlation coefficient of r = .84 and a standard error of the estimate (SEE) equal to 5.86 sec, while interobserver t 1/2 reproducibility was r = .91 and SEE = 5.21 sec. The t 1/2 measurement derived by computer analysis of myocardial contrast 2DE may serve as an index for characterization of regional myocardial blood flow and may be applicable to evaluate interventions that alter perfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Influence of the cation on the side-effects of urographic contrast media.

The incidence of side-effects produced by meglumine diatrizoate and meglumine-, meglumine-calcium-, and sodium-calcium-magnesium metrizoate, was compared in 800 urographies. Patients older than 60 years seem to have less side-effects than younger patients. The incidence of sensation of warmth seems to be higher in patients who have had previous urographies, compared to those who are examined for the first time. The incidence of this effect is higher for the sodium-calcium-magnesium salt of metrizoate, than for other salts of metrizoate.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Diazepam, alpha and beta neurotransmission modifying drugs and contrast media mortality in mice.

Drugs influencing neurotransmission (alpha 1,2, beta 1,2 agonists, antagonists and diazepam) were given intraperitoneally to test their effects on the mortality of intravenous meglumine diatrizoate. Pretreatment with diazepam in two doses (0.14 and 0.56 mg/kg), alpha 1,2 agonist, beta 1 agonist and beta 1 antagonist affected LD50 so that 5 to 9 per cent more contrast medium could be administered to cause the same mortality as the contrast medium alone. Still higher (19-24%) doses could be used after an alpha 1,2 or alpha 1 antagonist. The beta 1,2 antagonist employed in the test decreased the contrast dosage by 13 per cent, causing the LD50.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of prostaglandin inhibition on the renal vascular response to ionic and non-ionic contrast media in the dog.

In an attempt to study the role of prostaglandins in the renal vascular response to contrast media in mongrel dogs, renal arterial injections of 6 ml of either the non-ionic contrast medium Iopamidol or the ionic medium diatrizoate meglumine/Na+ were performed, before and after intravenous injection of a buffered solution of acetylsalicylic acid (10 mg/kg) (ASA). Renal blood flow was recorded using non-occluding electromagnetic flow probes. The resting renal blood flow was significantly reduced after ASA. The usual biphasic response to contrast injection was observed both before and after ASA, and using either contrast medium. Analysis of the results failed to show any difference in degree of vasodilation or vasoconstriction after ASA. We conclude that prostaglandins may affect the resting level of renal blood flow but are not mediators of the instantaneous changes in response to contrast injection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors modifying contrast media induced fibrillation.

Factors effecting contrast media induced ventricular fibrillation were studied in anesthetized dogs using contact time as the measured parameter. Injections of meglumine/sodium diatrizoate (370 mg I/ml) were made into the right coronary artery at 0.4 ml/s until fibrillation occurred. A contrast medium containing calcium chelators was found to produce fibrillation in a significantly shorter contact time than a similar medium without calcium chelators. Pre-treatment by the cardiac glycoside, ouabain, increased the contact time for fibrillation as did the production of a sub-acute infarction in the left coronary artery and a previous fibrillation and resuscitation. The data suggest that calcium binding additives increase the risk of fibrillation while pre-treatment with cardiac glycosides, the presence of stable infarcts in the non-injected areas, or a previous fibrillation and resuscitation do not increase risk.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Omnipaque and Urografin in left ventriculography and coronary arteriography. A randomised, double blind study.

In order to compare tolerability and radiographic properties of Omnipaque (iohexol) 350 mg I/ml and Urografin (sodium meglumine diatrizoate) 76% (370 mg I/ml) in left ventriculography and coronary arteriography, a randomised, double-blind parallel study was conducted. ECG, heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, oxygen saturation, CK-MB, adverse reactions and opacification were recorded. Twenty-five patients received Omnipaque and 24 Urografin and all patients were included in the final material. Omnipaque was found to have less influence on haemodynamics than Urografin. Few adverse reactions were encountered in the entire study, but fewer after injections of Omnipaque than after Urografin. Equally good opacification was demonstrated for both media. Omnipaque was found well suited for cardioangiography and superior to standard ionic media.

Adult↗