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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Papulosquamous dermatoses of AIDS.

We review the spectrum of papulosquamous disorders in the setting of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Included is a discussion of xerosis generalisata, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, pityriasis rosea-like eruption, keratoderma blennorrhagicum, acquired ichthyosis, and erythroderma. Mechanisms of pathogenesis, including possible common pathways and relationships to underlying immunosuppression, are emphasized.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Desmoplakin I and II in acantholytic dermatoses: preservation in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus erythematosus and dissolution in Hailey-Hailey's disease and Darier's disease.

Desmoplakin I and II are important components of the attachment plaque of the desmosome which mediates cell to cell adhesion, in epithelial cells. In this study we used well-characterized antibody against desmoplakin I and II immunohistochemically and immunoelectron microscopically on two cases of pemphigus vulgaris and one case of pemphigus erythematosus and two cases each of Hailey-Hailey's disease and Darier's disease. In the normal human epidermis the desmosomes were demonstrated in a dotted pattern along cell periphery. In pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus erythematosus acantholytic cells and the perilesional cells exhibited normal dotted pattern along the cell periphery. In Hailey-Hailey's disease and Darier's disease, the dotted pattern is lost in acantholysed and perilesional areas and anti-desmoplakin I + II positive proteins were observed diffusely in the cytoplasm. Immunoelectron microscopical findings correspond to these light microscopical observations. It is concluded that in autoimmune acantholytic disease such as pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus erythematosus, desmoplakins are intact even in acantholytic cells, whereas in genodermatoses such as vulgaris and pemphigus erythematosus, desmoplakins are intact even in acantholytic cells, whereas in genodermatoses such as Hailey-Hailey's disease and Darier's disease primary or secondary abnormalities abnormalities of desmosomes may be involved in their pathogenesis.

Acantholysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Life-threatening dermatoses due to connective tissue disorders.

Connective tissue disorders such as scleroderma, dermatomyositis and lupus erythematosus are autoimmune, multi-system disorders whose clinical manifestations can be restricted to the skin or may involve many organs. The degree and rate of organ system involvement defer, as does the prognosis and rapidity of disease progression. In this article, scleroderma, dermatomyositis and lupus erythematosus will be reviewed in respect to their life-threatening potential.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Life-threatening environmental dermatoses and agents of mass destruction with serious systemic consequences.

The idea of this paper is to acquire a new view of some environmental conditions affecting the skin and carry with them significant morbidity. It is also to understand their etiology and nature to prevent their hazardous and serious complications which are life-threatening. Although most dermatologic disorders rarely have a fatal outcome, there are many potentially fatal medical disorders that have early or major dermatologic manifestations. Some cases lead to death because of the loss of barrier function of the epidermis with fluid and electrolyte loss or from systemic invasion of microorganisms. In others, dermatologic signs reveal an underlying systemic disease where death may occur from the underlying problem.

Critical Illness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Life-threatening bullous dermatoses: Pemphigus vulgaris.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune bullous dermatosis with a high mortality rate if untreated. The disease results from autoimmunity to normal components of keratinocyte cell membrane (desmogleins 3 and 1) belonging to the cadherin supergene family. Standard therapy for PV is based on a combined administration of high-dosed glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs. In patients with severe, life-threatening, or recalcitrant PV, stronger therapeutic options should be considered, such as 'pulse-therapy' with discontinuous intravenous infusion of megadoses of immunosuppressive drugs over a short-time, plasmapheresis, and extracorporeal immunoadsorption of pathogenic autoantibodies using the extracellular domain of the PV main antigen (desmoglein 3) produced by baculovirus or, more recently, a tryptophan-linked polyvinyl alcohol adsorber.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative dermatology--canine endocrine dermatoses.

Endocrine diseases in the dog commonly manifest with dermatological lesions. Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrinopathy and usually presents with alopecia in areas of wear, seborrhea, and recurrent infections. Common clinical signs associated with hyperadrenocorticism include polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. The most common dermatological manifestation of hyperadrenocorticism is bilaterally symmetrical alopecia sparing the head and distal extremities. Pyoderma is a common finding associated with immunosuppression. Less commonly, calcinosus cutis may occur. Sex hormone excess, primarily hyperestrogenism and hyperandrogenism, may also be associated with dermatological signs. Usually, dogs are intact, and the excess production is due to testicular or ovarian neoplasia.

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neutrophilic dermatoses.

Neutrophils may infiltrate all layers of the skin and consequently may cause different disorders, each with its own characteristic clinical and laboratory findings. We discuss how these disorders present and how they are diagnosed and treated. In addition, important associations with internal diseases are discussed to assist clinicians in evaluating for a concurrent illness. Because treatment of these disorders may often require systemic therapy, the potential short-term and long-term effects of commonly used medications are discussed. Finally, treatment of recalcitrant diseases, mostly by use of therapies published in the form of small case series or reports, is also included to guide clinicians in dealing with the more challenging cases.

Dermis↗
PubMed2006

An overview of ultraviolet radiation, sunscreens, and photo-induced dermatoses.

The incidence of sunlight-induced skin aging and skin cancers, particularly melanoma skin cancer, has been increasing in many parts of the world. Authorities are recommending primary prevention programs to reduce cutaneous photodamage and skin carcinogenesis. An integral component of these programs is the use of protective clothing and effective sunscreens. Most modern sunscreens have highly efficient absorption or reflecting capabilities throughout ultraviolet B, partly ultraviolet A, and in some instances infrared wavelengths. Over the last several years, more efficient sunscreening ingredients have been developed for improved skin protection. More recently, direct evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of sunscreens in their ability to reduce the incidence of solar keratoses. This article reviews the protectiveness of sunscreens and assays that predict their levels of protection.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Case reports of etanercept in inflammatory dermatoses.

Skin disfigurations and pruritus can pose severe threats to quality of life, and treatment options for patients with recalcitrant diseases are limited. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine, appears to play a central role in mediating the symptoms of many skin disorders. We report cases in which etanercept (Enbrel; Immunex Corp, Thousand Oaks, Calif), a tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonist that is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis, was administered to ameliorate the symptoms of acute and chronic dermatologic conditions, including Hailey-Hailey disease, severe psoriasis, dermatomyositis, and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Treatment with etanercept substantially improved the clinical symptoms and quality of life in these patients, and may offer a therapeutic option for some patients with severe skin disorders.

Adult↗